Mössbauer spectroscopy

Moessbauer Spectroscopy ......Page 1
Contents ......Page 3
Preface ......Page 9
1 The Moessbauer Effect ......Page 11
1.1 Energetics of Free-atom Recoil and Thermal Broadening ......Page 12
1.2 Heisenberg Natural Linewidth ......Page 15
1.3 Energy and Momentum Transfer to the Lattice ......Page 16
1.4 Recoil-free Fraction and Debye-Waller Factor ......Page 19
1.5 Cross-section for Resonant Reabsorption ......Page 21
1.6 A Moessbauer Spectrum ......Page 25
References ......Page 26
2.1 Velocity Modulation of Gamma-rays ......Page 27
2.2 Constant-velocity Drives ......Page 29
2.3 Repetitive Velocity-scan Systems ......Page 31
2.4 Derivative Spectrometers ......Page 36
2.5 Scattering Experiments ......Page 37
2.6 Source and Absorber Preparation ......Page 40
2.7 Detection Equipment ......Page 45
2.8 Cryogenic Equipment and Ovens ......Page 48
2.9 Velocity Calibration ......Page 49
2.10 Curve Fitting by Computer ......Page 51
References ......Page 53
3.1 Chemical Isomer Shift ......Page 56
3.2 Second-order Doppler Shift and Zero-point Motion ......Page 60
3.3 Effect of Pressure on the Chemical Isomer Shift ......Page 63
3.4 Electric Quadrupole Interactions ......Page 64
3.5 Magnetic Hyperfine Interactions ......Page 69
3.6 Combined Magnetic and Quadrupole Interactions ......Page 73
3.7 Relative Intensities of Absorption Lines ......Page 76
3.8 Relaxation Phenomena ......Page 82
3.9 Anisotropy of the Recoilless Fraction ......Page 84
3.10 The Pseudoquadrupole Interaction ......Page 86
References ......Page 88
4.1 Relativity and General Physics ......Page 90
4.2 Nuclear Physics ......Page 92
4.3 Solid-state Physics and Chemistry ......Page 94
References ......Page 96
5.1 The Gamma-decay Scheme ......Page 97
5.2 Source Preparation and Calibration ......Page 99
5.3 Chemical Isomer Shifts ......Page 100
5.4 Quadrupole Splittings ......Page 106
5.5 Magnetic Interactions ......Page 112
5.6 Polarised Radiation Studies ......Page 114
5.7 Energetic Nuclear Reactions ......Page 119
References ......Page 120
6 High-spin Iron Complexes ......Page 122
6.1 Iron(II) Halides ......Page 123
6.2 Iron(II)\\rSalts of Oxyacids and Other Anions ......Page 140
6.3 Iron(II)\\rComplexes with Nitrogen Ligands ......Page 150
6.4 Iron(III) Halides ......Page 158
6.5 Iron(III) Salts of Oxyacids ......Page 165
6.6 Iron(III) Complexes with Chelating Ligands ......Page 169
References ......Page 174
7.1 Ferrocyanides ......Page 179
7.2 Ferricyanides ......Page 183
7.3 Prussian Blue ......Page 188
7.4 Substituted Cyanides ......Page 192
7.5 Chelating Ligands ......Page 197
References ......Page 201
8.1 Iron(II) Compunds Showing 5T2-1A1 \\rCrossover ......Page 204
8.2 Iron(III) Compounds Showing 6A1-2T2 Crossover ......Page 212
8.3 Iron(II) Compounds with S=1 Spin State ......Page 215
8.4 Iron(III) Compounds with S=3/2 Spin State ......Page 216
8.5 Iron 1,2-Dithiolate Complexes ......Page 222
8.6 Systems Containing Iron(I), Iron(IV), and Iron(VI\\r) ......Page 226
References ......Page 229
9 Covalent Iron Compounds ......Page 231
9.1 Binary Carbonyls, Carbonyl Anions, and Hydride Anions ......Page 232
9.2 Substituted Iron Carbonyls ......Page 236
9.3 Ferrocene and other Pi-Cyclopentadienyl Derivatives ......Page 243
References ......Page 247
10 Iron Oxides and Sulphides ......Page 249
10.1 Binary Oxides and Hydroxides ......Page 250
10.2 Spinel Oxides AB2O4 ......Page 268
10.3 Other Ternary Oxides ......Page 279
10.4 Iron(IV) Oxides ......Page 290
10.5 Iron Chalcogenides ......Page 293
10.6 Silicate Minerals ......Page 296
10.7 Lunar Samples ......Page 304
References ......Page 306
11 Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds ......Page 314
11.1 Metallic Iron ......Page 315
11.2 Iron Alloys ......Page 318
11.3 Intermetallic Compounds ......Page 327
References ......Page 335
12 57Fe  Impurity Studies ......Page 339
12.1 Chemical Compounds ......Page 340
12.2 Metals ......Page 350
12.3 Miscellaneous Topics ......Page 354
References ......Page 358
13 Biological Compounds ......Page 362
13.1 Haemeproteins ......Page 363
13.2 Metalloproteins ......Page 375
References ......Page 379
14.1 Gamma-decay Scheme and Sources ......Page 381
14.2 Hyperfine Interactions ......Page 385
14.3 Tin(II) Compounds ......Page 391
14.4 Inorganic Tin(IV) Compounds ......Page 400
14.5 Organotin(IV) Compounds ......Page 409
14.6 Metals and Alloys ......Page 427
References ......Page 434
15.1 Potassium ......Page 443
15.2 Germanium ......Page 444
15.3 Krypton ......Page 447
15.4 Antimony ......Page 451
15.5 Tellurium ......Page 462
15.6 Iodine ......Page 472
15.7 Xenon ......Page 492
15.8 Caesium ......Page 496
15.9 Barium ......Page 498
References ......Page 499
16.1 Nickel ......Page 503
16.2 Zinc ......Page 507
16.4 Ruthenium ......Page 509
16.6 Hafnium ......Page 514
16.7 Tantalum ......Page 517
16.8 Tungsten ......Page 519
16.10 Osmium ......Page 524
16.11 Iridium ......Page 528
16.12 Platinum ......Page 534
16.13 Gold ......Page 536
16.14 Mercury ......Page 540
References ......Page 542
17 The Rare-earth Elements ......Page 546
17.2 Neodymium ......Page 547
17.4 Samarium ......Page 549
17.5 Europium ......Page 553
17.6 Gadolinium ......Page 568
17.8 Dysprosium ......Page 573
17.9 Holmium ......Page 583
17.10 Erbium ......Page 584
17.11 Thulium ......Page 589
17.12 Ytterbium ......Page 595
References ......Page 600
18.2 Protactinium ......Page 606
18.3 Uranium ......Page 607
18.4 Neptunium ......Page 610
References ......Page 614
Appendix 1. Table of nuclear data for Moessbauer transitions ......Page 617
Appendix 2. The relative intensities of hyperfine lines ......Page 622
Notes on the International System of Units (SI) ......Page 629
Author Index ......Page 631
Subject Index ......Page 655