Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures: A Guide for Dermatologists and Plastic Surgeons

Foreword for Dermatoligist
Foreword for Plastic Surgeons
Preface
Contents
About the Author
Contributors
Part I: Peelings
	1: Introduction: Classification of Peels
		1.1	 History/Background
		1.2	 Histological Outcome
		1.3	 Available Materials
		1.4	 Methods and Techniques
		1.5	 Clinical Outcome
		1.6	 Before and After (Figs. 1.12, 1.13, and 1.14)
		1.7	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	2: Pearl Chapter: Basis of Photoaging and the Use of Chemical Peelings
		2.1	 Intrinsic Aging
			2.1.1	 Shortening of Telomeres
			2.1.2	 Free Radicals and Antioxidizing Ability
			2.1.3	 Cellular Senescence
		2.2	 Intrinsic Factors
			2.2.1	 Genetic Characteristics
			2.2.2	 Sexual Hormones
		2.3	 Extrinsic Aging
		2.4	 Extrinsic Factors
			2.4.1	 Air Pollution
			2.4.2	 Smoking
			2.4.3	 Ultraviolet Radiation and Photoaging
			2.4.4	 Receptor-Initiated Signaling Pathway
			2.4.5	 Mitochondrial Damage
			2.4.6	 DNA Damage
			2.4.7	 Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Signaling
			2.4.8	 Infrared Radiation
		2.5	 Conclusion
		References
	3: Tip Chapter: Peels for Ethnic Skin
		3.1	 History/Background
		3.2	 Genesis
		3.3	 Classification/Types
		3.4	 Available Materials
			3.4.1	 Glycolic Acid
			3.4.2	 Lactic Acid
			3.4.3	 Salicylic Acid
			3.4.4	 Tretinoin
			3.4.5	 Jessner’s Solution
			3.4.6	 Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
			3.4.7	 Other Agents
				3.4.7.1	 Thioglycolic Acid
				3.4.7.2	 Resorcin
				3.4.7.3	 Mandelic Acid
				3.4.7.4	 Pyruvic Acid
			3.4.8	 Salicylic-Mandelic Acid Combination
			3.4.9	 Medium Peelings
			3.4.10	 Fluor-hydroxy Pulse Peel
			3.4.11	 Deep Peelings
		3.5	 Phenol Peeling
			3.5.1	 Blepharopeeling
		3.6	 Before and After (Figs. 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3)
		3.7	 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Handled/Managed
		3.8	 Conclusions/Findings
		References
	4: Blepharopeel
		4.1	 Materials
		4.2	 Methods and Techniques
			4.2.1	 The Prepeeling
			4.2.2	 The Peeling
		4.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		4.4	 Before and After (Figs. 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11)
		4.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		Bibliography
	5: Cook Peel (70% Glycolic Acid + 70% Trichloroacetic Acid) for the Face
		5.1	 Materials
		5.2	 Methods and Techniques
			5.2.1	 The Peeling Itself
		5.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		5.4	 Before and After (Figs. 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, and 5.11)
		5.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	6: Cook Peel (70% Glycolic Acid +40% Trichloroacetic Acid) for Extra-Facial Areas
		6.1	 Materials
		6.2	 Methods and Techniques
		6.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		6.4	 Before and After (Figs. 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, and 6.10)
		6.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
	7: Fluor-Hydroxy Pulse Peel for Face
		7.1	 Materials [1–5]
			7.1.1	 Reagents
			7.1.2	 Equipment (Fig. 7.1)
		7.2	 Methods and Techniques
			7.2.1	 Patient Selection
			7.2.2	 Technique Using Glycolic Acid Peel (Standard Fluor-hydroxy Pulse Peel for the Face)
			7.2.3	 Technique Using Jessner’s Solution (Alternative ­Fluor-hydroxy Pulse Peel for the Face)
		7.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
			7.3.1	 Prepeeling Preparation (Table 7.1)
		7.4	 Before and After: Illustrations (Fig. 7.3)
		7.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			7.5.1	 Post-Peeling Recommendations (Table 7.1) [1–7]
		References
	8: Fluor-Hydroxy Pulse Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
		8.1	 Materials
		8.2	 Methods and Techniques
		8.3	 Follow-Up at the Clinic (Figs. 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4)
		8.4	 Before and After (Figs. 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, and 8.10)
		8.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	9: Genital Bleaching Peel
		9.1	 Materials
		9.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–21]
		9.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–21]
		9.4	 Before and After
		9.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–21]
		References
	10: Glycolic Acid Peel for the Face
		10.1	 Materials (Fig. 10.1)
			10.1.1	 Glycolic Acid
		10.2	 Methods and Techniques
			10.2.1	 Patient Selection
			10.2.2	 Priming of Skin and Preoperative Instructions
			10.2.3	 Steps of Glycolic Acid Peel Procedure
		10.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		10.4	 Before and After
		10.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			10.5.1	 Technical Complications
			10.5.2	 Infection
			10.5.3	 Cosmetic Side Effects and Complications
			10.5.4	 Allergic Reactions and Contact Dermatitis
		References
	11: Glycolic Acid Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
		11.1	 Materials (Fig. 11.1)
		11.2	 Methods and Techniques
		11.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		11.4	 Before and After
		11.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	12: Jessner’s Peel for the Face
		12.1	 Materials (Fig. 12.1)
		12.2	 Methods and Techniques
			12.2.1	 Prepeeling
			12.2.2	 Peeling
			12.2.3	 Post-peeling
		12.3	 Before and After (Figs. 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, and 12.12)
		12.4	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management (Figs. 12.13, 12.14, and 12.15)
		References
	13: Jessner’s Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
		13.1	 Materials
		13.2	 Methods and Techniques [1, 2]
			13.2.1	 Indications
			13.2.2	 Procedures on a Step-by-step Way
		13.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		13.4	 Before and After (Fig. 13.1)
		13.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [6–9]
		References
	14: Phenol-Croton Oil Peels
		14.1	 Materials
		14.2	 Methods and Techniques
		14.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		14.4	 Before and After (Figs. 14.8 and 14.9)
		14.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	15: Pyruvic Acid Peel for Face and Extra-Facial Areas
		15.1	 Materials
		15.2	 Methods and Techniques
		15.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		15.4	 Before and After (Figs. 15.7 and 15.8)
		15.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	16: Resorcin Peel for Face
		16.1	 Materials
		16.2	 Methods and Techniques
		16.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		16.4	 Before and After (Figs. 16.2 and 16.3)
		16.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	17: Resorcin Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
		17.1	 Materials [1–5]
			17.1.1	 Reagents
			17.1.2	 Equipment (Fig. 17.1)
		17.2	 Methods and Techniques
			17.2.1	 Patient Selection
			17.2.2	 Technique Using Resorcinol 20% (Ethanol Solution)
		17.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
			17.3.1	 Pre-peeling Preparation (Table 17.1)
		17.4	 Before and After (Fig. 17.2)
		17.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			17.5.1	 Post-peeling Recommendations (Table 17.1) [1–6]
		References
	18: Salicylic Acid for Face (Facial Salicylic Acid Peel)
		18.1	 Materials
		18.2	 Methods and Techniques
			18.2.1	 Indications and Contraindications
			18.2.2	 Preparation Before Peeling
			18.2.3	 Peeling Techniques
			18.2.4	 Directions
		18.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		18.4	 Before and After
		18.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	19: Salicylic Acid Peeling for Extra-Facial Areas
		19.1	 Materials
		19.2	 Methods and Techniques
			19.2.1	 Pre-peeling
			19.2.2	 Peeling
			19.2.3	 Post-peeling
		19.3	 Clinical Follow-Up (Figs. 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, and 19.9)
		19.4	 Before and After
		19.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	20: Tretinoin Peel for Face
		20.1	 Materials
		20.2	 Methods and Techniques
			20.2.1	 How to Apply
		20.3	 Before and After (Figs. 20.6, 20.7, 20.8, 20.9, 20.10, 20.11, 20.12, and 20.13)
		20.4	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	21: Tretinoin Peel for Extra-Facial Areas
		21.1	 Materials
		21.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–7]
		21.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–7]
		21.4	 Before and After
		21.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–7]
		References
	22: Trichloroacetic Acid Peel for Facial and Extra-Facial Areas
		22.1	 Materials
		22.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–10]
		22.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–10]
		22.4	 Before and After (Figs. 22.14, 22.15, 22.16, 22.17, 22.18, 22.19, 22.20, 22.21, 22.22, 22.23, and 22.24)
			22.4.1	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–10] (Figs. 22.25, 22.26, 22.27, 22.28, 22.29, and 22.30)
		References
	23: Thioglycolic Acid Peel for Dark Circles Under Eyes
		23.1	 Materials
		23.2	 Methods and Techniques
		23.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		23.4	 Before and After
		23.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	24: Thioglycolic Acid Peeling for Hemosiderin and Post-inflammatory Hyperchromia
		24.1	 Materials (Fig. 24.1)
		24.2	 Methods and Techniques (Figs. 24.2 and 24.3)
		24.3	 Clinical Follow-up (Fig. 24.4)
		24.4	 Before and After (Figs. 24.5, 24.6, and 24.7)
		24.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management (Figs. 24.8 and 24.9)
		References
Part II: Botulinum Toxin
	25: Introduction: What Is Botulinum Toxin?
		25.1	 History
		25.2	 Botulinum Toxin Types
			25.2.1	 Commercial Preparations
		25.3	 Before and After
		25.4	 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Managed
			25.4.1	 Non-cosmetic Side Effects
			25.4.2	 Cosmetic Side Effects
		25.5	 Conclusions
		References
	26: Tip Chapter: Histology and Physiology of the Skin
		26.1	 Epidermis
		26.2	 Keratinocytes
			26.2.1	 Basal Layer
			26.2.2	 Squamous Cell Layer
			26.2.3	 Granular Layer
			26.2.4	 Cornified Layer
		26.3	 Melanocytes
		26.4	 Langerhans Cells
		26.5	 Merkel Cells
		26.6	 Dermoepidermal Interface
		26.7	 Hair Follicles
		26.8	 Sebaceous Glands
		26.9	 Eccrine Glands
		26.10	 Apocrine Glands
		26.11	 Cutaneous Nerve System
		26.12	 Cutaneous Vascular and Lymphatic System
		26.13	 Collagen and Elastic Fibers
		26.14	 Subcutaneous Fat
		References
	27: Botulinum Toxin for Craniofacial Hyperhidrosis
		27.1	 Materials (Fig. 27.1)
		27.2	 Methods and Technique
		27.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		27.4	 Before and After (Figs. 27.6, 27.7, 27.8, and 27.9)
		27.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	28: Botulinum Toxin for Superior Third of the Face
		28.1	 Materials
		28.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
			28.2.1	 Solution preparation:
			28.2.2	 Injection techniques:
			28.2.3	 Direct
			28.2.4	 Subdermal Bubble
			28.2.5	 Directed Injection
		28.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–8]
		28.4	 Before and After (Figs. 28.9, 28.10, 28.11, and 28.12)
		28.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
		References
	29: Botulinum Toxin for Middle Third of the Face
		29.1	 Materials (Fig. 29.1)
		29.2	 Methods and Techniques
			29.2.1	 Example #1 (Fig. 29.2)
			29.2.2	 Example #2 (Fig. 29.3)
		29.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		29.4	 Before and After
			29.4.1	 Example #1 (Fig. 29.4)
			29.4.2	 Example #2 (Fig. 29.5)
		29.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
	30: Botulinum Toxin for Inferior Third of the Face
		30.1	 Materials
		30.2	 Methods and Techniques
			30.2.1	 Gummy Smile
			30.2.2	 Perioral Area (Upper and Lower Lips)
			30.2.3	 Elevation of the Corner of the Mouth “Marionette Lines”
			30.2.4	 Hyperactive Mentalis Muscle
		30.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [5–9]
		30.4	 Before and After (Figs. 30.8 and 30.9)
		30.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [5–9]
		References
	31: Botulinum Toxin for the Neck
		31.1	 Materials (Fig. 31.1)
		31.2	 Methods and Techniques
		31.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		31.4	 Before and After (Figs. 31.6, 31.7, 31.8, 31.9, and 31.10)
		31.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	32: Botulinum Toxin for Axillary Hyperhidrosis
		32.1	 Materials (Fig. 32.1)
		32.2	 Methods and Techniques
		32.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		32.4	 Before and After (Fig. 32.6)
		32.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	33: Botulinum Toxin for Palmar and Plantar Hyperhidrosis
		33.1	 Materials
			33.1.1	 For Botulinum Toxin Application
		33.2	 Methods and Techniques
			33.2.1	 Demarcating Injection Sites
			33.2.2	 Product Reconstitution
			33.2.3	 Injection Technique
				33.2.3.1	 Palmar
			33.2.4	 Palmar Hyperhidrosis
			33.2.5	 Plantar Hyperhidrosis
		33.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		33.4	 Before and After
			33.4.1	 Palmar Hyperhidrosis (Fig. 33.7)
			33.4.2	 Plantar Hyperhidrosis (Fig. 33.8)
		33.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	34: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Chemical Rhinoplasty
		34.1	 Materials
		34.2	 Methods and Techniques
			34.2.1	 Bunny Lines
			34.2.2	 Elevation of Nasal Tip
		34.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		34.4	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	35: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Facial Mesotherapy
		35.1	 Materials (Fig. 35.1) [1]
		35.2	 Methods and Techniques [1]
		35.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		35.4	 Before and After (Figs. 35.3, 35.4, 35.5, 35.6 and 35.7)
		35.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [2–3]
		References
	36: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Gummy Smile – Advanced Points and Indications
		36.1	 Materials
		36.2	 Methods and Techniques
		36.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		36.4	 Before and After (Fig. 36.3)
		36.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	37: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Masseter Hypertrophy
		37.1	 Materials
		37.2	 Methods and Technique
		37.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		37.4	 Before and After (Figs. 37.2, 37.3, and 37.4)
		37.5	 Side Effect, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	38: Botulinum Toxin for Special Conditions: Myomodulation to Body Contour
		38.1	 Materials (Fig. 38.1)
		38.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
		38.3	 Clinical Follow-up [1–8]
		38.4	 Before and After (Figs. 38.4a, b and 38.5a, b)
		38.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
		References
Part III: Hyaluronic Acid Filler
	39: Introduction: What Is Hyaluronic Acid Filler?
		39.1	 History: Background
		39.2	 Physical and Chemical Features
			39.2.1	 Molecular Weight and Concentration
			39.2.2	 Reticulation
			39.2.3	 Viscoelasticity
			39.2.4	 Turgidity
			39.2.5	 Size of Particles and Extrusion Force
		39.3	 Classification: Types
		39.4	 Choosing the Product
		39.5	 Biological Effect
		39.6	 Available Materials
		39.7	 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Handled/Managed
		39.8	 Conclusion
		References
	40: Tip Chapter: Anatomy of the Face, Neck, Hands and Genital Areas
		40.1	 The Face
		40.2	 The Neck
		40.3	 Hands
			40.3.1	 Muscles
				40.3.1.1	 Dorsal Face
				40.3.1.2	 Palmar Face
				40.3.1.3	 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
				40.3.1.4	 Fascia and Tendinous Sheaths
				40.3.1.5	 Irrigation
				40.3.1.6	 Venous Drainage
				40.3.1.7	 Lymphatic Drainage
				40.3.1.8	 Innervation
		40.4	 The Genital Area
			40.4.1	 Pelvis and Perineum
			40.4.2	 Female Anatomy
			40.4.3	 Male Anatomy
		References
	41: Hyaluronic Acid for Dermic Hydration
		41.1	 Materials (Fig. 41.1)
		41.2	 Methods and Techniques (Figs. 41.2, 41.3, and 41.4)
		41.3	 Clinical Follow-Up (Fig. 41.6)
		41.4	 Before and After (Figs. 41.7 and 41.8)
		41.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	42: Hyaluronic Acid for Frontal and Glabella Areas
		42.1	 Materials
			42.1.1	 Restylane® [1]
			42.1.2	 Belotero Balance® [2]
		42.2	 Methods and Techniques
			42.2.1	 Pre-procedure Evaluation [2]
			42.2.2	 Techniques
		42.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		42.4	 Before and After (Figs. 42.7 and 42.8)
		42.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Manangement
			42.5.1	 Discomfort, Erythema, and Edema [4]
			42.5.2	 Ecchymosis
			42.5.3	 Irregularities and Nodules
			42.5.4	 Infections
			42.5.5	 Hypersensitivity Reactions [4]
			42.5.6	 Necrosis
		References
	43: Filling Temporal and Eyebrow Areas
		43.1	 Materials
		43.2	 Methods and Techniques
			43.2.1	 Temporal Fossa
				43.2.1.1	 Anatomical Considerations
				43.2.1.2	 Temporal Fossa Augmentation
			43.2.2	 Eyebrow Area
				43.2.2.1	 Anatomic Considerations
				43.2.2.2	 Eyebrow Area Augmentation
		43.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		43.4	 Before and After (Figs. 43.3, 43.4, 43.5, and 43.6)
		43.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	44: Hyaluronic Acid for Periocular Area
		44.1	 Materials (Fig. 44.1)
		44.2	 Methods and Techniques (Fig. 44.2)
		44.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		44.4	 Before and After (Fig. 44.3)
		44.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	45: Hyaluronic Acid for Malar Area and Zygomatic Arch
		45.1	 Materials
			45.1.1	 Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
		45.2	 Methods and Techniques
			45.2.1	 Practical Procedural Tips
			45.2.2	 Areas of Injection
			45.2.3	 Malar Area
			45.2.4	 Zygomatic Area
		45.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		45.4	 Before and After (Figs. 45.2, 45.3, 45.4, and 45.5)
		45.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	46: Hyaluronic Acid for Pre-auricular Area
		46.1	 Materials
		46.2	 Methods and Techniques
			46.2.1	 Methods
			46.2.2	 Techniques (see Fig. 46.2)
		46.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		46.4	 Before and After (Figs. 46.3 and 46.4)
		46.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	47: Hyaluronic Acid for Ear Lobe
		47.1	 Materials (Fig. 47.1)
		47.2	 Methods and Techniques
			47.2.1	 Preparing the Filler
		47.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		47.4	 Before and After (Fig. 47.9)
		47.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	48: Hyaluronic Acid for the Nose
		48.1	 Materials
		48.2	 Methods and Techniques
		48.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		48.4	 Before and After (Figs. 48.4, 48.5, and 48.6)
		48.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		Reference
	49: Hyaluronic Acid for Nasolabial Folds
		49.1	 Materials
			49.1.1	 Hyaluronic Acid
		49.2	 Methods and Techniques
			49.2.1	 Preparation
			49.2.2	 Materials
			49.2.3	 Application
			49.2.4	 Care Following the Procedure
		49.3	 Clinical Follow-Ups
		49.4	 Before and After (Figs. 49.6 and 49.7)
		49.5	 Side Effects and Complications
			49.5.1	 Erythema and Edema
			49.5.2	 Bruising in Tissue or Dermis
			49.5.3	 Allergic/Anaphylactic reactions [1, 2]
			49.5.4	 Nodulations
			49.5.5	 Hypocorrection or Overfilling
			49.5.6	 Infection
			49.5.7	 Foreign Body Granulomas
			49.5.8	 Ischemia and Necrosis [1–3]
		References
	50: Hyaluronic Acid for Lips and Perioral Fine Lines and Wrinkles
		50.1	 Materials
		50.2	 Methods and Techniques
			50.2.1	 Lip Enhancement and Contour Definition
			50.2.2	 Perioral Finishes
		50.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		50.4	 Before and After (Figs. 50.6 and 50.7)
		50.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	51: Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Treating Temporal Area Volume Loss
		51.1	 Materials
		51.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
			51.2.1	 Superficial to the Temporalis Muscle (Fig. 51.2)
			51.2.2	 Deep Temporal Plane
		51.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–8]
		51.4	 Before and After (Figs. 51.5, 51.6, and 51.7)
		51.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
		References
	52: Hyaluronic Acid for Chin
		52.1	 Materials
			52.1.1	 Physical properties of a filler required for chin augmentation
		52.2	 Methods and Techniques
			52.2.1	 Physical examination and facial analysis
			52.2.2	 Evaluation of the chin
			52.2.3	 Design
			52.2.4	 Anesthesia
			52.2.5	 Injection
			52.2.6	 Adjunctive procedures
		52.3	 Clinical Follow-Up (Fig. 52.5)
		52.4	 Before and After (Figs. 52.6 and 52.7)
		52.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			52.5.1	 Visible nodules, unnatural results
			52.5.2	 Vascular complications
			52.5.3	 Immunologic problems
		References
	53: Hyaluronic Acid for Neck Wrinkles
		53.1	 Materials (Fig. 53.1)
		53.2	 Methods and Techniques
		53.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		53.4	 Before and After: Fig. 53.3
		53.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			53.5.1	 Swelling and Redness
			53.5.2	 Bumping Irregularity (Fig. 53.4)
			53.5.3	 Hypersensitivity Reaction
			53.5.4	 Bruising
			53.5.5	 Grayish, Bumped Accentuation of the Neck Lines (Tyndall Effect)
		Reference
	54: Hyaluronic Acid for Hands
		54.1	 Materials
			54.1.1	 Hyaluronic Acid
		54.2	 Methods and Techniques
		54.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		54.4	 Results Pre-Post (Figs. 54.6, 54.7, and 54.8)
		54.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and tTheir Management
		References
	55: Hyaluronic Acid for Genital Area
		55.1	 Materials (Fig. 55.1)
		55.2	 Methods and Techniques
		55.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		55.4	 Before and After (Figs. 55.7 and 55.8)
		55.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
Part IV: Threads in Cosmetic Procedures
	56: Introduction: Threads in Cosmetic Procedures
		56.1	 History/Background
		56.2	 Genesis
		56.3	 Classifications/Types
		56.4	 Available Materials
			56.4.1	 Polypropylene
				56.4.1.1	 APTOS® Technique
				56.4.1.2	 Woffles Lift
				56.4.1.3	 Isse
				56.4.1.4	 MIZ Lift
				56.4.1.5	 Micro-shuttle Lifting
				56.4.1.6	 Beramendi Threads
				56.4.1.7	 REEBORN
				56.4.1.8	 Silhouette Threads
			56.4.2	 Happy Lift Threads
			56.4.3	 Polydioxanone Threads
		56.5	 Selection of the Ideal Candidate
		56.6	 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Handled/Managed
		56.7	 Conclusions
		References
	57: Tip Chapter: Anesthesia in Cosmetic Procedures
		57.1	 Topical/Noninvasive Anesthesia
		57.2	 Invasive Anesthesia
		57.3	 Infiltrative Anesthesia and Nerve Blocks
		57.4	 Sedation, Monitored Anesthesia Care, General Anesthesia
		57.5	 Summary
		References
	58: Eyebrow Thread Lifting
		58.1	 Materials (Fig. 58.1)
			58.1.1	 Anesthesia
			58.1.2	 Needle for Entry Point
			58.1.3	 Thread Types
		58.2	 Methods and Techniques
		58.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		58.4	 Before and After (Fig. 58.9)
		58.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	59: Threads for the Middle Third of the Face
		59.1	 Materials
			59.1.1	 Silhouette Soft
		59.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–10]
		59.3	 Clinical Follow-up [1–10]
		59.4	 Before and After (Figs. 59.4, 59.5, and 59.6)
		59.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–10]
		References
	60: Threads for the Inferior Third of the Face
		60.1	 Materials (Fig. 60.1)
		60.2	 Methods and Techniques
			60.2.1	 Authors’ Personal Technique: Double Z Technique (Fig. 60.3)
		60.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		60.4	 Before and After (Figs. 60.4, 60.5, 60.6, and 60.7)
		60.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	61: Threads for Chin Lifting
		61.1	 Materials
		61.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–3]
		61.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–3]
		61.4	 Before and After
		61.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–3]
		References
	62: Threads for the Neck
		62.1	 Materials
		62.2	 Methods and Techniques
			62.2.1	 Lateral Sagging
			62.2.2	 Central Sagging
		62.3	 Before and After
		62.4	 Clinical Follow-Up
		62.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Management Thereof
		References
	63: Threads for Corporal Areas: Upper and Inferior Limbs
		63.1	 Materials
			63.1.1	 Silhouette Soft
			63.1.2	 Materials (Fig. 63.1)
		63.2	 Methods and Techniques
			63.2.1	 Pretreatment Process
			63.2.2	 Patient Preparation (Fig. 63.3)
			63.2.3	 Technique (Fig. 63.4)
			63.2.4	 Posttreatment Recommendations
		63.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		63.4	 Before and After (Figs. 63.7, 63.8, 63.9, and 63.10)
		63.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			63.5.1	 Pain
			63.5.2	 Bruises
			63.5.3	 Skin Depression at the Entry Points
			63.5.4	 Foreign Body Granuloma
		References
	64: Threads for Abdomen
		64.1	 Materials
		64.2	 Methods and Techniques
		64.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		64.4	 Before and After (Figs. 64.9, 64.10, 64.11, and 64.12)
		64.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	65: Threads for Special Conditions: Buttocks
		65.1	 Materials
		65.2	 Methods and Techniques
			65.2.1	 Inverted U technique
			65.2.2	 Straight technique
		65.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		65.4	 Before and After (Figs. 65.1 and 65.2)
		65.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
Part V: Chemical Substances for Injectable Cosmetic Neocollagenesis
	66: Introduction: Chemical Substances for Injectable Cosmetic Neocollagenesis
		66.1	 History [1]
		66.2	 Classification
		66.3	 Materials Available
			66.3.1	 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) [4–7] (Figs. 66.1 and 66.2)
			66.3.2	 Calcium Hydroxyapatite [8, 9]
			66.3.3	 L-Polylactic Acid [10, 11]
			66.3.4	 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [12]
			66.3.5	 Polyethylene Glycol [13, 14]
			66.3.6	 Autologous Fibroblasts [15–18]
			66.3.7	 Fat Graft [19] (Figs. 66.3 and 66.4)
			66.3.8	 Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) [20–26]
		66.4	 Collateral Effects, Complications, and Management [27]
		References
	67: Tip Chapter: Improving Healing in Cosmetic Procedures
		67.1	 History/Background
		67.2	 Genesis
		67.3	 Classification/Types
		67.4	 Available Materials
		67.5	 Side Effects and Complications
		67.6	 Conclusions/Findings
		References
	68: Calcium Hydroxyapatite for Face
		68.1	 Materials
			68.1.1	 Product Description
			68.1.2	 Dilution
		68.2	 Methods and Techniques
			68.2.1	 Indications
			68.2.2	 Techniques
			68.2.3	 Injection Techniques for Radiesse®
				68.2.3.1	 Lifting Treatment
				68.2.3.2	 Treatment of the Contour of the Mandible
				68.2.3.3	 Treatment of the Nasolabial Folds
				68.2.3.4	 Prejowl Sulcus and Chin
				68.2.3.5	 Biostimulation Face Treatment
			68.2.4	 Contraindications
		68.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		68.4	 Before and After (Figs. 68.1, 68.2, 68.3, and 68.4)
		68.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	69: Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Hands
		69.1	 Materials
			69.1.1	 Calcium Hydroxylapatite
			69.1.2	 The Procedure
		69.2	 Methods and Techniques
		69.3	 Follow-Up
		69.4	 Before and After (Figs. 69.9 and 69.10)
		69.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	70: Calcium Hydroxyapatite For Unusual Body Areas
		70.1	 Materials: (Fig. 70.1)
		70.2	 Methods and Techniques
			70.2.1	 Dilution
			70.2.2	 Technique
		70.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
			70.3.1	 Stretch Marks (Fig. 70.2)
			70.3.2	 All Other Indications
		70.4	 Before and After (Figs. 70.3a, b; 70.4a, b; 70.5a, b)
		70.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			70.5.1	 Early Complications (<15 days) (Table 70.1)
			70.5.2	 Delayed Adverse Events (>15 days) (Table 70.1)
		References
	71: Platelet-Enriched Plasma
		71.1	 Materials (Figs. 71.1, 71.2, and 71.3)
		71.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–8]
		71.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–8]
		71.4	 Before and After (Figs. 71.17, 71.18, 71.19, 71.20, and 71.21)
		71.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–8]
		References
	72: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Face
		72.1	 Materials: (Fig. 72.1)
		72.2	 Methods and Techniques
			72.2.1	 Pre-op Evaluation
			72.2.2	 Preparation and Anesthesia
			72.2.3	 Reconstitution and Hydration
			72.2.4	 Injection Techniques
				72.2.4.1	 Bone Support
				72.2.4.2	 Fat Compartment Replacement
				72.2.4.3	 Skin Sagging
		72.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		72.4	 Before and After (Figs. 72.5, 72.6, and 72.7)
		72.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and How They May Be Managed
		References
	73: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Neck
		73.1	 Materials
		73.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–6]
		73.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–6]
		73.4	 Before and After (Figs. 73.6 and 73.7)
		73.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–6]
		References
	74: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for Arms
		74.1	 Materials
		74.2	 Methods and Techniques
			74.2.1	 Methods
			74.2.2	 Techniques
		74.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		74.4	 Before and After (Fig. 74.4, 74.5, 74.6, and 74.7)
		74.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	75: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for Hands
		75.1	 Materials
		75.2	 Methods and Techniques
		75.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		75.4	 Before and After (Figs. 75.1 and 75.2)
		75.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	76: Poly-L-Lactic Acid for the Gluteal Area
		76.1	 Materials [1–10]
		76.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–10]
			76.2.1	 Preparing the Patient
			76.2.2	 Preparing the Product
			76.2.3	 Techniques
		76.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		76.4	 Before and After (Figs. 76.5, 76.6, and 76.7)
		76.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–10]
		References
	77: Polyacrylamide for the Face
		77.1	 Materials
		77.2	 Methods and Techniques
		77.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		77.4	 Before and After (Figs. 77.4, 77.5, and 77.6)
		77.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	78: Polycaprolactone for the Face
		78.1	 Materials
		78.2	 Methods and Techniques
			78.2.1	 Product’s injection
		78.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		78.4	 Before and After (Figs. 78.6, 78.7, 78.8, 78.9, and 78.10)
		78.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	79: Polycaprolactone for Extrafacial Areas
		79.1	 Materials
		79.2	 Methods and Techniques
		79.3	 Clinical Follow-up
		79.4	 Before and After (Figs. 79.6, 79.7, 79.8, 79.9, 79.10, and 79.11)
		79.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	80: Polyethylene Glycol for the Hands and Face
		80.1	 Materials
		80.2	 Methods and Techniques
			80.2.1	 Facial Treatment
			80.2.2	 Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Hands
		80.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		80.4	 Before and After (Figs. 80.5, 80.6, 80.7, 80.8, 80.9, and 80.10)
		80.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	81: Polymethylmethacrylate Microsphere Injections in the Face
		81.1	 Materials
		81.2	 Methods and Techniques
			81.2.1	 Indications
		81.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		81.4	 Before and After
		81.5	 Side Effects and Complications, and Their Management
			81.5.1	 Nodules
			81.5.2	 Foreign Body Granulomas
		References
	82: Polymethyl Methacrylate for the Body
		82.1	 Material
		82.2	 Methods and Techniques
		82.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		82.4	 Before and After (Figs. 82.4, 82.5, 82.6, 82.7, 82.8, and 82.9)
		82.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
Part VI: Micro-aesthetic Surgery and Others
	83: Introduction: Dressings to Improve Healing in Cosmetic Procedures
		83.1	 History/Background
		83.2	 Genesis
		83.3	 Classification/Types
		83.4	 Available Materials
			83.4.1	 Impregnated Gauzes
			83.4.2	 Semipermeable Films
			83.4.3	 Hydrogels
		83.5	 Complications in Aesthetic Procedures and the Use of Wound Dressings
		83.6	 Side Effects and Complications, and Their Management
		83.7	 Conclusions
		References
	84: Tip Chapter: How Might Cosmeuticals Improve Skin Aesthetic Procedures Outcome?
		84.1	 Background
		84.2	 Classification
		84.3	 Procedure Types
			84.3.1	 Skin Surgery
				84.3.1.1	 Presurgery Skin Care and Supplements (Table 84.3)
				84.3.1.2	 Ingredients and Activities to Avoid Presurgery (Table 84.3)
				84.3.1.3	 Postsurgery Skin Care and Supplements (Tables 84.4, 84.5, and 84.6)
				84.3.1.4	 Ingredients to Avoid Postsurgery (Table 84.4)
			84.3.2	 Injectables (Fillers, Toxins, and Fat Reductor), Microneedling, and Ablative Lasers
				84.3.2.1	 Pretreatment Skin Care and Supplements
				84.3.2.2	 Ingredients and Activities to Avoid Pretreatments
				84.3.2.3	 Ingredients and Cosmetc Skin Care Post Filler Injections
				84.3.2.4	 Ingredients and Cosmetc Skin Care Post Microneedling
			84.3.3	 Nonablative Laser, IPL (Intense Pulsed Light), and Tightening Devices
			84.3.4	 Chemical Peels
				84.3.4.1	 Prepeeling Preparation (Table 84.7)
				84.3.4.2	 Postpeeling Recommendations (Table 84.7)
		84.4	 Conclusions
		References
	85: Chemical Liposculpture of the Chin
		85.1	 Materials (Fig. 85.1)
		85.2	 Methods and Techniques
		85.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		85.4	 Before and After (Fig. 85.5)
		85.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	86: Microneedling for Neocollagenesis of the Face
		86.1	 Materials
		86.2	 Methods and Techniques
		86.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		86.4	 Before and After (Figs. 86.3, and 86.4)
		86.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	87: Acne Scar: Shaving and Electrosurgery
		87.1	 Materials
		87.2	 Methods and Techniques
			87.2.1	 Shaving
			87.2.2	 “CROSS” (Chemical Recontruction of Skin Scars) Technique, Modified
			87.2.3	 Electrodissection for Papular Scars
			87.2.4	 Vaporization with Radiofrequency
		87.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		87.4	 Before and After (Figs. 87.11, 87.12, 87.13, 87.14, and 87.15)
		87.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	88: Acne Scars: 5-Fluorouracil (MMP® Technique)
		88.1	 Materials
		88.2	 Methods and Techniques [1-10]
		88.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1-10]
		88.4	 Before and After (Figs. 88.7, 88.8, 88.9, and 88.10)
		88.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1-10]
		References
	89: Acne Scars: Bleomycin Plus Triamcinolone Injection (MMP® Technique)
		89.1	 Materials
		89.2	 Methods and Techniques
		89.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		89.4	 Before and After (Figs. 89.6, 89.7, 89.8, 89.9, and 89.10)
		89.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	90: Acne Scar: CROSS (Chemical Reconstruction of Skin Scar)
		90.1	 Materials
			90.1.1	 Brushes
			90.1.2	 Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
		90.2	 Methods and Techniques
			90.2.1	 Global Assessment Before the Procedure
			90.2.2	 Discuss with the Patient
			90.2.3	 The Day of the Procedure
			90.2.4	 Description of the Procedure
			90.2.5	 Immediately After and up to 24 h After the Procedure
		90.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		90.4	 Before and After (Figs. 90.6, 90.7, 90.8, and 90.9)
		90.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			90.5.1	 Side Effects
			90.5.2	 Complications
		References
	91: Acne Scar: Dermal Graft
		91.1	 Materials
		91.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–7]
			91.2.1	 Donor area
			91.2.2	 Receptor area
		91.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–7]
		91.4	 Before and After (Figs. 91.8, 91.9, and 91.10)
		91.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–7]
		References
	92: Acne Scars: Dermabrasion
		92.1	 Materials (Fig. 92.1)
		92.2	 Methods and Techniques
		92.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		92.4	 Before and After (Figs. 92.7, 92.8, 92.9, and 92.10)
		92.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	93: Acne Scar: Hyaluronic Acid Filler
		93.1	 Materials
		93.2	 Methods and Techniques
			93.2.1	 Identifying the Correct Acne Scar Type
			93.2.2	 Treatment
			93.2.3	 Injection Technique
		93.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		93.4	 Before and After (Figs. 93.5 and 93.6)
		93.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	94: Acne Scar: Microneedling
		94.1	 Materials
		94.2	 Methods and Techniques
		94.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		94.4	 Before and After (Figs. 94.3 and 94.4a–d)
		94.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	95: Acne Scar: Punch Elevation
		95.1	 Materials
		95.2	 Methods and Technique
		95.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		95.4	 Before and After (Figs. 95.9, 95.10, 95.11, and 95.12)
		95.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	96: Acne Scars: Subcision
		96.1	 Material and Methods
		96.2	 Methods and Techniques
		96.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		96.4	 Before and After (Figs. 96.3 and 96.4)
		96.5	 Side Effects, Complications and Their Management
		References
	97: Aspiration Curettage for Axillary Hyperhidrosis
		97.1	 Materials (Figs. 97.1 and 97.2)
		97.2	 Methods and Technique
		97.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		97.4	 Before and After
		97.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	98: Autologous Fat Grafting
		98.1	 Materials
		98.2	 Methods and Techniques
		98.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		98.4	 Before and After (Figs. 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, and 98.9)
		98.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Management
		References
	99: Autologous Fibroblasts Injections in Face
		99.1	 Materials
		99.2	 Methods and Techniques
			99.2.1	 Indications
		99.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		99.4	 Before and After (Figs. 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, and 99.9)
		99.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	100: Cellulite: Subcision
		100.1	 Materials (Fig. 100.1)
		100.2	 Methods and Techniques
			100.2.1 Preop Evaluation
			100.2.2 Procedure
			100.2.3 Postop Care
		100.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		100.4	 Before and After (Figs. 100.7, 100.8, 100.9, and 100.10)
		100.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	101: Chemical Lipolysis of the Infraorbital Fat Pads
		101.1	 Material
		101.2	 Methods and Techniques
		101.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		101.4	 Before and After (Figs. 101.1, 101.2, and 101.3)
		101.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and their Management
		References
	102: Electro-blepharoplasty
		102.1	 Materials
		102.2	 Methods and Techniques
		102.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		102.4	 Before and After (Figs. 102.5 and 102.6)
		102.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	103: Submental Liposuction
		103.1	 Materials
		103.2	 Methods and Techniques
		103.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		103.4	 Before and After (Figs. 103.10 and 103.11)
		103.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	104: Stretch Marks: Microdermabrasion and Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
		104.1	 Materials (Figs. 104.1 and 104.2)
			104.1.1	 Microdermabrasion
			104.1.2	 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
		104.2	 Methods and Techniques
			104.2.1	 Microdermabrasion
			104.2.2	 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
		104.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
			104.3.1	 Microdermabrasion
			104.3.2	 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
		104.4	 Before and After: Four Illustrations (Figs. 104.11, 104.12, 104.14, 104.16, and 104.18)
		104.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
			104.5.1	 Microdermabrasion
			104.5.2	 Superficial Localized Dermabrasion
		References
	105: Strech Marks: Transdermal Divulsion
		105.1	 Materials (Fig. 105.1)
		105.2	 Methods and Techniques
		105.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		105.4	 Before and After (Fig. 105.2)
		105.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1]
		Reference
	106: Upper Blepharoplasty
		106.1	 Materials (Fig. 106.1)
		106.2	 Methods and Techniques
		106.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		106.4	 Before and After (Figs. 106.9, 106.10, and 106.11)
		106.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
Part VII: Aesthetic Approach of Scalp
	107: Introduction: Clinical Emergency During Aesthetic Procedures
		107.1 The Emergency Plan
		107.2 Dyspnea
		107.3 Epilepsy and Seizure
		107.4 Anaphylaxis
		107.5 Syncope
		107.6 Hypoglycemia
		107.7 Hypertension
		107.8 Chest Pain
		107.9 Cardiac Arrhythmia
		107.10 Management of Anticoagulation
			107.10.1 Antiplatelet Therapy
			107.10.2 Anticoagulants
		107.11 Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators
		References
	108: Pearl Chapter: Methods and Tips for a Better Scar Quality
		108.1 The Stages of Wound Healing
		108.2 Preoperative Planning
			108.2.1 Controlling Systemic Diseases
			108.2.2 Medications
			108.2.3 Smoking
			108.2.4 Cancer
			108.2.5 Nutrition
		108.3 Operative Planning [7]
			108.3.1 Incising
			108.3.2 Excising
			108.3.3 Undermining
			108.3.4 Placing Buried Sutures
			108.3.5 Placing Superficial Sutures
			108.3.6 Hematomas
			108.3.7 Antibiotics
		108.4 Postoperative Care
		108.5 Conclusion
		References
	109: Tip Chapter: Low-Level Light Therapy and High-Energy Lasers in Trichology
		109.1	 Mechanism of Action and Outcomes
		109.2	 High-Power Laser Therapy
		109.3	 Differences Between Laser and LED
		References
	110: Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) in Alopecia
		110.1	 Materials
		110.2	 Methods and Techniques [1–12]
		110.3	 Clinical Follow-Up [1–12]
		110.4	 Before and After (Figs. 110.1, 110.2, and 110.3)
		110.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management [1–12]
		References
	111: Scalp Mesotherapy
		111.1	 Materials
		111.2	 Methods and Techniques
		111.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		111.4	 Before and After (Figs. 111.3, 111.4, and 111.5)
		111.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Management
		References
	112: Microneedling of the Scalp
		112.1	 Materials
		112.2	 Methods and Techniques
		112.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		112.4	 Before and After (Fig. 112.6)
		112.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
	113: Tricopigmentation of the Scalp
		113.1	 Materials
		113.2	 Methods and Techniques
		113.3	 Clinical Follow-Up
		113.4	 Before and After (Figs. 113.7 and 113.8)
		113.5	 Side Effects, Complications, and Their Management
		References
Correction to: Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures
Index