Mineral Resources Potential of Antarctica

Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
The Antarctic Research Series: Statement of Objectives
......Page 8
Preface
......Page 9
INTRODUCTION......Page 11
SOME PRINCIPLES OF MINERAL OCCURRENCE AND FORMATION......Page 12
METALS AND PRECIOUS STONES......Page 13
OTHER MINERAL RESOURCES......Page 15
REFERENCES......Page 16
METALLOGENESIS AND MINERAL POTENTIAL OF ANTARCTICA......Page 17
GO-GEOID: A GONDWANA GEOSCIENTIFIC DATA BASE......Page 20
COMPUTER GRAPHICS, METAL-ANOMALY MAPS, AND A MINERAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF ANTARCTICA......Page 21
REFERENCES......Page 24
INTRODUCTION......Page 25
REGIONAL SETTING......Page 27
FORM AND SIZE OF THE DUFEK INTRUSION......Page 28
STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOLOGY......Page 29
MINERALS......Page 35
THE RESOURCE QUESTION......Page 37
REFERENCES......Page 39
INTRODUCTION......Page 43
POTENTIAL ORE RESOURCES OF THE DUFEK COMPLEX: A SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT......Page 44
POTENTIAL RESERVES OF THE DUFEK COMPLEX: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 59
GEOLOGY OF THE DUFEK INTRUSION......Page 63
MINING DESIGN......Page 64
ECONOMIC EVALUATION......Page 68
RESULTS......Page 73
SUMMARY......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
INTRODUCTION......Page 78
FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES......Page 81
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 100
REFERENCES......Page 101
INTRODUCTION......Page 104
FLIGHT OPERATION METHODS......Page 105
GEOLOGY OF THE SURVEY AREAS......Page 106
URANIUM PROVINCES......Page 110
RESULTS OF THE STUDY......Page 111
URANIUM ENRICHMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GRANITE HARBOR INTRUSIVES IN SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND......Page 117
URANIUM ENRICHMENTS AND THE PRE-BEACON EROSION SURFACE......Page 121
CONCLUSIONS......Page 123
REFERENCES......Page 124
HEAT FLOW AND CONDUCTION-DOMINATED THERMAL REGIMES......Page 126
IGNEOUS-RELATED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM......Page 128
CONCLUSIONS......Page 130
REFERENCES......Page 131
INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS......Page 133
BANDED IRON FORMATION LOCALITIES......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 138
INTRODUCTION......Page 140
STRATIGRAPHY......Page 143
COAL QUALITY......Page 149
DISCUSSION OF COAL QUALITY......Page 158
ESTIMATES OF COAL RESOURCES......Page 162
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
INTRODUCTION......Page 170
PETROLEUM RESOURCES IN THE ROSS SEA......Page 173
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS......Page 174
SUMMARY......Page 176
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 177
WILKES LAND SECTOR......Page 182
QUEEN MAUD LAND/AMERY SECTOR......Page 185
WEDDELL SEA SECTOR......Page 190
ROSS SEA/MARIE BYRD LAND SECTOR......Page 194
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA SECTOR......Page 198
BRANSFIELD BASIN......Page 202
REFERENCES......Page 204
HISTORY OF THE IDEA......Page 209
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ICEBERGS......Page 210
ELEMENTS OF AN ICEBERG UTILIZATION SCHEME......Page 213
ICEBERG DETECTION AND SELECTION......Page 214
PROPULSION......Page 216
PROCESSING......Page 218
THE ICETEC CONCEPT......Page 219
REFERENCES......Page 220
DISTRIBUTION, COMPOSITION, AND DENSITY OF ANTARCTIC NODULES......Page 222
OVERVIEW OF NODULE POTENTIAL......Page 225
REFERENCES......Page 226
INTRODUCTION......Page 227
SHIP OPERATIONS......Page 228
 AIR SUPPORT......Page 231
PERMANENT STATIONS AND FIELD CAMPS......Page 233
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 238
INTRODUCTION......Page 240
THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT......Page 241
THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT......Page 244
APPLICATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN ANTARCTICA......Page 248
IMPACTS OF MINERAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT......Page 250
SUMMARY......Page 256
REFERENCES......Page 257
CONVENTION NEGOTIATION......Page 262
 STRUCTURE: COMMISSION......Page 263
STRUCTURE: REGULATORY COMMITTEE......Page 264
STRUCTURE: ADVISORY COMMITTEE......Page 265
ACTIVITIES: PROSPECTING......Page 266
ACTIVITIES: SPONSOR AND OPERATOR......Page 267
ACTIVITIES: DEVELOPMENT......Page 268
 ENVIRONMENT......Page 269
COMPLIANCE: LIABILITY......Page 271
CONCLUSION......Page 272
REFERENCES......Page 274
SPECIAL REPORT ON THE ANTARCTIC MINERALS CONVENTION......Page 275
Table of Contents......Page 276
When could minerals development commence in Antarctica?......Page 277
What happens next?......Page 278
Does the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Minera lResource Activities CRAMRA open up Antarctica tominerals activities?......Page 279
What were the major accommodations that thenegotiations had to achieve......Page 281
History and Background......Page 284
How Does the Minerals Treaty Work?......Page 285
The Institutions......Page 286
Stages: Prospecting......Page 288
Stages: Exploration and Development......Page 290
Liability and Response Action......Page 293
Compliance/Enforcement and Dispute Settlement/Review......Page 294
The Financial Provisions of the CRAMRA......Page 297
Languages......Page 298
I. How does the treaty deal with the basic disagreement over whoowns Antarctica?......Page 299
II. How does the treaty deal with the concerns of the wider international communityand the developing nations?......Page 300
III. How does the treaty deal with major environmental concerns?......Page 302
What are some of the key issues to be considered in domestic ratification and implementing legislation?......Page 307
List of references......Page 308
Recommendation XI-1......Page 310