Mineral and Rock Deformation: Laboratory Studies: The Paterson Volume

Geophysical Monograph Series......Page 1
Mineral and RockDeformation:Laboratory Studies......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 6
FOREWORD: IIERVYN SILAS PATERSON......Page 7
Introduction......Page 11
Experimental Procedure......Page 12
Experimental Results......Page 13
The Onset of Dilatancy......Page 14
Variation in Dilatant Porosity with Shear Stress......Page 15
Mechanism of Dilatancy......Page 17
References......Page 19
Introduction to anelasticity......Page 21
Quasistatic methods......Page 24
The influence of adsorbed water upon the internal friction of rocks......Page 25
The role of confining pressure......Page 26
The importance of microstructure......Page 27
Future directions for the laboratory study of rock anelasticity......Page 28
Preliminary results and their interpretation......Page 30
References......Page 32
Experimental Procedures......Page 34
Discussion......Page 38
ProposMeedc ha......Page 39
Implications of the Hall-Petch Model to thePresent Results......Page 40
Conclusions......Page 41
References......Page 42
Deformation Conditions......Page 43
Mechanical Behavior......Page 44
Optical Microstructures......Page 46
Electron Microscopy......Page 49
Discussion......Page 52
Conclusions......Page 54
References......Page 57
Introduction......Page 58
Starting Material......Page 59
Experimental Control of Oxygen Fugacity andWater Fugacity During Deformation Experiments......Page 60
Infrared Procedures......Page 62
Mechanical Results......Page 64
Introduction......Page 66
Infrared Results......Page 69
The Dependence of the Creep Properties ofSiDgle Crystals of Natural Quartz upon theThermodynamic Environment during Deformation......Page 72
Conclueions......Page 76
References......Page 77
General......Page 80
Crystal Structure and Electronic Structure of Galena......Page 81
Point Defect Chemistry and Diffusion in Galena......Page 82
Deformation of Galena in Natural Environments......Page 84
Experimental Deformation of Galena - PreviousStudies......Page 85
Apparatus......Page 86
Specimen Preparation......Page 87
Broken Hill Single Crystals BH-1 series......Page 88
Synthetic P-1 galena......Page 91
Other Galena Single Crystals......Page 93
Deformation Mechanisms......Page 95
The Role of Impurities During High TemperatureCreep in Galena......Page 96
Non-localized Point Defect Models for the Control of High Temperature Creep in Galena......Page 97
Conclusions......Page 102
References......Page 103
Introduction......Page 106
Preparation of Starting Materials......Page 107
Compositional Analysis of Starting Material andTested Samples......Page 108
Experimental Apparatus and Test Method......Page 109
Experimental Results......Page 111
Discussion......Page 114
Application......Page 115
Conclusions......Page 120
References......Page 121
Introduction......Page 123
Press......Page 124
Triaxial Cells......Page 125
Instrumentati......Page 127
Data Reduction......Page 129
Stress-Strain Data......Page 131
Microstructural Analysis......Page 136
Triaxial-Compression Tests......Page 142
Conclusions......Page 160
Introduction......Page 167
Driving Forces......Page 169
Grain Boundary Migration.......Page 172
Subgrain Rotation......Page 174
Migration and Rotation Recrystallization......Page 176
Processes Within Grain Boundaries......Page 177
A New Classification of Recrystallization Regimes......Page 180
Intrinsic Parameters......Page 181
Extrinsic Parameters......Page 182
Kinetic Factors......Page 183
Development of Microstructures......Page 184
Grain Boundar.yM igrationM icrostructures......Page 185
Recrstallization and the Development of a Grain-Shape Preferred Orientation......Page 186
Diagnostic Microstructures......Page 187
Progressive Misorientation of Subgrains......Page 188
Grain Boundary Migration......Page 189
Dynamic Recrystallization and Flow Stress......Page 194
Changes in Grain Size......Page 195
Changes in Dislocation Density......Page 196
Changes in Impurity Concentration and DefectChemistry......Page 197
Definitions of Recrystallization......Page 198
References......Page 200
Introduction......Page 206
Thermodynamic Theory......Page 207
Cusp Velocities......Page 210
Conclusions and Predictions......Page 211
Conclusions......Page 215
References......Page 216
Introduction......Page 217
Recrystallization Nuclei in Natural Ice......Page 219
Experimental procedure......Page 221
Slip band formation and grain rotations.......Page 223
Deformation band and kink band formation......Page 225
Dynamic Grain Boundary Migration......Page 228
Fabric Reorientation Associated withDeformation and Recrystallization......Page 229
The relationship of. grain structure in ice to arecrystallization model......Page 232
References......Page 234
The Structure of Grain Boundaries in Cubic Metals......Page 237
Twinning in Quartz......Page 238
CSLs Associated with Observed Twins......Page 239
Models of Special Grain Boundaries in Quartz......Page 244
References......Page 248
Introduction......Page 250
The Modified Dislocation Density Piezometric Equation......Page 251
The Modified Subgrain Diameter Piezometric Equation......Page 254
An Examination of Some Olivine Data......Page 258
An Examination of Some Quartz Data......Page 261
Conclusions......Page 262
References......Page 263
Introduction......Page 265
Geological Setting and Microstructure......Page 268
Specimen P 248.......Page 269
Specimen Gran 125.......Page 272
Introduction......Page 289
Deformation Experiments......Page 290
Taylor Calculations and Interpretation......Page 291
Plastic Work Considerations......Page 294
Conclusions......Page 295
References......Page 296
State of Stress......Page 298
Fluid Pressure......Page 299
Strain Rate......Page 300
Brief History of Equipment Development......Page 301
Overall Description of Gas Apparatus......Page 303
Overall Description  of Solid Medium Apparatus......Page 304
Pressure System......Page 305
Temperature System......Page 316
Pore Pressure System......Page 318
Sample Assembly......Page 319
Conclusion......Page 321
References......Page 322