Mine ventilation

Cover......Page 1
Mine Ventilation......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Organizing committee......Page 12
Ventilation systems design......Page 14
2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS......Page 16
4.2 Panel drifts......Page 17
5.1 Central suction system......Page 18
5.3 Ore pass-exhaust system......Page 19
6.1 Similarities and differences......Page 20
7 AIRFLOW CONTROL DEVICES......Page 21
7.1 Booster fans......Page 22
7.2 Auxiliary fans......Page 23
7.6 Refrigeration plants and cooling systems......Page 24
REFERENCES......Page 25
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 28
2 VENUE AND TIME OF EXPERIMENT......Page 29
3 THE PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EXPERIMENT......Page 30
4.1  Examination of dynamics and interrelations between pressure signals......Page 32
5.2  Application of a model of one-dimensional, transient flow of compressible liquid......Page 34
6  SUMMARY......Page 35
REFERENCES......Page 36
2  ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 38
2.1.1  Velocity distribution along a duct......Page 39
2.2  Exhausting system......Page 40
2.2.1  Velocity distribution along a duct......Page 41
3  ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENT FOR LEAKING DUCTS......Page 42
5  RESULTS......Page 43
REFERENCES......Page 45
2  BOOSTER FAN GOVERNING FACTORS......Page 46
3  DESCRIPTION OF THE MEIKLE MINE VENTILATION SYSTEM......Page 48
4  ASSESSING BOOSTER FAN PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY......Page 49
5  DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF FAN PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 53
2.1  Measurement of ventilation volume......Page 54
2.3  Measurement of ventilator......Page 55
3.2  Verify the ventilation alternatives by graphic theory......Page 56
4.1  Selection of ventilation fan......Page 58
5  DEVELOPMENT OF VENTILATION SOFTWARE......Page 59
6.1  Improvement on air volume......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 61
1.1  Wyoming trona......Page 62
2.1  General description of mine ventilation system......Page 63
3.1  General description of mine ventilation system......Page 64
3.2  Section ventilation......Page 65
4.2  Section ventilation......Page 66
5.1  General description of mine ventilation system......Page 68
5.2  Section ventilation......Page 69
6  SUMMARY......Page 70
2 GENERALITIES......Page 72
4.1 Method 1: Direct application of the steady flow energy equation......Page 73
4.5 Instrumentation......Page 74
5  GAUGE AND TUBE METHOD......Page 75
5.1 Instrumentation......Page 76
6 EXAMPLES OF PARALLEL MEASUREMENTS AND CASE STUDY MEASUREMENTS (EXAMPLES)......Page 77
REFERENCES......Page 79
2.1 Ventilation design principles......Page 80
2.3 Blasting ventilation......Page 81
3.2 Measurements......Page 82
5.1 Measurement results and comments......Page 83
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 84
REFERENCE......Page 85
2 DETROIT SALT MINE VENTILATION SYSTEM......Page 86
3.4 Natural ventilation pressure......Page 88
5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NUMERICAL MODEL......Page 89
7 CONCLUSIONS......Page 90
REFERENCES......Page 91
Diesel in underground mines......Page 92
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 94
3.1 Occupational exposure......Page 95
3.2 Area DPM levels......Page 97
4 OTHER STUDIES......Page 98
5.7 Electric production loaders......Page 100
REFERENCE......Page 101
2 SAMPLE COLLECTION......Page 102
3 LABORATORY ANALYSIS......Page 103
5 COMPLIANCE STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT......Page 104
REFERENCES......Page 105
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 106
2.2 Black River Limestone Mine......Page 107
4.1 Sampling confidence range......Page 108
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 109
7 CONCLUSIONS......Page 111
3 KIDD CREEK MINE DIESEL FLEET......Page 112
5 SAMPLING SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION......Page 114
6.2.1 Truck # 33661......Page 115
7.1 Pick-up trucks......Page 116
7.2 Tractors......Page 117
8.2 Ambient operator exposures......Page 118
9 KIDD CREEK MINE FLEET DPM EMISSIONS......Page 119
10.3 Engine type, technology and maintenance......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 122
3 EXPERIMENTAL......Page 123
4 RESULTS......Page 124
4.1 Exhaust quality index (EQI)......Page 125
4.3 Particulate filter efficiency......Page 126
4.4 System regeneration......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 128
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 130
4 OVERBUILD VENTILATION SYSTEM......Page 131
5.1 Diesel emissions assumptions......Page 132
5.3.2 Jet fans......Page 133
5.3.3 Train and diesel exhaust modeling......Page 134
5.4.1 Natural ventilation results......Page 135
5.4.2 Mechanical ventilation results......Page 137
6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 139
2 BACKGROUND......Page 140
3.2 Evaluation of engine and ceramic filter......Page 141
4.1 Results of tail pipe tests......Page 142
4.2 Change in full shift personal exposure......Page 144
4.4 Difference between measurements inside and outside the loader cab......Page 145
4.6 Diesel emissions within the test areas......Page 146
5 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 147
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 148
3.1 Measuring exposure to DEEEs in coal mines......Page 149
4.2.1   Coal mine A......Page 150
4.3.2 Intake and return roadways......Page 151
5.1 Salt mine......Page 152
6 SIMPLE ON-SITE METHOD FOR DETERMINING EXPOSURE TO DEEEs IN NON-COAL MINES USING A BOSCH SMOKEMETER......Page 153
7 CONCLUSIONS......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 155
Ventilation and control systems......Page 156
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 158
3.1 Drop board regulator tests......Page 159
3.3  Louvre regulator tests......Page 160
3.4  Roller door regulator tests......Page 161
4.1  Real time “Ventsim” modifications......Page 162
4.2  Trial at Capcoal Central Colliery......Page 163
4.3  BHP Billiton Cannington Trial......Page 164
REFERENCES......Page 168
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 170
2  VUMA-NETWORK......Page 171
3  LINK TO MINE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM......Page 172
5  COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND PREDICTED PARAMETERS......Page 173
6  FUTURE WORK......Page 174
REFERENCES......Page 175
2  SOLUTION......Page 176
3  REMOTE ACCESS......Page 177
4  CONCLUSION......Page 180
2  OSTRAVA-KARVINÁ REGION......Page 182
3  SYSTEM DESIGN ANALYZE......Page 184
REFERENCES......Page 188
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 190
2.3  Gas delivery and mixing......Page 191
3.1  Response time readings......Page 192
4.2  Dust cap......Page 193
5  CONCLUSIONS......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 196
4  THE LOCAL PEAK VALUE IN A CHART......Page 197
5  AN APPLICATION EXAMPLE......Page 198
6  EVALUATION OF THE COUNTERMEASURE......Page 199
REFERENCES......Page 200
Mine fires and explosions......Page 202
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 204
2  INITIAL OPERATIONS AND SAMPLING......Page 205
3  DESCRIPTION AND INSTALLATION OF INERTISATION UNIT......Page 206
4  INERTISATION UNIT OPERATION......Page 207
5  INERTISATION OF THE FIRE AREA......Page 208
6  MINE EXPLORATION AND RECOVERY......Page 209
7  CONCLUSIONS......Page 210
2.1  Experiment apparatus......Page 212
2.2  Results and discussion......Page 213
3  ACTUAL SURVEY IN COAL WASTE PILE......Page 214
3.2  Measurement method......Page 215
3.3  Measurement results and discussion......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 217
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 218
1.2 The effect of blasting fumes......Page 219
1.4 Field trial......Page 220
1.6 Analysis......Page 221
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 222
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 224
5.1 Full scale tests......Page 225
6 OPERATING VENTILATION......Page 226
8 CONTROL IN VENTILATION SYSTEMS......Page 228
REFERENCES......Page 229
Dust generation, transport and control......Page 232
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 234
2 SAMPLING INSTRUMENTS AND SURVEY TECHNIQUE......Page 235
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF DUST GENERATED BY SHOTS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING DUST CLUD VELOCITY......Page 236
4 CASE STUDIES......Page 237
4.1.1 Background......Page 238
4.1.2 Results of part A study......Page 239
4.1.3 Results of part B study......Page 240
4.2.2 Results of study: Day 1 and Day 2......Page 241
REFERENCES......Page 244
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 246
2.2 Understanding airflow through the scrubber......Page 247
3.1 Description......Page 248
3.2 Description of scrubber testing procedure......Page 249
4.4 Phase 2 studies—two spray system......Page 250
4.5 Phase 3 studies—modification of the surfactant spray system......Page 251
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 253
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 254
2 TEST DESIGN AND METHODS......Page 255
3.1.2 Dust scrubber evaluation......Page 257
3.2.1 Sprayfan evaluation......Page 258
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 260
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 262
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 263
4.2 Administrative controls......Page 264
REFERENCES......Page 265
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 266
2.1.2 Dust feeder......Page 267
3.3 Data analysis......Page 268
5.1 Concepts......Page 269
5.4 Phase I experimental results......Page 270
5.5 Phase II scrubber tests for mine 1 and mine 2......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 273
Strata gas and control......Page 276
2 EMISSION OF MINE GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE......Page 278
3 REASONS OF THE INCREASED EMISSION OF GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE......Page 279
4 EVALUATION OF THE INTENSITY OF GAS EMISSION INTO THE ATMOSPHERE......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 282
1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS......Page 284
2    MODEL RESEARCH—A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A GAS RESERVOIR......Page 285
3 A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF DELIVERING METHANE TO THE RESERVOIR......Page 286
REFERENCES......Page 287
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 290
3.1 Two-zone design......Page 291
3.3 One-zone design......Page 293
5 RESULTS......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 296
INTRODUCTION......Page 298
2.2 Post-mining methane drainage......Page 299
4.1 Methane drainage changes to commercial methane production......Page 300
6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 301
REFERENCES......Page 302
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 304
3.2 Radon flux......Page 305
4 RESULTS......Page 306
5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION......Page 307
REFERENCES......Page 308
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 310
2.1.1 Thermal flow-reversal reactor......Page 311
2.1.3 Energy conversion from a flow-reversal reactor......Page 312
2.2.4 Lean-fueled recuperated microturbine......Page 313
2.4 Concentrators......Page 314
4 ENERGY MARKETS......Page 315
6 COST ANALYSIS......Page 316
REFERENCES......Page 317
Face ventilation/case studies......Page 318
2 INTRODUCTION......Page 320
3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES......Page 322
3.2 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)......Page 323
4.1 Experimental data from scale modeling......Page 324
4.3 Discussion......Page 325
REFERENCES......Page 327
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 328
3 EXPOSURE STANDARDS......Page 329
4.4 Test results......Page 331
4.4.1 Calculations & results......Page 332
4.4.3 Re-entry times......Page 333
6 FURTHER RESEARCH......Page 335
REFERENCES......Page 336
2 DIESEL VENTILATION......Page 338
4 ANSWERING THE DIESEL QUESTION......Page 339
5 VENTILATION STRATEGIES USING LARGE AXI-VANE FANS......Page 341
REFERENCES......Page 344
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 346
2 FACTORS AFFECTING ON THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE HEADING FACE......Page 348
3 PROGRAM......Page 349
5.1 Leakage of a duct......Page 350
5.3 Wetness of the roadway......Page 351
5.5 Length of roadway......Page 352
REFERENCE......Page 353
2 TYPICAL AUXILIARY VENTILATION SYSTEMS......Page 354
4 FACE AIR VOLUME REQUIREMENTS......Page 356
6 VENTILATION TUBING AND TUBING SELECTION......Page 357
7 INSTALLATION PRACTICES......Page 359
8 PRACTICAL DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 360
REFERENCES......Page 361
3 MINE PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE VENTILATION......Page 362
6 VENTILATION CHARACTERISTICS PRIOR TO STUDY......Page 363
7 OVERHAULING THE VENTILATION SYSTEM......Page 364
8 PROPELLER FAN INSTALLATION......Page 365
9 MEASURED VENTILATION IMPROVEMENTS......Page 366
10 POTENTIAL ADDITIONAL VENTILATION IMPROVEMENTS......Page 367
REFERENCES......Page 368
3 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE......Page 370
4 BACKUP POWER SOURCE......Page 371
8 SUMMARY......Page 372
Advances, modeling and software......Page 374
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 376
4.1 Assumptions inherent with the air quantity estimator......Page 377
5 REQUIRED INPUT DATA......Page 378
6 PROGRAM OUTPUT......Page 379
8.1 Case study 1......Page 380
REFERENCES......Page 381
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 384
3 FIELD TESTING METHODOLOGY, PURPOSE AND RESULTS......Page 385
4 CFD MODELING......Page 386
6 CONCLUSION......Page 388
REFERENCES......Page 389
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 390
2.1 Drill testing......Page 392
3.1 Gravimetric dust sampling......Page 393
4.1 Site #1-drill......Page 394
4.2 Site #2-drill......Page 395
4.3 Site #2-shovel......Page 397
5 DISCUSSION......Page 398
REFERENCES......Page 399
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 402
2.3 Particle size analysis......Page 403
3.3 Limitations......Page 404
4.1 Description......Page 405
4.3.2 Experimental studies using mine water......Page 406
REFERENCES......Page 408
2.1 Identifying the beneficiaries within the canadian mining scene......Page 410
2.2.1 Current practice......Page 411
3.1 Cost analysis case-studies......Page 412
3.1.1 Cost/Energy reduction variance analysis......Page 414
3.1.2  Limiting factors......Page 416
4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 418
REFERENCES......Page 419
3 CHANGING STYLE OF LEGISLATION......Page 422
5 INTERNAL COMPANY STANDARDS AND THE “QUALITY ASSURANCE” TREND......Page 423
10 JOB INSECURITY; EARLY DEPARTURE FROM THE WORKFORCE; “CHURNING” OF THE WORKFORCE......Page 424
16 IMPROVED TRANSPORT; COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY CHANGES......Page 425
21 THE DEVELOPMENT OF “GLOBAL” MINING INDUSTRY AND “GLOBAL” MINING HOUSES......Page 426
25 CHANGES IN WORKERS EXPECTATIONS REGARDING HEALTH AND SAFETY, CONCEPTS OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY, PROFESSIONAL INDEMNITY INSURANCE......Page 427
30 THE GROWTH OF NON-MINING (CIVIL) UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS......Page 428
REFERENCE......Page 429
2 AIR LEAKAGE......Page 430
4 MINE VENTILATION AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS......Page 431
5.1 Modeling using VnetPC......Page 432
6 AMOLE DEWATERING DRIFTS......Page 433
6.1 Studies of air leakage using VnetPC......Page 434
6.2 Studies of air leakage using CFD......Page 435
7 CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS......Page 436
REFERENCES......Page 437
2 SENSOR TYPES......Page 438
3 MINE FIRE DETECTION METHODS......Page 439
6 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD......Page 440
7 RESULTS......Page 441
8 CONCLUSIONS......Page 443
REFERENCES......Page 444
2  METHODS OF INVESTIGATION......Page 446
5.1  Turquoise Ridge Project......Page 447
5.2  Deep Post mine......Page 448
5.3  Meikle-Rodeo mine......Page 449
5.4  Henderson mine......Page 450
5.5  Questa mine......Page 451
5.6  Galena mine......Page 452
5.7  Lucky Friday mine......Page 453
5.8  Avery Island mine......Page 454
6  SUMMARY......Page 455
REFERENCES......Page 456
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 458
2  EFFECTS OF FIRES ON MINE VENTILATION......Page 459
2.2.1  Local or roll back effect......Page 460
2.3  Case studies of Australian longwall development panels......Page 461
2.4  Modeling of fires......Page 462
3.2  Mine ventilation circuits and diagonal connections......Page 465
REFERENCES......Page 467
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 470
3  DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL COAL PROPERTIES AND SAMPLE PREPARATION......Page 471
4  THE DUST CHAMBER AND DUST MEASUREMENTS......Page 472
5  RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT AND THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS......Page 474
6.2  Recommendations......Page 475
REFERENCES......Page 476
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 478
2.3  Data acquisition......Page 479
2.4  Comparing readings from the two instruments......Page 480
2.5  Orientation of the anemometer......Page 481
REFERENCES......Page 483
1.1  Definition......Page 484
2.1  Incompressibility......Page 485
3.3  Flow boundary conditions......Page 486
5  RESULTS......Page 487
REFERENCES......Page 489
Case studies......Page 490
1  INTRODUCTION......Page 492
2.2  Airflows and methane generation......Page 493
3.2  Developments......Page 494
5  VENTILATION PROJECT......Page 495
6  VENTILATION SIMULATION......Page 496
7  METHANE......Page 497
10  CONCLUSIONS......Page 498
REFERENCES......Page 499
2  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE......Page 500
4.1  First model......Page 501
4.2  Second model......Page 502
5  PREDICTION MODEL......Page 503
7  SOME REFLEXIONS ABOUT THE FAN......Page 504
REFERENCES......Page 505
1  BACKGROUND ON PTFI......Page 506
2.1  GRS BC design overview......Page 507
2.2.1  Airflow requirements......Page 509
2.3  Ventilation modeling and infrastructure sizes......Page 510
2.4  Adits versus shafts design comparison......Page 512
3.2  Airflow control......Page 513
3.8  Mine fire......Page 514
REFERENCES......Page 515
2.1  General......Page 516
3.3  Operating rate analysis......Page 517
5.1  Results and observations......Page 518
5.3  Long-term improvements......Page 519
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 520
REFERENCES......Page 521
2.2  Worst-case scenario......Page 522
2.4  Fogtec system......Page 523
3.2  Test data......Page 524
3.3  Visual observations......Page 525
3.4.2  Temperature distribution......Page 526
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 527
1.1  Classification and harmfulness of dust......Page 528
1.3.1  Personal dust sampler......Page 529
2.2  Mineralogy and Petrography of the Guleman Chromite......Page 530
2.3.2  Gravimetric dust measurements......Page 531
3  ANALYSIS OF DUST CONCENTRATION......Page 532
4  CONCLUSIONS......Page 534
REFERENCES......Page 535
Author index......Page 536