MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB

MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®......Page 1
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 15
Limits of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty of Software......Page 17
1 The Wireless Channel: Propagation and Fading......Page 19
1.1.1 General Path Loss Model......Page 22
1.1.2 Okumura/Hata Model......Page 26
1.1.3 IEEE 802.16d Model......Page 28
1.2.1 Parameters for Small-Scale Fading......Page 33
1.2.2 Time-Dispersive vs. Frequency-Dispersive Fading......Page 34
1.2.3 Statistical Characterization and Generation of Fading Channel......Page 37
2.1 Indoor Channel Models......Page 43
2.1.1 General Indoor Channel Models......Page 44
2.1.2 IEEE 802.11 Channel Model......Page 46
2.1.3 Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) Channel Model......Page 48
2.1.4 UWB Channel Model......Page 53
2.2 Outdoor Channel Models......Page 58
2.2.1 FWGN Model......Page 59
2.2.2 Jakes Model......Page 68
2.2.3 Ray-Based Channel Model......Page 72
2.2.4 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel Model......Page 79
2.2.5 SUI Channel Model......Page 83
3.1 Statistical MIMO Model......Page 89
3.1.1 Spatial Correlation......Page 91
3.1.2 PAS Model......Page 94
3.2.1 Statistical Model of Correlated MIMO Fading Channel......Page 102
3.2.2 Generation of Correlated MIMO Channel Coefficients......Page 106
3.2.3 I-METRA MIMO Channel Model......Page 108
3.2.4 3GPP MIMO Channel Model......Page 112
3.3 SCM MIMO Channel Model......Page 115
3.3.1 SCM Link-Level Channel Parameters......Page 116
3.3.2 SCM Link-Level Channel Modeling......Page 120
3.3.3 Spatial Correlation of Ray-Based Channel Model......Page 123
4.1.1 Single-Carrier Transmission......Page 129
4.1.2 Multi-Carrier Transmission......Page 133
4.1.3 Single-Carrier vs. Multi-Carrier Transmission......Page 138
4.2.1 OFDM Modulation and Demodulation......Page 139
4.2.2 OFDM Guard Interval......Page 144
4.2.3 OFDM Guard Band......Page 150
4.2.4 BER of OFDM Scheme......Page 154
4.2.5 Water-Filling Algorithm for Frequency-Domain Link Adaptation......Page 157
4.3 Coded OFDM......Page 160
4.4 OFDMA: Multiple Access Extensions of OFDM......Page 161
4.4.1 Resource Allocation – Subchannel Allocation Types......Page 163
4.4.2 Resource Allocation – Subchannelization......Page 164
4.5 Duplexing......Page 168
5.1 Effect of STO......Page 171
5.2 Effect of CFO......Page 174
5.2.1 Effect of Integer Carrier Frequency Offset (IFO)......Page 177
5.2.2 Effect of Fractional Carrier Frequency Offset (FFO)......Page 178
5.3.1 Time-Domain Estimation Techniques for STO......Page 180
5.3.2 Frequency-Domain Estimation Techniques for STO......Page 186
5.4.1 Time-Domain Estimation Techniques for CFO......Page 188
5.4.2 Frequency-Domain Estimation Techniques for CFO......Page 191
5.5.1 Effect of Phase Offset in Sampling Clocks......Page 195
5.6 Compensation for Sampling Clock Offset......Page 196
5.7.1 Downlink Synchronization......Page 198
5.7.2 Uplink Synchronization......Page 201
6.1.1 Block Type......Page 205
6.1.2 Comb Type......Page 206
6.1.3 Lattice Type......Page 207
6.2.1 LS Channel Estimation......Page 208
6.2.2 MMSE Channel Estimation......Page 209
6.3 DFT-Based Channel Estimation......Page 213
6.5.1 Channel Estimation Using a Superimposed Signal......Page 217
6.5.2 Channel Estimation in Fast Time-Varying Channels......Page 219
6.5.3 EM Algorithm-Based Channel Estimation......Page 222
6.5.4 Blind Channel Estimation......Page 224
7.1 Introduction to PAPR......Page 227
7.1.1 Definition of PAPR......Page 228
7.1.2 Distribution of OFDM Signal......Page 234
7.1.3 PAPR and Oversampling......Page 236
7.1.4 Clipping and SQNR......Page 240
7.2.1 Clipping and Filtering......Page 242
7.2.2 PAPR Reduction Code......Page 249
7.2.3 Selective Mapping......Page 251
7.2.4 Partial Transmit Sequence......Page 252
7.2.5 Tone Reservation......Page 256
7.2.6 Tone Injection......Page 257
7.2.7 DFT Spreading......Page 259
8.1.1 Fractional Frequency Reuse......Page 269
8.1.2 Soft Frequency Reuse......Page 272
8.1.3 Flexible Fractional Frequency Reuse......Page 273
8.1.4 Dynamic Channel Allocation......Page 274
8.2.1 Cell-Specific Scrambling......Page 275
8.2.3 Frequency-Hopping OFDMA......Page 276
8.3.1 Interference Rejection Combining Technique......Page 278
8.3.2 IDMA Multiuser Detection......Page 280
9.1 Useful Matrix Theory......Page 281
9.2 Deterministic MIMO Channel Capacity......Page 283
9.2.1 Channel Capacity when CSI is Known to the Transmitter Side......Page 284
9.2.2 Channel Capacity when CSI is Not Available at the Transmitter Side......Page 288
9.2.3 Channel Capacity of SIMO and MISO Channels......Page 289
9.3 Channel Capacity of Random MIMO Channels......Page 290
10.1 Antenna Diversity......Page 299
10.1.1 Receive Diversity......Page 301
10.2.1 System Model......Page 305
10.2.2 Pairwise Error Probability......Page 307
10.2.3 Space-Time Code Design......Page 310
10.3.1 Alamouti Space-Time Code......Page 312
10.3.2 Generalization of Space-Time Block Coding......Page 316
10.3.3 Decoding for Space-Time Block Codes......Page 320
10.3.4 Space-Time Trellis Code......Page 325
11.1 Linear Signal Detection......Page 337
11.1.1 ZF Signal Detection......Page 338
11.1.2 MMSE Signal Detection......Page 339
11.2 OSIC Signal Detection......Page 340
11.3 ML Signal Detection......Page 345
11.4 Sphere Decoding Method......Page 347
11.5 QRM-MLD Method......Page 357
11.6 Lattice Reduction-Aided Detection......Page 362
11.6.1 Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) Algorithm......Page 363
11.6.2 Application of Lattice Reduction......Page 367
11.7 Soft Decision for MIMO Systems......Page 370
11.7.1 Log-Likelihood-Ratio (LLR) for SISO Systems......Page 371
11.7.2 LLR for Linear Detector-Based MIMO System......Page 376
11.7.3 LLR for MIMO System with a Candidate Vector Set......Page 379
11.7.4 LLR for MIMO System Using a Limited Candidate Vector Set......Page 382
Appendix 11.A Derivation of Equation (11.23)......Page 388
12.1 Channel Estimation on the Transmitter Side......Page 391
12.1.2 CSI Feedback......Page 392
12.2 Precoded OSTBC......Page 393
12.3 Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System......Page 399
12.4 Antenna Selection Techniques......Page 401
12.4.1 Optimum Antenna Selection Technique......Page 402
12.4.2 Complexity-Reduced Antenna Selection......Page 404
12.4.3 Antenna Selection for OSTBC......Page 408
13 Multi-User MIMO......Page 413
13.1 Mathematical Model for Multi-User MIMO System......Page 414
13.2 Channel Capacity of Multi-User MIMO System......Page 415
13.2.1 Capacity of MAC......Page 416
13.2.2 Capacity of BC......Page 417
13.3.1 Channel Inversion......Page 419
13.3.2 Block Diagonalization......Page 422
13.3.3 Dirty Paper Coding (DPC)......Page 426
13.3.4 Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding......Page 430
References......Page 437
Index......Page 449