Milestone Documents of American Leaders: Exploring the Primary Sources of Notable Americans

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Editorial and Production Staff......Page 10
Publisher’s Note......Page 11
Advisers and Contributors......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Reader’s Guide......Page 15
Introduction......Page 16
Teachers’ Activity Guides......Page 18
Entries......Page 33
Abigail Adams 1744–1818......Page 34
Letter to John Adams (1774)......Page 41
Letter to John Adams (1776)......Page 43
Letter to John Quincy Adams (1780)......Page 45
Letter to Lucy Cranch (1784)......Page 47
Letter to Thomas Boylston Adams (1796)......Page 49
John Adams 1735–1826......Page 52
“Letters of Novanglus” (1775)......Page 62
THOUGHTS ON GOVERNMENT (1776)......Page 64
THE REPORT OF A CONSTITUTION, OR FORM OF GOVERNMENT, FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS (1779)......Page 67
A DEFENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1787–1788)......Page 69
Inaugural Address (1797)......Page 72
John Quincy Adams 1767–1848......Page 76
Diary Entries on the Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)......Page 84
Diary Entries on the Monroe Doctrine (1823)......Page 86
First Annual Message to Congress (1825)......Page 87
Jubilee of the Constitution Address (1839)......Page 90
Congressional Debate over Motion for Censure (1842)......Page 93
Address to Constituents at Braintree (1842)......Page 94
Samuel Adams 1722–1803......Page 98
Instructions to Boston’s Representatives (1764)......Page 106
“CANDIDUS” (1771)......Page 108
Letter to James Warren (1776)......Page 110
Letter to Noah Webster (1784)......Page 111
Letter to Richard Henry Lee (1787)......Page 113
Massachusetts Ratifying Convention Speeches (1788)......Page 115
Address to the Massachusetts Legislature (1795)......Page 116
Jane Addams 1860–1935......Page 120
“The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements” (1892)......Page 128
“A Modern Lear” (1896)......Page 130
“Passing of the War Virtues” (1907)......Page 133
“Why Women Should Vote” (1910)......Page 136
Susan B. Anthony 1820–1906......Page 140
Letters concerning Casting a Vote in the 1872 Federal Election (1872–1873)......Page 149
“Is It a Crime for a Citizen of the United States to Vote?” (1873)......Page 151
“The Status of Woman, Past, Present, and Future” (1897)......Page 156
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)......Page 160
Ella Baker 1903–1986......Page 162
“Bigger than a Hamburger” (1960)......Page 169
“The Black Woman in the Civil Rights Struggle” (1969)......Page 171
“Developing Community Leadership” (1970)......Page 173
“Ella Baker: Organizing for Civil Rights” (1980)......Page 175
Hugo Black 1886–1971......Page 178
KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES (1944)......Page 186
ADAMSON V. CALIFORNIA (1947)......Page 189
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. V. SAWYER (1952)......Page 193
GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963)......Page 195
GRISWOLD V. CONNECTICUT (1965)......Page 197
Harry Blackmun 1908–1999......Page 202
ROE V. WADE (1973)......Page 210
BEAL V. DOE (1977)......Page 216
BOWERS V. HARDWICK (1986)......Page 217
DESHANEY V. WINNEBAGO COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES (1989)......Page 219
CALLINS V. COLLINS (1994)......Page 220
Louis D. Brandeis 1856–1941......Page 222
“The Opportunity in the Law” (1905)......Page 231
“The Greatest Life Insurance Wrong” (1906)......Page 233
“The Jewish Problem: How to Solve It” (1915)......Page 236
WHITNEY V. CALIFORNIA (1927)......Page 238
OLMSTEAD V. UNITED STATES (1928)......Page 240
William J. Brennan, Jr. 1906–1997......Page 244
BAKER V. CARR (1962)......Page 252
NEW YORK TIMES CO. V. SULLIVAN (1964)......Page 254
CRAIG V. BOREN (1976)......Page 256
TEXAS V. JOHNSON (1989)......Page 258
William Jennings Bryan 1860–1925......Page 264
Speech to Congress on Tariff Reform (1892)......Page 272
“Cross of Gold” Speech (1896)......Page 274
Speech at the Scopes Trial (1925)......Page 277
James Buchanan 1791–1868......Page 282
Remarks to Congress on Slavery (1836)......Page 289
Inaugural Address (1857)......Page 291
Fourth Annual Message to Congress (1860)......Page 293
Warren E. Burger 1907–1995......Page 298
Unknown......Page 0
BIVENS V. SIX UNKNOWN NAMED AGENTS OF THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF NARCOTICS (1971)......Page 305
UNITED STATES V. NIXON (1974)......Page 307
MILLIKEN V. BRADLEY (1974)......Page 310
Aaron Burr 1756–1836......Page 314
Farewell Address to the U.S. Senate (1805)......Page 321
Deciphered Letter to General James Wilkinson (1806)......Page 323
Address to the Court on Innocence of Treason (1807)......Page 325
Motion to the Court to Limit Prosecution Evidence (1807)......Page 327
THE PRIVATE JOURNAL OF AARON BURR (1808–1812)......Page 330
George W. Bush 1946–......Page 334
Remarks on Signing the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (2001)......Page 342
Address on the Terrorist Attacks of September 11 (2001)......Page 344
Second State of the Union Address (2002)......Page 346
Address to the Nation on Military Operations in Iraq (2003)......Page 348
Second Inaugural Address (2005)......Page 349
Robert C. Byrd 1917–......Page 352
Line-Item Veto Speech XIV (1993)......Page 359
“We Stand Passively Mute” Speech (2003)......Page 364
“The Emperor Has No Clothes” Speech (2003)......Page 366
John C. Calhoun 1782–1850......Page 370
“On the Second Resolution Reported by the Committee on Foreign Relations” (1811)......Page 379
“On the Relation Which the States and General Government Bear to Each Other” (1831)......Page 381
“To the People of the United States” (1832)......Page 383
“On the Reception of Abolition Petitions” (1837)......Page 385
“On His Resolutions in Reference to the War with Mexico” (1848)......Page 387
“On the Slavery Question” (1850)......Page 389
Salmon P. Chase 1808–1873......Page 392
RECLAMATION OF FUGITIVES FROM SERVICE (1847)......Page 400
“Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States” (1854)......Page 403
TEXAS V. WHITE (1869)......Page 406
César Chávez 1927–1993......Page 410
The Plan of Delano (1966)......Page 418
Address to the Seventh Constitutional Convention of the United Farm Workers of America (1984)......Page 421
Wrath of Grapes Speech (1986)......Page 424
Shirley Chisholm 1924–2005......Page 428
Speech in Favor of the Equal Rights Amendment (1970)......Page 435
Announcement of Candidacy for the Democratic Nomination for President (1972)......Page 437
“The Black Woman in Contemporary America” (1974)......Page 439
Henry Clay 1777–1852......Page 444
Speech on the Bill to Raise an Additional Military Force (1813)......Page 452
Speech on South American Independence (1818)......Page 456
Letter to the Editors of the WASHINGTON NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER on Texas Annexation (1844)......Page 458
Remarks on the Compromise of 1850 Resolutions (1850)......Page 460
Grover Cleveland 1837–1908......Page 464
First Inaugural Address (1885)......Page 471
“Principles above Spoils” Letter (1890)......Page 473
Special Session Message to Congress on the Economic Crisis (1893)......Page 474
Message to Congress on Hawaiian Sovereignty (1893)......Page 476
Fourth Annual Message to Congress (1896)......Page 478
Bill Clinton 1946–......Page 482
First Inaugural Address (1993)......Page 491
Remarks on Signing the North American Free Trade Agreement (1993)......Page 493
Remarks on Signing the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996)......Page 495
Remarks at Annual Prayer Breakfast (1998)......Page 497
Farewell Address (2001)......Page 498
Jefferson Davis 1808–1889......Page 502
Resolutions to the U.S. Senate on the Relations of States (1860)......Page 509
Farewell Address to the U.S. Senate (1861)......Page 511
Preface to THE RISE AND FALL OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT (1881)......Page 514
Eugene V. Debs 1855–1926......Page 518
“Liberty” (1895)......Page 525
“How I Became a Socialist” (1902)......Page 527
Speech to the Founding Convention of the Industrial Workers of the World (1905)......Page 529
Antiwar Speech (1918)......Page 531
Everett Dirksen 1896–1969......Page 536
Observations on His Sixty-eighth Birth Anniversary (1964)......Page 543
Good Government Award Acceptance Speech (1964)......Page 545
“An Idea Whose Time Has Come” Speech (1964)......Page 547
Definition of Freedom (ca. 1965)......Page 550
Final Spring Address (1969)......Page 551
Stephen A. Douglas 1813–1861......Page 554
Speech Defending the Compromise of 1850 (1850)......Page 562
First Speech of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)......Page 566
William O. Douglas 1898–1980......Page 570
DENNIS V. UNITED STATES (1951)......Page 579
MAPP V. OHIO (1961)......Page 582
GRISWOLD V. CONNECTICUT (1965)......Page 584
SIERRA CLUB V. MORTON (1972)......Page 586
FURMAN V. GEORGIA (1972)......Page 588
Frederick Douglass 1818–1895......Page 594
NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1845)......Page 604
Letter “To My Old Master” (1848)......Page 607
“What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” Speech (1852)......Page 610
“Our National Capital” Lecture (1877)......Page 612
W. E. B. Du Bois 1868–1963......Page 616
“Strivings of the Negro People” (1897)......Page 624
“The Parting of the Ways” (1904)......Page 627
“Agitation” (1910)......Page 629
“Returning Soldiers” (1919)......Page 630
“Marxism and the Negro Problem” (1933)......Page 631
Allen Dulles 1893–1969......Page 634
“The Present Situation in Germany” (1945)......Page 642
Television Interview on the Soviets’ Intentions (1956)......Page 645
Address on the Soviet Military Threat (1959)......Page 647
John Foster Dulles 1888–1959......Page 652
Radio and Television Address on Communism in Guatemala (1954)......Page 661
Address to the United Nations on the Suez Crisis (1956)......Page 664
Address on U.S. Policy toward Communist China (1957)......Page 666
News Conference on U.S. Relations with Latin American Nations (1958)......Page 668
Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969......Page 672
First Inaugural Address (1953)......Page 682
“Cross of Iron” Speech (1953)......Page 684
Atoms for Peace Speech (1953)......Page 686
Special Address to Congress on the Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)......Page 688
Second Inaugural Address (1957)......Page 690
Farewell Address (1961)......Page 692
Stephen J. Field 1816–1899......Page 694
CUMMINGS V. MISSOURI (1867)......Page 701
MUNN V. ILLINOIS (1876)......Page 704
HO AH KOW V. NUNAN (1879)......Page 706
“The Centenary of the Supreme Court of the United States” (1890)......Page 709
Felix Frankfurter 1882–1965......Page 712
MINERSVILLE SCHOOL DISTRICT V. GOBITIS (1940)......Page 721
COLEGROVE V. GREEN (1946)......Page 725
COOPER V. AARON (1958)......Page 727
GOMILLION V. LIGHTFOOT (1960)......Page 729
Benjamin Franklin 1706–1790......Page 734
“A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America” (1743)......Page 744
“Exporting of Felons to the Colonies” (1751)......Page 746
“The Way to Wealth” (1758)......Page 748
“Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One” (1773)......Page 750
“The Sale of the Hessians” (1777)......Page 752
Speech at the Conclusion of the Constitutional Convention (1787)......Page 754
“An Address to the Public” (1789)......Page 756
AUTOBIOGRAPHY (1771–1790)......Page 757
Margaret Fuller 1810–1850......Page 760
“A Short Essay on Critics” (1840)......Page 767
SUMMER ON THE LAKES, IN 1843 (1844)......Page 769
WOMAN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (1845)......Page 771
William Lloyd Garrison 1805–1879......Page 776
“To the Public” (1831)......Page 784
“The Triumph of Mobocracy in Boston” (1835)......Page 786
“Declaration of Sentiments Adopted by the Peace Convention” (1838)......Page 788
“Address to the Friends of Freedom and Emancipation in the United States” (1844)......Page 789
Speech Relating to the Execution of John Brown (1859)......Page 791
Valedictory Editorial (1865)......Page 793
Elbridge Gerry 1744–1814......Page 796
Letter to the Massachusetts Legislature on the U.S. Constitution (1787)......Page 805
First Reply to “A Landholder” (1788)......Page 807
Second Reply to “A Landholder” (1788)......Page 808
Letter to the Electors of Middlesex (1788)......Page 811
Speech on Paying Revolutionary War Debts (1790)......Page 812
Ruth Bader Ginsburg 1933–......Page 816
UNITED STATES V. VIRGINIA (1996)......Page 823
FRIENDS OF THE EARTH, INC. ET AL. V. LAIDLAW ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. (2000)......Page 826
STENBERG, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEBRASKA, ET AL. V. CARHART (2000)......Page 829
ELDRED V. ASHCROFT (2003)......Page 830
Emma Goldman 1869–1940......Page 834
“Anarchism: What It Really Stands For” (1917)......Page 842
“The Psychology of Political Violence” (1917)......Page 844
“Marriage and Love” (1917)......Page 847
Speech against Conscription and War (1917)......Page 849
Barry Goldwater 1909–1998......Page 852
Acceptance Speech for the Presidential Nomination of the Republican Party (1964)......Page 860
Address to the Republican National Convention (1984)......Page 865
Samuel Gompers 1850–1924......Page 868
Address to Workers in Louisville, Kentucky (1890)......Page 876
Editorial on the Pullman Strike (1894)......Page 878
Editorial on the Supreme Court Ruling in the Danbury Hatters’ Case (1908)......Page 880
Circular to the Organizers of the American Federation of Labor (1915)......Page 882
Address to the Annual Meeting of the National Civic Federation (1916)......Page 884
Al Gore 1948–......Page 888
High-Performance Computing Act of 1991......Page 896
“From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less” (1993)......Page 898
Address to the 1996 Democratic National Convention......Page 899
2000 Concession Speech......Page 903
Billy Graham 1918–......Page 906
“The Flame of Political Dilemma” (1965)......Page 913
“The Coming Storm” (1981)......Page 915
“The Winds of Change” (1992)......Page 918
“When Life Turns against Us” (2006)......Page 920
“A Final Word from Billy Graham” (2006)......Page 922
Ulysses S. Grant 1822–1885......Page 924
Letter to William Tecumseh Sherman (1864)......Page 933
Final Report of Military Operations (1865)......Page 935
First Inaugural Address (1869)......Page 936
Special Message to Congress Announcing Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment (1870)......Page 937
Sixth Annual Message to Congress (1874)......Page 938
Special Message to the Senate on Unrest in Louisiana (1875)......Page 940
Letter to Daniel H. Chamberlain (1876)......Page 944
Alexander Hamilton ca. 1755–1804......Page 946
Federalist 84 (1788)......Page 953
“First Report on Public Credit” (1790)......Page 956
“Against an Alliance with France” (1794)......Page 959
Letter to Harrison Gray Otis on Westward Expansion (1799)......Page 961
John Hancock 1737–1793......Page 964
Boston Massacre Oration (1774)......Page 971
Address to the Ratification Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1788)......Page 977
Address to the General Court of Boston (1788)......Page 979
John Marshall Harlan 1833–1911......Page 982
Civil Rights Cases (1883)......Page 990
HURTADO V. CALIFORNIA (1884)......Page 994
POLLOCK V. FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST CO. (1895)......Page 996
PLESSY V. FERGUSON (1896)......Page 998
Patrick Henry 1736–1799......Page 1002
Resolutions in Opposition to the Stamp Act (1765)......Page 1010
Letter to Robert Pleasants, a Quaker, Concerning Slavery (1773)......Page 1011
Speech to the First Continental Congress (1774)......Page 1012
Speech to the Virginia Revolutionary Convention in Opposition to the Intolerable Acts (1775)......Page 1013
Speech to the Virginia Convention Opposing the Constitution (1788)......Page 1015
Election Speech at Charlotte Court House (1799)......Page 1018
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. 1841–1935......Page 1020
“Early Forms of Liability” (1881)......Page 1029
LOCHNER V. NEW YORK (1905)......Page 1033
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919)......Page 1034
ABRAMS V. UNITED STATES (1919)......Page 1036
BUCK V. BELL (1927)......Page 1038
Herbert Hoover 1874–1964......Page 1042
“Rugged Individualism” Campaign Speech (1928)......Page 1051
Inaugural Address (1929)......Page 1054
Kellogg-Briand Pact Proclamation (1929)......Page 1056
Annual Message to Congress (1931)......Page 1058
“The Consequences of the Proposed New Deal” (1932)......Page 1060
J. Edgar Hoover 1885–1972......Page 1064
Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1947)......Page 1072
Letter to Harry Truman’s Special Consultant, Sidney Souers (1950)......Page 1075
Memo on the Leak of Vietnam War Information (1965)......Page 1077
Memo on Martin Luther King (1965)......Page 1078
Memo on Abbott Howard Hoffman (1970)......Page 1079
Charles Hamilton Houston 1895–1950......Page 1082
“Educational Inequalities Must Go!” (1935)......Page 1089
MISSOURI EX REL GAINES V. CANADA (1938)......Page 1093
HURD V. HODGE (1948)......Page 1095
Sam Houston 1793–1863......Page 1100
Inaugural Address as President of the Republic of Texas (1836)......Page 1107
Speech Supporting the Compromise of 1850 (1850)......Page 1108
Speech Opposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)......Page 1110
Speech on Refusal to Take the Oath of Loyalty to the Confederacy (1861)......Page 1113
Andrew Jackson 1767–1845......Page 1116
Proclamation Regarding the Opening of U.S. Ports to British Vessels (1830)......Page 1125
Second Annual Message to Congress (1830)......Page 1126
Veto of the Bill to Limit the Power of the Bank of the United States (1832)......Page 1128
Proclamation to the People of South Carolina Regarding Nullification (1832)......Page 1131
Jesse Jackson 1941–......Page 1136
“The Struggle Continues” (1988)......Page 1143
“The Fight for Civil Rights Continues” (2005)......Page 1146
Robert H. Jackson 1892–1954......Page 1150
“The Federal Prosecutor” (1940)......Page 1158
WEST VIRGINIA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION V. BARNETTE (1943)......Page 1160
Opening Statement before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany (1945)......Page 1162
Closing Statement before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany (1946)......Page 1164
John Jay 1745–1829......Page 1168
Letter to George Washington (1779)......Page 1175
“Circular-Letter from Congress to Their Constituents” (1779)......Page 1176
Federalist 2–5 and 64 (1787–1788)......Page 1177
“Charge to the Grand Juries” (1790)......Page 1181
Draft of the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)......Page 1182
Thomas Jefferson 1743–1826......Page 1186
Declaration of Independence (1776)......Page 1196
The Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom (1786)......Page 1199
First Inaugural Address (1801)......Page 1201
Second Inaugural Address (1805)......Page 1204
Andrew Johnson 1808-1875......Page 1208
First Annual Message to Congress......Page 1215
Veto of the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill......Page 1218
Veto of the Civil Rights Act......Page 1220
Lyndon Baines Johnson 1908–1973......Page 1224
Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Assuming the Presidency (1963)......Page 1232
Commencement Address at the University of Michigan (1964)......Page 1235
Remarks on the Gulf of Tonkin Incident (1964)......Page 1238
Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Civil Rights (1965)......Page 1240
Barbara Jordan 1936–1996......Page 1244
“The Constitutional Basis for Impeachment”......Page 1252
“Who Then Will Speak for the Common Good?” (1976)......Page 1255
“Change: From What to What?” (1992)......Page 1258
George F. Kennan 1904–2005......Page 1262
The “Long Telegram” (1946)......Page 1270
“The Sources of Soviet Conduct” (1947)......Page 1272
“PPS/23: Review of Current Trends in U.S. Foreign Policy” (1948)......Page 1274
“Introducing Eugene McCarthy” (1968)......Page 1276
“A Modest Proposal” (1981)......Page 1278
John F. Kennedy 1917–1963......Page 1282
Inaugural Address (1961)......Page 1290
Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba (1962)......Page 1292
Report to the American People on Civil Rights (1963)......Page 1295
Robert F. Kennedy 1925–1968......Page 1300
Tribute to John F. Kennedy at the Democratic National Convention (1964)......Page 1307
Day of Affirmation Address at the University of Cape Town (1966)......Page 1309
Address at the University of California, Berkeley (1966)......Page 1312
Remarks on the Death of Martin Luther King (1968)......Page 1314
Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929–1968......Page 1316
“Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (1963)......Page 1326
“I Have a Dream” Speech (1963)......Page 1330
Speech in Opposition to the Vietnam War (1967)......Page 1333
Robert La Follette 1855–1925......Page 1338
Speech on the Amendment of National Banking Laws (1908)......Page 1346
Speech Opposing War with Germany (1917)......Page 1349
Platform of the Conference for Progressive Political Action (1924)......Page 1352
Robert E. Lee 1807–1870......Page 1356
Letter to Mary Lee (1856)......Page 1364
Letter to Custis Lee (1861)......Page 1365
Letter to Jefferson Davis (1862)......Page 1366
Letter to Jefferson Davis (1863)......Page 1367
Letter to Jefferson Davis (1864)......Page 1369
Letter to Andrew Hunter (1865)......Page 1371
General Order No. 9 (1865)......Page 1373
Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865......Page 1376
“House Divided” Speech (1858)......Page 1385
First Inaugural Address (1861)......Page 1390
Gettysburg Address (1863)......Page 1395
Second Inaugural Address (1865)......Page 1396
Henry Cabot Lodge 1850–1924......Page 1398
Speech on the Retention of the Philippine Islands (1900)......Page 1406
Speech on Mexico (1915)......Page 1408
Speech on President Woodrow Wilson’s Plan for a World Peace (1917)......Page 1410
Speech Opposing the League of Nations (1919)......Page 1412
Huey Long 1893–1935......Page 1416
“Every Man a King” Address (1934)......Page 1423
“Share Our Wealth” Address (1935)......Page 1426
“Our Growing Calamity” Address (1935)......Page 1429
James Madison 1751–1836......Page 1434
“Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments” (1785)......Page 1445
Speech on the New Jersey Plan to the Constitutional Convention (1787)......Page 1448
Federalist 10 (1787)......Page 1450
Speech to the House of Representatives Proposing a Bill of Rights (1789)......Page 1452
Virginia Resolutions (1798)......Page 1455
“Advice to My Country” (1834)......Page 1456
Malcolm X 1925–1965......Page 1458
“Message to the Grass Roots” (1963)......Page 1466
“The Ballot or the Bullet” Speech (1964)......Page 1470
George Marshall 1880–1959......Page 1476
Speech to the American Historical Association on the National Organization for War (1939)......Page 1483
Speech to the Graduating Class of the U.S. Military Academy (1942)......Page 1485
Washington’s Birthday Remarks at Princeton University (1947)......Page 1487
Marshall Plan Speech (1947)......Page 1489
Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech (1953)......Page 1491
John Marshall 1755–1835......Page 1494
MARBURY V. MADISON (1803)......Page 1504
MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819)......Page 1508
GIBBONS V. OGDEN (1824)......Page 1511
Thurgood Marshall 1908–1993......Page 1516
GRAYNED V. CITY OF ROCKFORD (1972)......Page 1524
FURMAN V. GEORGIA (1972)......Page 1526
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA V. BAKKE (1978)......Page 1528
George Mason 1725–1792......Page 1534
Letter to the Committee of Merchants in London (1766)......Page 1542
Fairfax County Resolves (1774)......Page 1545
Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)......Page 1547
“Objections to This Constitution of Government” (1787)......Page 1549
Joseph McCarthy 1908–1957......Page 1552
“Enemies from Within” Speech (1950)......Page 1560
Telegram to President Harry S. Truman (1950)......Page 1562
Letter to President Dwight Eisenhower (1953)......Page 1563
William McKinley 1843–1901......Page 1566
Message to Congress about Intervention in Cuba (1898)......Page 1574
“Benevolent Assimilation” Proclamation (1898)......Page 1577
Home Market Club Speech (1899)......Page 1579
Last Speech (1901)......Page 1581
James Monroe 1758–1831......Page 1584
Address to the National Convention of France (1794)......Page 1592
Second Annual Message to Congress (1818)......Page 1593
Second Inaugural Address (1821)......Page 1595
Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1823)......Page 1597
Special Message to the Senate on the Slave Trade Convention with Great Britain (1824)......Page 1599
Richard M. Nixon 1913–1994......Page 1602
“Checkers” Speech (1952)......Page 1609
“Kitchen” Debate with Nikita Khrushchev (1959)......Page 1612
Resignation Address to the Nation (1974)......Page 1614
Sandra Day O’Connor 1930–......Page 1618
WEBSTER V. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES (1989)......Page 1627
METRO BROADCASTING, INC. V. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (1990)......Page 1629
ZELMAN V. SIMMONS-HARRIS (2002)......Page 1633
GRUTTER V. BOLLINGER (2003)......Page 1635
J. Robert Oppenheimer 1904–1967......Page 1640
Memorandum to Brigadier General Thomas Farrell on the Radiological Dangers of a Nuclear Detonation (1945)......Page 1648
A Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy (1946)......Page 1649
General Advisory Committee’s Report on the Building of the H-Bomb (1949)......Page 1652
Thomas Paine 1737–1809......Page 1658
THE CRISIS, No. 1 (1776)......Page 1665
THE CRISIS, No. 4 (1777)......Page 1670
Ely Parker 1828–1895......Page 1674
Report on Indian Affairs to the War Department (1867)......Page 1680
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1869)......Page 1684
Letter of Resignation as Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1871)......Page 1687
Letter to Harriet Maxwell Converse about Indian Policy Reform (1885)......Page 1688
Alice Paul 1885–1977......Page 1692
Testimony before the House Judiciary Committee (1915)......Page 1699
Equal Rights Amendment (1921)......Page 1702
“Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights Amendment” (1972–1973)......Page 1703
Frances Perkins 1880–1965......Page 1708
“Social Insurance for U.S.” Radio Address (1935)......Page 1718
“What You Really Want Is an Autopsy”: Opening Remarks to the Tristate Silicosis Conference (1940)......Page 1722
“City Diets and Democracy” (1941)......Page 1724
“Three Decades: A History of the Department of Labor” (1943)......Page 1727
Wendell Phillips 1811–1884......Page 1730
“The Murder of Lovejoy” (1837)......Page 1738
“The Philosophy of the Abolition Movement” (1853)......Page 1739
“Crispus Attucks” (1858)......Page 1741
“The Puritan Principle and John Brown” (1859)......Page 1742
“Under the Flag” (1861)......Page 1743
“The Foundation of the Labor Movement” (1871)......Page 1745
James Polk 1795–1849......Page 1748
Inaugural Address (1845)......Page 1756
Message to Congress on War with Mexico (1846)......Page 1759
Farewell Message to Congress (1848)......Page 1762
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. 1908–1972......Page 1766
Speech on Civil Rights (1955)......Page 1774
“Black Power: A Form of Godly Power” (1967)......Page 1777
“Black Power and the Future of Black America” (1971)......Page 1779
Colin Powell 1937–......Page 1784
“U.S. Forces: Challenges Ahead” (1992/1993)......Page 1791
Remarks to the United Nations Security Council (2003)......Page 1795
Opening Remarks on Intelligence Reform before the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee (2004)......Page 1798
Ronald Reagan 1911–2004......Page 1802
“A Time for Choosing” Speech (1964)......Page 1812
Remarks at the Republican National Convention (1976)......Page 1815
First Inaugural Address (1981)......Page 1817
“Evil Empire” Speech (1983)......Page 1819
Letter to the American People about Alzheimer’s Disease (1994)......Page 1822
William Rehnquist 1924–2005......Page 1824
ROE V. WADE (1973)......Page 1831
UNITED STATES V. LOPEZ (1995)......Page 1833
GEORGE W. BUSH ET AL. V. ALBERT GORE, JR., ET AL. (2000)......Page 1834
Walter Reuther 1907–1970......Page 1840
“500 Planes a Day” Speech (1940)......Page 1848
National Hour Radio Address on Inflation (1946)......Page 1851
“The Guaranteed Annual Wage” Address (1955)......Page 1852
Address before the Annual Convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1957)......Page 1854
Address before the Berlin Freedom Rally (1959)......Page 1856
Condoleezza Rice 1954–......Page 1860
Address to the Republican National Convention (2000)......Page 1867
“International Support for Iraqi Democracy” (2005)......Page 1869
“Transformational Diplomacy” (2006)......Page 1871
Keynote Address at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum (2008)......Page 1874
Eleanor Roosevelt 1884–1962......Page 1878
“Women Must Learn to Play the Game as Men Do” (1928)......Page 1888
Resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution (1939)......Page 1891
“The Struggle for Human Rights” (1948)......Page 1892
Remarks at the United Nations concerning Human Rights (1958)......Page 1897
Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882–1945......Page 1900
First Inaugural Address (1933)......Page 1909
“Four Freedoms” Message to Congress (1941)......Page 1911
“Second Bill of Rights” Message to Congress (1944)......Page 1915
Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919......Page 1920
Letter to Oliver Wendell Holmes (1903)......Page 1931
Special Message to Congress (1908)......Page 1933
THEODORE ROOSEVELT: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY (1913)......Page 1936
Statements Pertaining to Conservation (1903–1916)......Page 1937
Speech to the New York Republican State Convention (1918)......Page 1939
John Ross 1790–1866......Page 1942
Memorial to Congress (1829)......Page 1951
Letter to David Crockett (1831)......Page 1953
Annual Message to the Cherokee Nation (1832)......Page 1954
Letter to Martin Van Buren (1837)......Page 1956
Address to the Cherokee Nation (1838)......Page 1959
Address to a General Council of the Cherokee Nation (1839)......Page 1960
Margaret Sanger 1879–1966......Page 1962
“Sexual Impulse—Part II” (1912)......Page 1970
“The Prevention of Conception” (1914)......Page 1973
Hotel Brevoort Speech (1916)......Page 1974
“Birth Control and Racial Betterment” (1919)......Page 1976
William Henry Seward 1801–1872......Page 1980
Speech on the Admission of California to Statehood (1850)......Page 1988
Speech on the “Irrepressible Conflict” (1858)......Page 1992
Memorandum to President Abraham Lincoln (1861)......Page 1994
Roger Sherman 1721–1793......Page 1996
“A Caveat against Injustice; or, An Inquiry into the Evils of a Fluctuating Medium of Exchange” (1752)......Page 2003
“Letters of a Countryman” (November 14, 1787)......Page 2007
“Letters of a Countryman” (November 22, 1787)......Page 2008
Al Smith 1873–1944......Page 2012
Address of Acceptance of the Democratic Presidential Nomination (1928)......Page 2020
Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815–1902......Page 2028
Declaration of Sentiments (1848)......Page 2035
Address to the New York Legislature (1854)......Page 2037
Speech for the Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1860)......Page 2040
“Solitude of Self” (1892)......Page 2042
Joseph Story 1779–1845......Page 2046
Letter to Samuel P. P. Fay as “Matthew Bramble” (1807)......Page 2055
UNITED STATES V. COOLIDGE (1813)......Page 2057
“Privileges of Citizens—Fugitives—Slaves” (1833)......Page 2061
Robert A. Taft 1889–1953......Page 2064
“Equal Justice under Law: The Heritage of the English-Speaking Peoples and Their Responsibility” (1946)......Page 2072
“The Sound Basis for Federal Aid to Education” (1947)......Page 2075
“The Place of the President and Congress in Foreign Policy” (1951)......Page 2077
Roger B. Taney 1777–1864......Page 2082
CHARLES RIVER BRIDGE V. WARREN BRIDGE (1837)......Page 2091
License Cases (1847)......Page 2093
DRED SCOTT V. SANDFORD (1857)......Page 2096
Tecumseh 1768–1813......Page 2100
Speech to Governor William Henry Harrison at Fort Vincennes (1810)......Page 2107
Speech to Major General Henry Procter at Fort Malden (1813)......Page 2109
Strom Thurmond 1902–2003......Page 2112
Keynote Address at the States’ Rights Democratic Conference (1948)......Page 2119
Southern Manifesto (1956)......Page 2124
Harry S. Truman 1884–1972......Page 2128
Statement Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb on Hiroshima (1945)......Page 2136
Truman Doctrine Address to Congress (1947)......Page 2138
Address to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1947)......Page 2140
Inaugural Address (1949)......Page 2142
Report to the American People on Korea (1951)......Page 2144
Earl Warren 1891–1974......Page 2148
BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA (1954)......Page 2158
REYNOLDS V. SIMS (1964)......Page 2161
Warren Commission Report (1964)......Page 2164
MIRANDA V. ARIZONA (1966)......Page 2166
Booker T. Washington 1856–1915......Page 2170
Atlanta Exposition Address (1895)......Page 2178
“Statement on Suffrage” (1903)......Page 2180
“A Protest against Lynching” (1904)......Page 2181
Letter to William Howard Taft (1908)......Page 2182
Letter to C. Elias Winston (1914)......Page 2184
George Washington 1732–1799......Page 2188
Address to Congress on Resigning His Commission (1783)......Page 2199
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)......Page 2200
Farewell Address (1796)......Page 2201
Daniel Webster 1782–1852......Page 2210
Second Reply to Robert Hayne (1830)......Page 2218
Speech to the Senate on the Preservation of the Union (1850)......Page 2221
Ida B. Wells 1862–1931......Page 2226
“Eight Men Lynched” (1892)......Page 2233
THE RED RECORD (1895)......Page 2234
“Lynching and the Excuse for It” (1901)......Page 2236
“Booker T. Washington and His Critics” (1904)......Page 2238
“Lynching: Our National Crime” (1909)......Page 2240
Woodrow Wilson 1856–1924......Page 2244
Address at Gettysburg (1913)......Page 2254
Address to a Joint Session of Congress on Trusts and Monopolies (1914)......Page 2256
Address in Support of a World League for Peace (1917)......Page 2258
Second Inaugural Address (1917)......Page 2260
War Message to Congress (1917)......Page 2262
Fourteen Points Speech (1918)......Page 2264
Victoria Woodhull 1838–1927......Page 2268
Lecture on Constitutional Equality (1871)......Page 2276
“‘And the Truth Shall Make You Free’: A Speech on the Principles of Social Freedom” (1871)......Page 2279
Brigham Young 1801–1877......Page 2284
Sermon on Mormon Governance (1859)......Page 2291
Sermon on Race and Slavery (1859)......Page 2296
Correspondence and Diaries......Page 2300
Essays, Reports, and Manifestos......Page 2301
Legal......Page 2303
Military......Page 2304
Speeches/Addresses......Page 2306
Subject Index......Page 2311