Milestone Documents in African American History: Exploring the Essential Primary Sources

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Editorial and Production Staff......Page 10
Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Reader’s Guide......Page 14
Introduction......Page 15
1619 - 1852......Page 20
John Rolfe’s Letter to Sir Edwin Sandys......Page 22
Virginia’s Act XII: Negro Women’s Children to Serve according to the Condition of the Mother......Page 36
Virginia’s Act III: Baptism Does Not Exempt Slaves from Bondage......Page 46
“A Minute against Slavery, Addressed to Germantown Monthly Meeting”......Page 56
John Woolman’s Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes......Page 66
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation......Page 82
Petition of Prince Hall and Other African Americans to the Massachusetts General Court......Page 92
Pennsylvania: An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery......Page 104
Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia......Page 116
Slavery Clauses in the U.S. Constitution......Page 132
Benjamin Banneker’s Letter to Thomas Jefferson......Page 150
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793......Page 160
Richard Allen: “An Address to Those Who Keep Slaves, and Approve the Practice”......Page 170
Prince Hall: A Charge Delivered to the African Lodge......Page 182
Ohio Black Code......Page 194
Peter Williams, Jr.’s “Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade”......Page 206
Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm’s First Freedom’s Journal Editorial......Page 220
David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the world......Page 232
State v. Mann......Page 250
William Lloyd Garrison’s First Liberator Editorial......Page 262
The Confessions of Nat Turner......Page 274
United States v. Amistad......Page 290
Prigg v. Pennsylvania......Page 304
Henry Highland Garnet: “An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America”......Page 326
William Wells Brown’s “Slavery As It Is”......Page 340
First Editorial of the North Star......Page 358
Roberts v. City of Boston......Page 370
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850......Page 386
Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown, Written by Himself......Page 400
Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?”......Page 414
Frederick Douglass’s “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”......Page 424
Martin Delany: The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States......Page 444
1853 - 1900......Page 461
Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup......Page 464
Dred Scott v. Sandford......Page 476
John S. Rock’s “Whenever the Colored Man Is Elevated, It Will Be by His Own Exertions”......Page 516
Virginia Slave Code......Page 528
Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl......Page 542
Osborne P. Anderson: A Voice from Harper’s Ferry......Page 554
Emancipation Proclamation......Page 572
Frederick Douglass: “Men of Color, To Arms!”......Page 584
War Department General Order 143......Page 594
Thomas Morris Chester’s Civil War Dispatches......Page 604
William T. Sherman’s Special Field Order No. 15......Page 618
Black Code of Mississippi......Page 630
Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution......Page 642
Testimony before the Joint Committee on Reconstruction on Atrocities in the South against Blacks......Page 652
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution......Page 670
Henry McNeal Turner’s Speech on His Expulsion from the Georgia Legislature......Page 682
Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution......Page 696
Ku Klux Klan Act......Page 706
United States v. Cruikshank......Page 718
Richard Harvey Cain’s “All That We Ask Is Equal Laws, Equal Legislation, and Equal Rights”......Page 734
Civil Rights Cases......Page 748
T. Thomas Fortune: “The Present Relations of Labor and Capital”......Page 782
Anna Julia Cooper’s “Womanhood: A Vital Element in the Regeneration and Progress of a Race”......Page 792
John Edward Bruce’s “Organized Resistance Is Our Best Remedy”......Page 812
John L. Moore’s “In the Lion’s Mouth”......Page 822
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin’s “Address to the First National Conference of Colored Women”......Page 834
Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Exposition Address......Page 844
Plessy v. Ferguson......Page 856
Mary Church Terrell: “The Progress of Colored Women”......Page 878
Ida B. Wells-Barnett’s “Lynch Law in America”......Page 892
1901 - 1964......Page 904
George H. White’s Farewell Address to Congress......Page 906
W. E. B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk......Page 918
Niagara Movement Declaration of Principles......Page 936
Theodore Roosevelt’s Brownsville Legacy Special Message to the Senate......Page 950
Act in Relation to the Organization of a Colored Regiment in the City of New York......Page 964
Monroe Trotter’s Protest to Woodrow Wilson......Page 974
Guinn v. United States......Page 984
William Pickens: “The Kind of Democracy the Negro Expects”......Page 1000
Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889–1918......Page 1012
Cyril Briggs’s Summary of the Program and Aims of the African Blood Brotherhood......Page 1030
Walter F. White: “The Eruption of Tulsa”......Page 1042
Marcus Garvey: “The Principles of the Universal Negro Improvement Association”......Page 1054
Alain Locke’s “Enter the New Negro”......Page 1066
James Weldon Johnson’s “Harlem: The Culture Capital”......Page 1082
Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson: “The Negro Woman and the Ballot”......Page 1096
John P. Davis: “A Black Inventory of the New Deal”......Page 1108
Robert Clifton Weaver: “The New Deal and the Negro: A Look at the Facts”......Page 1122
Charles Hamilton Houston’s “Educational Inequalities Must Go!”......Page 1134
Walter F. White’s “U.S. Department of (White) Justice”......Page 1148
Mary McLeod Bethune’s “What Does American Democracy Mean to Me?”......Page 1160
A. Philip Randolph’s “Call to Negro America to March on Washington”......Page 1172
To Secure These Rights......Page 1182
Executive Order 9981......Page 1202
Ralph J. Bunche: “The Barriers of Race Can Be Surmounted”......Page 1212
Sweatt v. Painter......Page 1224
Haywood Patterson and Earl Conrad’s Scottsboro Boy......Page 1236
Brown v. Board of Education......Page 1254
Marian Anderson’s My Lord, What a Morning......Page 1266
Roy Wilkins: “The Clock Will Not Be Turned Back”......Page 1280
George Wallace’s Inaugural Address as Governor......Page 1290
Martin Luther King, Jr.: “Letter from Birmingham Jail”......Page 1304
John F. Kennedy’s Civil Rights Address......Page 1322
Martin Luther King, Jr.: “I Have a Dream”......Page 1336
Civil Rights Act of 1964......Page 1348
Fannie Lou Hamer’s Testimony at the Democratic National Convention......Page 1378
1965 - 2009......Page 1388
Malcolm X: “After the Bombing”......Page 1390
Moynihan Report......Page 1406
South Carolina v. Katzenbach......Page 1426
Stokely Carmichael’s “Black Power”......Page 1444
Bond v. Floyd......Page 1464
Martin Luther King, Jr.: “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence”......Page 1480
Loving v. Virginia......Page 1498
Kerner Commission Report Summary......Page 1512
Eldridge Cleaver’s “Education and Revolution”......Page 1536
Jesse Owens’s Blackthink: My Life as Blackman and White Man......Page 1552
Angela Davis’s “Political Prisoners, Prisons, and Black Liberation”......Page 1568
Clay v. United States......Page 1586
Jackie Robinson’s I Never Had It Made......Page 1602
Final Report of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Ad Hoc Advisory Panel......Page 1620
FBI Report on Elijah Muhammad......Page 1634
Shirley Chisholm: “The Black Woman in Contemporary America”......Page 1650
Thurgood Marshall’s Equality Speech......Page 1664
Jesse Jackson’s Democratic National Convention Keynote Address......Page 1678
Anita Hill’s Opening Statement at the Senate Confirmation Hearing of Clarence Thomas......Page 1694
A. Leon Higginbotham: “An Open Letter to Justice Clarence Thomas from a Federal Judicial Colleague”......Page 1706
Colin Powell’s Commencement Address at Howard University......Page 1724
Louis Farrakhan’s Million Man March Pledge......Page 1736
One America in the 21st Century......Page 1746
Clarence Thomas’s Concurrence/Dissent in Grutter v. Bollinger......Page 1760
Barack Obama: “A More Perfect Union”......Page 1782
Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address......Page 1798
U.S. Senate Resolution Apologizing for the Enslavement and Racial Segregation of African Americans......Page 1812
Barack Obama’s Address to the NAACP Centennial Convention......Page 1822
Teachers’ Activity Guides......Page 1836
List of Documents by Category......Page 1846
Subject Index......Page 1850