Middleware for Communications

Middleware for Communications......Page 4
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 22
List of Contributors......Page 24
Introduction......Page 30
1.1.1 Interaction Models......Page 38
1.1.4 Introduction to the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)......Page 39
1.1.5 Introduction to Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)......Page 41
1.1.6 When to use MOM or RPC......Page 43
1.2 Message Queues......Page 44
1.3.1 Point-to-Point......Page 45
1.3.2 Publish/Subscribe......Page 46
1.3.3 Comparison of Messaging Models......Page 48
1.4.2 Transactions......Page 49
1.4.5 Load Balancing......Page 52
1.5 Java Message Service......Page 53
1.5.1 Programming using the JMS API......Page 54
1.6.1 XML......Page 59
1.6.3 MOM......Page 60
1.6.4 Developing Service-Oriented Architectures......Page 61
Bibliography......Page 63
2.1 Introduction......Page 66
2.1.2 Reflective Middleware......Page 67
2.1.3 Are Adaptive and Reflective Techniques the Same?......Page 69
2.2.1 Meta-Level Programming......Page 70
2.2.2 Software Components and Frameworks......Page 71
2.3.1 Reflective and Adaptive Middleware Workshops......Page 72
2.3.2 Nonfunctional Properties......Page 73
2.3.3 Distribution Mechanism......Page 74
2.4.1 Advances in Programming Techniques......Page 79
2.4.2 Open Research Issues......Page 81
2.4.3 Autonomic Computing......Page 84
2.5 Summary......Page 85
Bibliography......Page 86
3.1 Introduction......Page 90
3.2 Transaction Processing Fundamentals......Page 91
3.2.1 ACID Transactions......Page 92
3.2.2 Distributed Transactions......Page 94
3.2.3 Common Extensions......Page 95
3.2.4 Programming Models for Transactions......Page 97
3.3.1 Transaction Model......Page 98
3.3.3 Container-Managed Transactions......Page 100
3.4.1 Messaging Models......Page 102
3.4.2 Programming Models......Page 103
3.4.3 Queued Transaction Processing......Page 104
3.5 Web Transactions......Page 105
3.5.2 Programming model......Page 106
3.6 Advanced Transactions......Page 107
3.6.1 Long Running Unit of Work (LRUOW)......Page 108
3.6.2 Conditional Messaging and D-Spheres......Page 109
3.6.3 Transactional Attitudes (TxA)......Page 111
3.7 Conclusion......Page 114
Bibliography......Page 115
4.1 Introduction......Page 118
4.1.2 Lack of Peer-to-Peer Middleware......Page 119
4.1.5 Chapter Outline......Page 120
4.2.2 Resources and Advertisements......Page 121
4.2.4 Services and Modules......Page 122
4.2.6 Messages and Pipes......Page 123
4.2.8 Relay and Rendezvous Peers......Page 124
4.2.9 Group Communication......Page 125
4.2.11 Challenges......Page 126
4.3.1 Self-Organizing Overlay Networks......Page 127
4.3.2 Failure Tolerance......Page 129
4.3.3 Implicit Dynamic Routing......Page 130
4.3.4 Quality-of-Service......Page 131
4.3.5 System Model......Page 132
4.3.8 Challenges and Comparison with JXTA......Page 133
4.4 Hybrid Middleware – a Conceptual Proposal......Page 134
4.4.2 Conceptual Model and Services......Page 136
4.4.3 Service Connectors......Page 137
4.4.4 Peer Group Membership Service......Page 138
4.4.5 Synchronization Service and P2P Synchronization......Page 139
4.4.6 Summary......Page 141
Bibliography......Page 142
5 Grid Middleware......Page 146
5.1 The Grid......Page 147
5.2 Grid Architecture......Page 149
5.3 Grid Middleware Software......Page 151
5.6 Grid Middleware Services......Page 152
5.6.1 Elementary Grid Middleware Services......Page 153
5.6.2 Advanced Grid Management Services......Page 154
5.7.1 Globus Toolkit......Page 155
5.7.3 Open Grid Services Architecture......Page 157
5.8 Portal Middleware for Grids......Page 160
5.9.1 Astrophysics......Page 162
5.9.3 High-energy Physics Grids......Page 163
Acknowledgments......Page 164
Bibliography......Page 165
6.1.1 Emerging Trends......Page 168
6.1.2 Key Technical Challenges and Solution Approaches......Page 169
6.2.1 Overview of Middleware......Page 172
6.2.2 Limitations of Conventional Middleware......Page 174
6.3.1 Overview of Component Middleware and the CORBA Component Model......Page 175
6.3.2 Limitations with Conventional Component Middleware for Largescale DRE Systems......Page 179
6.4 QoS Provisioning and Enforcement with CIAO and QuO Qoskets......Page 181
6.4.1 Static Qos Provisioning via QoS-enabled Component Middleware and CIAO......Page 182
6.4.2 Dynamic QoS Provisioning via QuO Adaptive Middleware and Qoskets......Page 187
6.4.3 Integrated QoS provisioning via CIAO and Qoskets......Page 191
6.5 Related Work......Page 193
6.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 195
Bibliography......Page 196
7.1 Introduction......Page 200
7.2.1 Capabilities of the MDA......Page 206
7.3 Overview of Model Driven Middleware......Page 209
7.3.2 Combining Model Driven Architecture and QoS-enabled Component Middleware......Page 210
7.4 Model Driven Middleware Case Study: Integrating MDA with QoS-enabled Middleware......Page 215
7.5 Related Work......Page 218
7.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 220
Bibliography......Page 221
8.1 Introduction......Page 226
8.2 Performance of CORBA Middleware......Page 228
8.3.1 Three Interaction Architectures......Page 229
8.3.2 Performance Comparison......Page 231
8.4 Middleware Performance Optimization......Page 234
8.4.2 Flyover......Page 235
8.4.3 Performance of Flyover......Page 238
8.5.1 Connection Setup Latency......Page 241
8.5.2 Parameter Passing......Page 242
8.5.3 Combination of Methods and Performance Recovery......Page 243
8.5.5 Load Balancing......Page 244
Bibliography......Page 245
9.1 Introduction......Page 248
9.2 Security in CORBA, .NET, and J2EE......Page 249
9.2.1 CORBA Security Capabilities......Page 250
9.2.2 .NET Security Capabilities......Page 254
9.2.3 J2EE Security Capabilities......Page 260
9.3 RBAC and MAC using CORBA and JINI......Page 264
9.3.1 Overview of the RBAC/MAC Security Model......Page 265
9.3.2 The Security Services of USR......Page 266
9.3.3 Prototyping/Administrative and Management Tools......Page 268
9.4 Conclusion......Page 269
Bibliography......Page 271
10.1 Introduction......Page 274
10.2 Architecture Overview......Page 275
10.3.2 Multicast......Page 279
10.4.1 Transport Adaptation Layer......Page 280
10.4.2 Document Selection......Page 281
10.4.3 Multicast Push Scheduling......Page 282
10.4.4 Multicast Pull Scheduling......Page 284
10.4.5 Multicast Indexing......Page 286
10.4.6 Data Consistency and Currency......Page 287
10.4.7 Client Cache......Page 288
10.5.1 Integration......Page 289
10.6 Application: Real-Time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance......Page 290
10.7 Conclusions......Page 291
Bibliography......Page 292
11.1 Introduction......Page 298
11.2 Mobile Distributed Systems......Page 299
11.2.1 Characterization of Distributed Systems......Page 300
11.2.3 Mobile Nomadic Systems......Page 301
11.2.4 Mobile Ad Hoc Systems......Page 302
11.3 Middleware Systems: A Reference Model......Page 303
11.3.1 Middleware for Fixed Distributed Systems......Page 304
11.3.2 Middleware for Mobile Nomadic and Ad hoc Systems......Page 305
11.4.1 Connectivity......Page 306
11.4.2 Data-sharing......Page 308
11.5 Heterogeneity......Page 309
11.6 Openness......Page 310
11.7.1 Discovery......Page 311
11.7.2 Quality of Service......Page 312
11.8.1 Transactions......Page 313
11.8.2 Security......Page 314
Bibliography......Page 315
12.1 Introduction......Page 318
12.2 Wireless Technologies......Page 320
12.3 Middleware Technologies for Enterprise Application Integrations......Page 323
12.4.2 Design Considerations and Our Approach......Page 326
12.4.3 An Integrated Mobile EIS Architecture......Page 327
12.4.4 Deployment and Operation......Page 328
12.5.2 JMS......Page 329
12.5.3 JMS in Our Mobile EIS......Page 332
12.6 Data Representation and Presentation in Mobile Enterprise Information Services......Page 333
12.7 Challenges and Future Directions......Page 336
12.8 Summary and Conclusions......Page 338
Bibliography......Page 339
13.1 Introduction......Page 342
13.2 Related Work......Page 343
13.3.1 Infrastructure......Page 344
13.3.2 Platform Components......Page 348
13.4.1 Event Engine and Auras and Objects Engine......Page 351
13.4.2 Profile Servers and Profile Database......Page 356
13.5.1 Testbed Settings......Page 358
13.5.2 Results......Page 359
13.5.3 Conclusions......Page 361
13.6.1 Design Decisions and Lessons Learned......Page 362
13.6.2 Implementation Notes......Page 363
Bibliography......Page 364
14.1 Introduction......Page 368
14.2.1 Overview of MPEG......Page 370
14.2.2 Quality of Services......Page 371
14.2.3 Video Distribution......Page 372
14.3.1 Environment Analysis......Page 373
14.4.1 QoS-GFS......Page 374
14.4.2 Transmission Scheme......Page 375
14.5.1 Clientware......Page 378
14.5.2 Serverware......Page 382
14.6.1 System Setup......Page 384
14.6.2 Experiment Results......Page 385
14.7 Discussions......Page 390
14.8 Acknowledgment......Page 391
Bibliography......Page 392
15.1 Introduction......Page 396
15.2.1 Communication between Card and Card Reader......Page 397
15.3 Data Structures on Smart Cards......Page 398
15.4 JavaCards......Page 399
15.4.2 Runtime Environment......Page 400
15.4.3 Developing JavaCard Applets......Page 402
15.5 PC/SC: Data Communications......Page 406
15.6.1 Architectural Concepts......Page 408
15.6.3 Programming Model......Page 410
15.6.4 Summary......Page 411
15.7.1 On-Card JCRMI......Page 412
15.7.2 Off-Card JCRMI......Page 415
15.8 PKCS #11 Security Tokens......Page 419
15.10.1 SIM Application Toolkit......Page 420
15.10.2 J2ME Smart Card Middleware......Page 422
15.11 JiniCard......Page 423
15.12.2 Smart Cards as Mobile Web Servers......Page 424
15.12.3 Internet Smart Cards......Page 425
Bibliography......Page 426
16.1 Introduction......Page 430
16.2 Previous Work on Networked Smart Card Applications......Page 431
16.3.1 The System Architecture......Page 433
16.3.2 The Electronic Ticket......Page 436
16.3.3 Choosing a Smart Card for the System......Page 437
16.4 Advanced Ticketing Management Using Middleware......Page 439
16.4.1 Middleware Platform Security......Page 440
16.4.2 The Smart Card Service......Page 441
16.4.3 The Smart Card Object-Oriented Library......Page 443
16.5 The Application Prototype......Page 444
Bibliography......Page 448
17.1 Introduction......Page 450
17.2.1 Challenges of Today’s DRE Systems......Page 452
17.2.2 Challenges of Future DRE Systems......Page 453
17.2.3 Limitations with Conventional DRE System Development......Page 454
17.3.1 Overview of CORBA......Page 455
17.3.2 Overview of Real-time CORBA 1.0......Page 456
17.3.3 Overview of Real-time CORBA 2.0......Page 458
17.4.1 Motivation......Page 459
17.4.2 TAO Architecture and Capabilities......Page 460
17.4.3 TAO Successes......Page 462
17.5.1 Motivation......Page 463
17.5.2 ZEN Architecture and Capabilities......Page 464
17.5.3 ZEN Successes......Page 467
17.6 Related Work......Page 469
17.7 Concluding Remarks......Page 470
Bibliography......Page 471
18.1 Introduction......Page 476
18.2.2 Consensus......Page 478
18.3 Background......Page 479
18.3.2 CORBA and Fault Tolerance......Page 480
18.4.1 The FT-CORBA Standard......Page 481
18.4.2 Architecture Units......Page 482
18.5.1 Architecture Units......Page 487
18.5.2 Infrastructure Interactions......Page 488
18.5.3 Platform Implementation......Page 490
18.6.2 Experiment Setup......Page 492
18.7 Trade-off Studies......Page 493
18.7.1 Overheads......Page 494
18.7.2 Failover Times......Page 496
18.8 Conclusions......Page 498
Bibliography......Page 500
Index......Page 502