Microwave and Millimeter-wave Antenna Design for 5G Smartphone Applications

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction
	References
Chapter 2 Considerations for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave 5G Mobile Antenna Design
	2.1 Frequency Characteristics and Channel Models
	2.2 5G Network Architecture
	2.3 Evolution of Mobile Devices
	2.4 Antenna Materials
		2.4.1 Laminated Sheet
		2.4.2 Ceramic
		2.4.3 Organic
		2.4.4 Others
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3 Basic Concepts for 5G FR1 Band Mobile Antenna Design
	3.1 Design Considerations
		3.1.1 Antenna Placement
		3.1.2 Smartphone Components and Their Effects
	3.2 Antenna Element Design and Topologies
		3.2.1 Slot Antenna Design
		3.2.2 Monopole Antenna Design
		3.2.3 Loop Antenna
		3.2.4 Inverted-F Antenna
	3.3 Antenna-Feeding Mechanism and Impedance Matching
	3.4 Chassis Consideration and Effects
	3.5 Electromagnetic Exposure and Mitigation
		3.5.1 Monopole Antenna Array User’s Hand Effects
		3.5.2 Slot Antenna Array User’s Hand Effects
		3.5.3 Loop Antenna Array User’s Hand Effects
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4 Multi-Band 5G FR1 Band Mobile Antenna Design
	4.1 Planar Antenna Design Topologies
		4.1.1 Dual Band and Wideband Loop Antenna
		4.1.2 Dual Band and Wideband Monopole Antenna
		4.1.3 Dual Band and Wideband Slot Antenna
		4.1.4 Dual Band PIFA and Dual Band Monopole
	4.2 Hybrid Antenna Design Topologies
		4.2.1 Separated Slot and Monopole
		4.2.2 Integrated and Tightly Arranged Slot and Monopole
		4.2.3 Tightly Arranged Loop and Monopole
		4.2.4 Tightly Arranged Loop and Slot
		4.2.5 Integrated Loop and IFA
	4.3 Co-existence with 3G/4G and Millimeter-Wave 5G Antenna Techniques
		4.3.1 Integrated 4G and 5G Sub-6 GHz Antennas
		4.3.2 Integrated 4G and 5G mmWave Antennas
		4.3.3 Miniaturized 5G Module of mmWave Antennas-in-Package Integrating Non-mmWave Antennas (AiPiA)
	4.4 Wideband Antenna Design Topologies Beyond Band n77/n78/n79
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 MIMO-Based 5G FR1 Band Mobile Antenna
	5.1 Motivation and Requirements
		5.1.1 Channel Capacity
		5.1.2 Envelope Correlation Coefficient
		5.1.3 Diversity Gain
		5.1.4 Mean Effective Gain
		5.1.5 Total Active Reflection Coefficient
		5.1.6 Channel Capacity Loss
	5.2 Antenna Isolation Techniques
		5.2.1 Spatial and Polarization Diversity
		5.2.2 Neutralization Line
		5.2.3 Slotted Element
		5.2.4 Wave Trap Element
		5.2.5 Self-Isolated Element
		5.2.6 Others
	5.3 Practical Considerations and Challenges
	5.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6 Millimeter-Wave 5G Antenna-in-Package (AiP) for Mobile Applications
	6.1 Miniaturized Antenna-in-Package (AiP) Technology
		6.1.1 Background and Challenges
		6.1.2 Planar Folded Slot Antenna (PFSA) with Electrically Small and Low Profile
		6.1.3 Low-Loss Interconnect Technology
		6.1.4 Flip-Chip-Based Packaging of mmWave AiP
	6.2 Multi-Modal AiP Technology
		6.2.1 Block Cell Antennas
		6.2.2 Modular, Controllable Block Cell Arrays
	6.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7 Multi-Physical Approach for Millimeter-Wave 5G Antenna-in-Package
	7.1 Background and Current Challenges
	7.2 Heat Dissipation Strategies
		7.2.1 Metal Stamped Antenna-in-Package Overview
		7.2.2 Proof-of-Concept Model
	7.3 Multiphysical Analysis
		7.3.1 Antenna Package Characterization
		7.3.2 Electrical Stability of the Fabrication Process
		7.3.3 Thermal-Mechanical Analysis
	References
Chapter 8 Frequency Tunable Millimeter-Wave 5G Antenna-in-Package
	8.1 Background and Realistic Challenges for Mobile Applications
	8.2 Tunable Matching Network
	8.3 Topology and Design Considerations
	8.4 Examples and Demonstrations
	8.5 Upcoming Challenges
	References
Chapter 9 Cost-Effective and Compact Millimeter-Wave 5G Antenna Solutions
	9.1 Background
		9.1.1 Challenging Issues of Conventional Printing and Packaging Techniques in mmWave Antenna
		9.1.2 Previous Researches on Mutual Coupling in Planar Multiple Antenna
		9.1.3 Previous Researches on Low-Loss Feeding Networks
	9.2 Compact Inverted-L Antenna Element with 1-D EBG Structures
		9.2.1 1-D EBG Ground Structures and Their Electromagnetic Characteristics
		9.2.2 Compact ILA with 1-D EBG Ground Structures
	9.3 Low-Coupled mmWave Phased-Arrays Fabricated on FR-4 PCB
		9.3.1 Design of Single Antenna Element with HIS Structures
		9.3.2 Compact Phased Array Antenna in 4 Elements
		9.3.3 8-Elements Large-Scaled Linear Array Antenna
	9.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10 Millimeter-Wave Antenna-on-Display for 5G Mobile Devices
	10.1 Performance Metrics of mmWave 5G Mobile Antenna Systems
		10.1.1 Spherical Coverage Requirements
		10.1.2 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Requirement
	10.2 Optically Invisible Antenna-on-Display Concept
		10.2.1 Material and Process
		10.2.2 Parametric Studies on Material Thickness and Width
		10.2.3 Optically Transparent Antenna with Corrugated Edges
		10.2.4 Optically Invisible Antenna with Dummy-Grids
	10.3 OLED Display-Integrated Optically Invisible Phased-Arrays
		10.3.1 Packaging Strategy
		10.3.2 Component- and System-Level Verifications
	10.4 OLED Touch Display-Integrated Optically Invisible Phased Arrays
		10.4.1 Flexible, Invisible Hybrid Electromagnetic Sensor
		10.4.2 Design Process and Building Block Measurements
		10.4.3 Demonstration within a Cellular Handset Prototype
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
Index
EULA