Microstructure of Fine-Grained Sediments: From Mud to Shale

Front Matter....Pages i-xxii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Signatures of Clay Microstructure—Overview....Pages 3-4
Determinants of Clay and Shale Microfabric Signatures: Processes and Mechanisms....Pages 5-32
Millimeter-Scale Sedimentary Structure of Fine-Grained Sediments: Examples from Continental Margin Environments....Pages 33-45
Problems of Particle Delamination and of Stepwise Aggregation in Clay Swelling....Pages 47-54
The Nature and Significance of Gas-Generated Microvoids as “Secondary” Microfabric Features in Modern and Pleistocene Marine and Estuarine Sediments....Pages 55-59
Clay Fabric of Fine-Grained Turbidite Sequences from the Southern Nares Abyssal Plain....Pages 61-72
Microfabric and Physical Properties Characteristics of a Consolidated Clay Section: ODP Site 697, Weddell Sea....Pages 73-92
Physical Property Changes Accompanying Deep Burial of Clay-Rich Sediments, Barbados Convergent Margin....Pages 93-99
Sedimentary Structures: Textures and Depositional Settings of Shales from the Lower Belt Supergroup, Mid-Proterozoic, Montana, U.S.A.....Pages 101-108
Porosities, Permeabilities, and Microfabrics of Devonian Shales....Pages 109-119
Environmental Processes: A Continuum—Overview....Pages 123-124
Interparticle Grain Size Relationships Resulting from Flocculation....Pages 125-130
The Changing Microfabric of Suspended Particulate Matter—The Fluvial to Marine Transition: Flocculation, Agglomeration, and Pelletization....Pages 131-137
Microstructure of Suspensates: From Stream to Shelf....Pages 139-145
The Influence of Organic Carbon Flux on the Deposition of Clays in the Marine Environment: Implications with Respect to Microstructure....Pages 147-159
Mass Arrival Mechanisms and Clay Deposition at the Seafloor....Pages 161-165
Distinguishing Features of Layered Muds Deposited from Shallow Water, High Concentration Suspensions....Pages 167-173
Effect of Bed Shear Stresses on the Deposition and Strength of Deposited Cohesive Muds....Pages 175-183
Fluidization of Soft Estuarine Mud by Waves....Pages 185-191
The Significance of Sediment-Flow Dynamics on Clay Microstructure Development: Riverine and Continental Shelf Environments....Pages 193-202
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Silt Microfabric of Detrital, Deep Sea Mud(stone)s (California Continental Borderland) as Shown by Backscattered Electron Microscopy....Pages 203-211
Physical Properties and Microstructural Response of Sediments to Accretion-Subduction: Barbados Forearc....Pages 213-228
Anomalous Stress History of Sediments of the Northwest Pacific: The Role of Microstructure....Pages 229-236
Front Matter....Pages 237-237
Modeling — Past and Present: New Directions — Overview....Pages 239-240
Influence of Some Physicochemical Activities on Mechanical Behavior of Clays....Pages 241-253
Organization of Clay Particles in Aqueous Suspension as Inferred from Spectroscopy of Organic Dyes....Pages 255-258
Some Effects of Vicinal Water on the Sedimentation Process, Compaction, and Ultimate Properties of Sediments....Pages 259-266
Rheology and Microstructure of Concentrated Illite Suspensions....Pages 267-271
A Coupled Fluid Expulsion/Deformation Model of Dewatering Sediments....Pages 273-280
The Floc Camera: A Three-Dimensional Imaging System of Suspended Particulate Matter....Pages 281-289
Characterization of Clay Fabric....Pages 291-295
Microtexture and Microchemistry of Clay-Rich Sediments....Pages 297-301
Quantitative Rock Mineral Analysis....Pages 303-304
Applied Clay Microstructure: Measurements, Techniques, and Sampling Strategies for Clay Fabric Research—Overview....Pages 307-308
Techniques for the Preparation of Submarine Sediments for Electron Microscopy....Pages 309-320
Observation Technique for Wet Clay Minerals Using Film-Sealed Environmental Cell Equipment Attached to High-Resolution Electron Microscope....Pages 321-331
Clay Fabric of Gassy Submarine Sediments....Pages 333-352
Objective Measurement and Classification of Microfabrics and Their Relationship to Physical Properties....Pages 353-358
Automatic Analysis of Microstructure of Cohesive Sediments....Pages 359-366
The Application of Image Analysis Techniques to Microstructure Studies in Geotechnical Engineering....Pages 367-378
Front Matter....Pages 237-237
Quantification of Clay Fabric: A Simple Technique....Pages 379-387
Measurements of Bond Energy of Clays and Ocean Wave Attenuation....Pages 389-393
Geoacoustic Properties of a Marine Silt....Pages 395-402
Sediment Shear Waves: A Comparison of In Situ and Laboratory Measurements....Pages 403-415
Geoacoustic Properties in the Near-Surface Sediment in Response to Periodic Deposition....Pages 417-429
Elasticity of Fine-Grained Abyssal Sediments, Brazil Basin, South Atlantic Ocean....Pages 431-445
Applications: Present Requirements, Waste Disposal, Containment, and Packing Material....Pages 449-450
Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Wastes into Clay-Rich Rocks....Pages 451-463
Preliminary Geotechnical Considerations of Borehole Facilities as Waste Repositories in Clay Deposits....Pages 465-468
Hydrocarbon Liquids and Clay Microstructure....Pages 469-474
Effects of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Engineering Properties, Microstructure, and Composition of Oilwell Cements....Pages 475-487
The Role of the Microstructure of Pacific Red Clays in Radioactive Waste Disposal....Pages 489-507
Influences on the Rheology of Marine Sediments Composed of Low-Activity Minerals....Pages 509-514
The Geotechnical Importance of Clay Flexibility....Pages 515-518
The Microfabric of Some Hong Kong Marine Soils....Pages 519-530
Application of Microstructure Classification of Marine Sediment to Engineering Geological Evaluation....Pages 531-537
Preliminary Geotechnical Evaluation of Deep Borehole Facilities for Nuclear Waste Disposal in Shales....Pages 539-543
Microstructural and Mineralogical Characterization of Selected Shales in Support of Nuclear Waste Respository Studies....Pages 545-560
Front Matter....Pages 561-561
Research Recommendations of the Clay Microstructure Workshop....Pages 563-566
Back Matter....Pages 567-582