Micropropagation Methods in Temporary Immersion Systems

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Temporary Immersion System Designs and Applications
	Chapter 1: Temporary Immersion Systems in Plant Micropropagation
		1 Introduction
		2 Culture Systems for In Vitro Plant Propagation
			2.1 Semisolid System
			2.2 Liquid System (Partial and Continuous Immersion)
			2.3 Temporary Immersion Systems
		3 Applications of Temporary Immersion Systems in Plant Micropropagation
		4 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 2: Types of Temporary Immersion Systems Used in Commercial Plant Micropropagation
		1 Introduction
		2 Main TIS Operation
		3 Single-Container Temporary Immersion Systems
			3.1 RITA
			3.2 Rocker TIS
			3.3 BioMINT TIS
			3.4 PLANTFORM
		4 Twin-Flask Temporary Immersion Systems
			4.1 Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (BIT)
			4.2 Ebb-and-Flow TIS
			4.3 SETIS
		5 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 3: Use of Temporary Immersion Systems in the Establishment of Biofactories
		1 Introduction
		2 Applications of TISs in Large-Scale Micropropagation of Plants
			2.1 Agri-food Plants
			2.2 Agro-industrial Plants
			2.3 Medicinal Plants
			2.4 Ornamental Plants
		3 Concluding Remarks on the Use of TIS in Biofactories
		References
Part II: Micropropagation in TIS of Agroindustrial Species: Protocols
	Chapter 4: Large-Scale Micropropagation of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.) in a Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB)
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Surface Sterilization
			2.3 Culture Media
			2.4 Equipment
			2.5 Bioreactor System
		3 Methods
			3.1 Culture Media
				3.1.1 Preparation of MS Stocks
				3.1.2 Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) Stock Solutions
				3.1.3 Preparation Culture Media
			3.2 Explants: Plant Material
			3.3 Establishment
			3.4 Shoot Multiplication
			3.5 Shoot Multiplication TIB
			3.6 Rooting
			3.7 Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 5: Temporary Immersion Bioreactors for Sugarcane Multiplication and Rooting
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Surface Sterilization
			2.3 Culture Medium
			2.4 Equipment
		3 Methods
			3.1 Stage 0: Plant Selection
			3.2 Stage I: In Vitro Establishment
			3.3 Stage II: In Vitro Multiplication Using Semisolid Medium
			3.4 Establishing Culture in TIB
			3.5 Stage III: Elongation and Rooting
			3.6 Stage IV: Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 6: Micropropagation of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) in RITA
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Surface Sterilization
			2.3 Culture Medium
			2.4 Equipment
		3 Methods
			3.1 Stage I: In Vitro Establishment
			3.2 Stage II: In Vitro Multiplication Using Semisolid Medium
			3.3 Establishing Culture in RITA
			3.4 Stage III: Elongation and Rooting
			3.5 Stage IV: Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 7: In Vitro Multiplication of Agave (A. marmorata and A. potatorum) by Temporary Immersion in SETIS Bioreactor
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Surface Sterilization
			2.3 Culture Medium
			2.4 Equipment
		3 Methods
			3.1 Stage 0: Plant Selection
			3.2 Stage I: In Vitro Establishment
			3.3 Stage II: In Vitro Multiplication Using Semisolid Medium
			3.4 Establishing Culture in SETIS Bioreactor
			3.5 Stage IV: Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 8: BioMINT: A Temporary Immersion System for Agave Micropropagation
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Equipment
			2.2 Culture Media
			2.3 BioMINT Bioreactor System
			2.4 Plant Material
		3 Methods
			3.1 Preparation of Explants
			3.2 Sterilization of Bioreactors
			3.3 Filling of Bioreactors
			3.4 Running the SyB
			3.5 Hardening and Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 9: Plant Regeneration of Agave cupreata by Somatic Embryogenesis in a Temporary Immersion System with Silver Nanoparti...
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Reagents
			2.3 Instrumentation
			2.4 Equipment
			2.5 Media
		3 Methods
			3.1 Seed Sterilization
			3.2 Induction of Embryogenic Callus from Zygotic Embryos
			3.3 Expression and Maturation of Somatic Embryos
			3.4 Germination and Growth of Somatic Embryos
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 10: Micropropagation of Chayote (Sechium edule L.) var. virens levis in RITA
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Surface Sterilization
			2.3 Culture Medium
			2.4 Equipment
		3 Methods
			3.1 Stage I: In Vitro Establishment
			3.2 Stage II: In Vitro Multiplication Using Semisolid Medium of Plant Material That Will Be Introduced into RITA Bioreactor
			3.3 Multiplication in RITA
			3.4 Stage III: Elongation and Rooting
			3.5 Stage IV: Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
Part III: Micropropagation in TIS of Ornamental Species: Protocols
	Chapter 11: Direct Shoot From Root and True-to-Type Micropropagation of Limonium ``Misty Blue´´ in Partially Immersed Culture ...
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Mother Plant Collection, Maintenance, and Management of Microplantlets
			2.2 Composition of the Culture Medium
			2.3 Media Composition for Shoot Bud Induction, Shoot Bud Proliferation, and One-Step Shoot Multiplication-Rooting of Plantlets
			2.4 Surface Sterilization for Culture Establishment
			2.5 DNA Isolation and PCR Amplification
			2.6 Glasswares and Plasticwares
			2.7 Apparatus, Equipment, and Infrastructure
		3 Methods
			3.1 Maintenance of Mother Plant
			3.2 Culture Medium Preparation
			3.3 In Vitro Culture Establishment
			3.4 Shoot Bud induction Through Callus
			3.5 Shoot Bud Proliferation, Multiplication, and Rooting in Liquid Media
			3.6 Hardening of Plantlets
			3.7 DNA Isolation
			3.8 Genetic Homogeneity Assessment Through ISSR Markers
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 12: Increased Multiplication Rates of Vriesea hieroglyphica (Carriere) E. Morren Through a Temporary Immersion System
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Material and Equipment
			2.3 Bioreactor System
			2.4 Culture Media
		3 Methods
			3.1 Seed Germination
			3.2 Temporary Immersion System
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 13: Micropropagation of Encyclia cordigera (Kunth) Dressler in Ebb-and-Flow Bioreactor
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Germination
				2.1.1 Plant Material
				2.1.2 Capsule Disinfection
				2.1.3 Growing Culture Medium for Sowing
			2.2 Ebb-and-Flow Bioreactor Growth and Development
			2.3 Acclimatization
			2.4 Laboratory Structure
		3 Methods
			3.1 Germination
				3.1.1 Capsule Disinfection
				3.1.2 Growing Culture Medium for Sowing
				3.1.3 Seed Culture
			3.2 Ebb-and-Flow Bioreactor System Growth and Development
				3.2.1 Partial Culture Preparation
				3.2.2 Ebb-and-Flow Bioreactor Culture
			3.3 Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 14: Micropropagation of Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W. E. Higging in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Surface Sterilization
			2.3 Culture Medium
			2.4 Equipment
			2.5 Bioreactor System
		3 Methods
			3.1 Stage I: Seed Germination
			3.2 Stage II: In Vitro Multiplication Using Semisolid Medium
			3.3 Establishing Culture in BIT
			3.4 Stage III: Elongation and Rooting in  BIT
			3.5 Stage IV: Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 15: Alstroemeria Micropropagation in a RITA Temporary Immersion System
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Material and Equipment
			2.3 Bioreactor System
			2.4 Culture Media
		3 Methods
			3.1 Preparation of Explants and Culture Establishment and Initial Multiplication
			3.2 Temporary Immersion System
			3.3 Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
Part IV: Micropropagation in TIS of Woody Species: Protocols
	Chapter 16: Proliferation of Axillary Shoots of Chestnut in Temporary Immersion Systems
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 General Equipment
			2.2 Bioreactor Equipment
			2.3 Culture Media
			2.4 Plant Material and Growth Conditions
		3 Methods
			3.1 Assembling and Autoclaving of RITA Bioreactors and Filters
			3.2 Assembling and Autoclaving of Plantform Bioreactors and Filters
			3.3 Inserting the Plant Material in Bioreactors in the Flow Cabinet
			3.4 Connecting the Bioreactors to the System
			3.5 Subculturing
			3.6 Rooting of Shoots Grown in Bioreactors
			3.7 Cleaning and Reusing the Bioreactors
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 17: In Vitro Propagation of Plants via Organogenesis in Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl Using Temporary Immersion Sy...
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Disinfection of Axillary Buds
			2.3 In Vitro Establishment
			2.4 In Vitro Multiplication of Shoots of B. vulgaris in Static Liquid Culture Medium
			2.5 In Vitro Multiplication of Shoots of B. vulgaris in TIS
			2.6 Preparation of B. vulgaris Shoots for Ex Vitro Acclimatization
			2.7 Ex Vitro Acclimatization
		3 Methods
			3.1 Plant Material
			3.2 Disinfection of Axillary Buds
			3.3 In Vitro Establishment
			3.4 In Vitro Multiplication of Shoots of B. vulgaris in Static Liquid Culture Medium
			3.5 In Vitro Multiplication of Shoots of B. vulgaris in TIS
			3.6 Preparation of B. vulgaris Shoots for Ex Vitro Acclimatization
			3.7 Ex Vitro Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 18: Multiplication of Cupressus guadalupensis Using the RITA Temporary Immersion System
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Sanitizing Agents
			2.3 Culture Medium
			2.4 Equipment
			2.5 Temporal Immersion System (TIS)
		3 Methods
			3.1 Disinfection Plant Material
			3.2 Proliferación de brotes en  RITA
			3.3 Rooting
			3.4 Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
	Chapter 19: Secondary Embryogenesis of Linaloe in Temporary Immersion Bioreactor-Type RITA
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials
			2.1 Plant Material
			2.2 Chemical Products
			2.3 Culture Media
			2.4 Equipment
		3 Methods
			3.1 Stage 0: Seed Germination
			3.2 Stages 1, 2, and 3: Induction, Initiation, and Expression of Embryogenic Cultures
			3.3 Stage 4: Multiplication and Maintenance of Proembryogenic Masses (PEM´s)
			3.4 Stage 5: Multiplication by Secondary Embryogenesis in Temporary Immersion System RITA
			3.5 Stage 6: Maturation and In Vitro Germination
			3.6 Stage 7: Greenhouse Acclimatization
		4 Notes
		References
Part V: Reviews of the Use of Temporary Immersion Systems in Micropropagation
	Chapter 20: Temporary Immersion System for Biomass Production of Salvia spp.: A Mini-Review
		1 Pharmaceutical Use and Conventional Propagation
		2 Somatic Embryogenesis
		3 In Vitro Propagation by Organogenesis of Salvia spp.
		4 Use of Semisolid Media in In Vitro Propagation of Salvia spp.
		5 Use of Liquid Media in the In Vitro Propagation of Salvia spp.
			5.1 Temporary Immersion Systems for In Vitro Propagation of Salvia spp.
			5.2 Types of TIS, Used for In Vitro Propagation of Salvia spp.
			5.3 Utilization of TIS in Salvia spp. for Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production
		6 Conclusions and Perspectives From TIS in Salvia spp.
		References
	Chapter 21: Orchid Micropropagation Using Temporary Immersion Systems: A Review
		1 Introduction
		2 Temporary Immersion Systems
		3 Orchid Micropropagation Using TIS
			3.1 Explants
			3.2 Culture Medium
			3.3 Frequency and Time Immersion
			3.4 Medium Volume Per Explant
			3.5 Acclimatization
		4 Conclusion
		References
Part VI: General Conclusions and Perspectives
	Chapter 22: Conclusions and Perspectives on Plant Micropropagation in Temporary Immersion Systems
		1 Introduction
		2 Conclusions
		3 Perspectives
		References
Index