Microorganisms in Industry and Environment: From Scientific and Industrial Research to Consumer Products (Proceedings of the III International ... and Applied Microbiology) (BioMicroWorld2009)

Contents......Page 8
Introduction......Page 6
Agriculture and Soil Microbiology......Page 18
2. Materials and Methods......Page 20
3.2 Effects of exposure at 14ºC or 24ºC on R. solanacearum survival in environmental water microcosms......Page 21
4. Discussion......Page 22
References......Page 23
2.1 Experimental site......Page 25
2.4 Microbial community structure by 16S rRNA gene library analysis......Page 26
Acknowledgements......Page 27
References......Page 28
1. Introduction......Page 29
2.4 Characterization of chitosan......Page 30
3. Results and Discussion......Page 31
References......Page 32
2.1 Microorganisms and growth conditions......Page 33
3.1 Native plasmids presence in Pss isolated from mango......Page 34
3.2 Mangotoxin influence in epiphytic fitness of Pss......Page 35
References......Page 36
1. Introduction......Page 38
3. Results and Discussions......Page 39
References......Page 41
1.2 Structure and splicing......Page 43
3. Results......Page 44
References......Page 46
2. Materials and Methods......Page 48
3. Results......Page 49
References......Page 52
1. Introduction......Page 53
2.2 Experiment conditions......Page 54
3. Results......Page 55
4. Discussion......Page 56
References......Page 57
1. Introduction......Page 58
3. Results and Discussion......Page 59
References......Page 61
2.3. Bioassay procedure......Page 62
4. Results and Discussion......Page 63
References......Page 64
2.1 Bacterial strain, plant material and growth conditions......Page 65
4. Discussion......Page 66
References......Page 67
1. Introduction......Page 68
3.2 E. amylovora viability under different stress conditions......Page 69
Acknowledgements......Page 70
References......Page 71
1. Introduction......Page 72
3. Results and Discussion......Page 73
References......Page 75
2.2 PCR conditions......Page 76
References......Page 77
2. Materials and Methods......Page 78
3. Results......Page 79
References......Page 81
2.1 Plant growth and soil amendment......Page 83
3. Results......Page 84
4. Discussion......Page 86
References......Page 87
2. Materials and Methods......Page 88
3.1. Nitrogen leaching below the root zone depth......Page 89
References......Page 92
1. Introduction......Page 93
2.4 Identification of fungal laccase in roots of white mustard......Page 94
3.2 Oxidative and peroxidative activities in soil......Page 95
References......Page 96
1. Introduction......Page 98
2.4 Statistical analysis......Page 99
3.2 Pratylenchus goodeyi mortality and mobility in Solanum sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum extracts......Page 100
Acknowledgements......Page 101
References......Page 102
2. Materials and Methods......Page 103
3. Results and Discussion......Page 105
References......Page 107
2.1 Bacterial strains......Page 109
3.2 Extension of the period of bacterial culturability by the addition of the amylovoran extract......Page 110
References......Page 111
2.2. Phenotypic assays......Page 113
4. Results......Page 114
6. Discussion......Page 115
References......Page 116
2.1 Isolates origin and identification......Page 118
2.2 Pathogenicity tests......Page 119
3.2 Inoculation on cut stems......Page 120
References......Page 122
2.1 Bacterial strains used in this research......Page 123
3.1 Isolation and identification of onion-derived pathogens......Page 124
3.3 Determination of Serratia-related rDNA in total onion DNA......Page 125
4. Discussion......Page 126
References......Page 127
2. Materials and Methods......Page 128
3.1 Substrate utilization by PPO from C. cibarius......Page 129
3.3 Effect of inhibitors on PPO activity in C. cibarius extract and kinetics parameters......Page 130
4. Discussion......Page 131
References......Page 132
2. Materials and Methods......Page 133
3. Results and Discussion......Page 134
References......Page 136
2.1 Yeast strain and supplies......Page 138
3. Results and Discussion......Page 139
References......Page 141
1. Introduction......Page 142
2. Materials and Methods......Page 143
References......Page 144
2. Materials and Methods......Page 146
3. Results......Page 147
References......Page 148
2. Materials and Methods......Page 149
3. Result and Discussion......Page 150
References......Page 152
2. Materials and Methods......Page 154
3. Results and Discussion......Page 155
References......Page 156
Environmental Microbiology......Page 158
1. Introduction......Page 160
2. Materials and Methods......Page 161
3.2 Irradiation of model bacteria......Page 162
3.2 Effect of bacterial inoculation on morpho-physiological parameters of irradiated plants......Page 163
References......Page 164
2. Materials and Methods......Page 165
4. Discussion......Page 168
References......Page 169
2.2 PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA......Page 170
3.2 Identification of nocardioform actinomycetes......Page 171
4. Conclusion......Page 172
References......Page 174
1. Introduction......Page 175
2.4 Analytical methods......Page 176
3. Results and Discussion......Page 177
4. Conclusions......Page 178
References......Page 179
2. Materials and Methods......Page 180
3.3 Liquid holding recovery in phosphate buffer saline......Page 181
4. Ultrastructural Studies......Page 182
References......Page 183
1. Introduction......Page 184
2. The Individual-Based Model INDISIM-SOM......Page 185
3. Results and Discussion......Page 187
References......Page 188
2.1 Fungal isolates......Page 189
3. Results and Discussion......Page 190
References......Page 191
1. Introduction......Page 193
2.3. Chitosan characterization......Page 194
3.1. Biomass and chitosan production by Absidia corymbifera......Page 195
4. Conclusion......Page 196
References......Page 197
2.1 Sample preparation and irradiation conditions......Page 198
2.2 Oxidative stress......Page 199
3. Results and Discussion......Page 200
References......Page 201
3. Results and Discussions......Page 202
References......Page 203
2.1 Study area......Page 204
2.3 Toxicity tests......Page 205
3.2 Toxicity tests......Page 206
References......Page 207
2.1 Bacteria......Page 209
References......Page 210
2. Materials and Methods......Page 212
3. Results and Discussion......Page 213
Acknowledgements......Page 214
References......Page 215
1. Introduction......Page 216
2.2 Determination of proteins, MDA, GSH, GSSG contents and enzymatic activities......Page 217
3. Results and Discussion......Page 218
References......Page 220
2. Materials and Methods......Page 221
3.2 Screening of the enzymatic activities......Page 222
3.3 Characterization of the strain KWC4......Page 223
References......Page 224
2.1 Microorganism......Page 226
3. Results and Discussion......Page 227
References......Page 229
1. Introduction......Page 231
2.2 Determination of proteins, MDA, GSH, GSSG contents and enzymatic activities......Page 232
3. Results and Discussion......Page 233
References......Page 234
1. Introduction......Page 236
2.3 Phylogenetic and statistical analyses......Page 237
3.2 Ecological perspective of the Ulleung Basin sediment implicated by the phylogenetic analysis......Page 238
Acknowledgements......Page 241
References......Page 242
2.2 Survey of equilibrium isotherms......Page 244
3. Results and Discussion......Page 245
References......Page 248
Bioremediation......Page 250
1. Bioremediation by symbiotic engineering......Page 252
3. Accumulation of metals in nodules and viable parts of plant by infection of the recombinant strain B3 carrying AtPCS and AtIRT1......Page 253
4. Practical strategy for Cd removal from contaminated soils......Page 254
References......Page 255
1. Introduction......Page 256
3. Results and Discussion......Page 257
References......Page 259
1. Introduction......Page 261
3. Results and Discussion......Page 262
References......Page 263
2. Materials and Methods......Page 265
3. Results and Discussion......Page 266
References......Page 268
1. Introduction......Page 269
3.1 Degradation of PAH during two-step bioremediation treatment......Page 270
4. Discussion......Page 272
References......Page 273
1. Introduction......Page 274
3. Results and Discussion......Page 275
References......Page 277
2. Materials and Methods......Page 278
3.2 Photolysis of MCPA......Page 279
3.3 Biodegradation of pre-irradiated MCPA......Page 280
References......Page 281
2.1 Kinetics of uranium biosorption......Page 282
3.2 Adsorption isotherms......Page 283
3.3 Adsorption by live and dead mycelium......Page 284
4. Discussion......Page 285
References......Page 286
Biofilms......Page 288
2.1 Experimental design......Page 290
3.1 Structure of microbial communities......Page 291
3.2 Activity of microbial communities......Page 292
References......Page 293
2.1 Area of study......Page 294
3. Results and Discussion......Page 295
3.3 Protein estimation......Page 296
References......Page 297
2.1 Strains......Page 298
4. Detection of the icaA, icaC and icaD Genes Specific for Biofilm Production......Page 299
6.1. Study of biofilm production......Page 300
7. Discussion......Page 301
References......Page 302
2.1 Origin of isolates......Page 303
4. Discussion and Conclusion......Page 304
References......Page 305
Industrial Microbiology......Page 306
1. Introduction......Page 308
3. Results and Discussion......Page 309
References......Page 310
1. Introduction......Page 311
3. Results and Discussion......Page 312
References......Page 314
Biosynthesis of the lipids by the yeasts Rhodotorula gracilis......Page 315
References......Page 319
1. Introduction......Page 320
2.2 Culture media......Page 321
3. Results and Discussion......Page 322
4. Conclusions......Page 323
References......Page 324
2. Materials and Methods......Page 325
3. Results and Discussion......Page 327
References......Page 329
2.1. Test strains of bacteria......Page 330
3.1. Effect of inulin on probiotic bacteria......Page 331
3.2. Effect of oligofructose on probiotic bacteria......Page 332
3.4. Determining the effect of oxycellulose at varying pH......Page 333
References......Page 334
2.1 Microorganism......Page 335
3.1 Effect of pH on growth and pigment production by Dietzia maris......Page 336
3.3 Statistical analysis......Page 337
Acknowledgements......Page 338
References......Page 339
2.1 Isolation of cellulase producing bacteria......Page 340
3. Results and Discussion......Page 341
References......Page 344
2.1 Fungal strain......Page 345
2.6 Experimental design and statistical analysis......Page 346
3.2 Mixture design for three substrates (orange peel, corncob, and coffee husk)......Page 347
References......Page 348
2.2 Protoplasting and transformation of B. megaterium, B. subtilis, and B. cereus......Page 350
3. Result......Page 351
References......Page 352
2.1 Experimental design......Page 354
3. Results and Discussion......Page 355
3.2 Response surface for the concentration factor......Page 356
3.3 Response surface for the purification factor......Page 357
Acknowledgements......Page 358
References......Page 359
1. Introduction......Page 360
2.5. Detection of enzymatic activities......Page 361
3. Results and Discussions......Page 362
References......Page 364
2. Materials and Methods......Page 365
3. Results and Discussion......Page 366
References......Page 368
Food Microbiology......Page 370
2. Materials and Methods......Page 372
3. Results......Page 373
References......Page 375
2. Materials and Methods......Page 376
4. Discussion and Conclusion......Page 377
References......Page 379
3. Results and Discussion......Page 380
References......Page 382
2.1. Organisms, media and culture conditions......Page 383
2.3. Biocontrol “in apples” assays......Page 384
3.2. Biocontrol assays “in apples”......Page 385
Acknowledgements......Page 386
References......Page 387
1. Introduction......Page 389
3.1 Coliform bacteria in fresh vegetables......Page 390
3.2 Resistance patterns......Page 391
References......Page 392
2.1 Fungal strain......Page 394
3.1 Growth rates......Page 395
3.2 OTA accumulation......Page 396
References......Page 397
1. Introduction......Page 398
2.5 Growth monitoring......Page 399
3.1 Mancozeb......Page 400
4. Conclusions......Page 401
References......Page 402
1. Introduction......Page 403
2.6 DNA analysis......Page 404
3.1 Total, culturable and viable cells counts......Page 405
4. Conclusions......Page 406
References......Page 407
2.1 Sampling......Page 408
References......Page 409
2.2 Molecular identification......Page 410
3.1 Molecular identification......Page 411
3.2 Characterization of isolates......Page 412
References......Page 413
2.1 Collection of samples and mold isolation......Page 415
3.1 Mold isolates......Page 416
3.1 Identification of mold isolates......Page 417
3.2 Mycotoxin production......Page 418
References......Page 419
2.1 Bacterial strains and culture conditions......Page 420
3. Results......Page 421
4. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 423
References......Page 424
2. Materials and Methods......Page 425
3. Results......Page 426
Acknowledgements......Page 428
References......Page 429
1. Background......Page 430
3.1 Consumption data......Page 431
3.3 Correlation between consumption of individual foods and OTA levels in plasma......Page 432
Acknowledgements......Page 433
References......Page 434
2.3. Statistical treatment......Page 435
3.2. Volatile compounds......Page 436
3.4. Sensorial analysis......Page 437
References......Page 438
2. Materials and Methods......Page 439
3. Results and Discussion......Page 440
References......Page 441
2.1 Fungal strains......Page 443
2.5 Patulin determination......Page 444
3. Results and Discussion......Page 445
Acknowledgements......Page 446
References......Page 447
2.1 Bacterial strains......Page 448
3.1 Adaptation and strain selection......Page 449
3.2 Microvinifications and sensory analysis......Page 450
3.3 Molecular characterization......Page 451
References......Page 452
1. Introduction......Page 453
3.1 DNA extraction methods......Page 454
3.3 Species diversity......Page 455
References......Page 456
Standardisation and optimisation of the Alkaline-Tolerance Response (AlTR) in Listeria monocytogenes 10403S......Page 458
References......Page 461
2.1 Microorganisms......Page 463
2.5 Study of the influence of different inhibitors on proteolytic systems of LAB......Page 464
3. Results......Page 465
4. Discussion......Page 466
References......Page 467
1. Introduction......Page 468
2.2 Spectrophotometric growth curve......Page 469
3.2 Glucose consumption......Page 470
References......Page 471
Medical and Pharmaceutical Microbilogy......Page 472
1. Introduction......Page 474
3. Results and Discussion......Page 475
References......Page 476
2.1. Animals......Page 477
References......Page 478
1.1 Thyme......Page 480
2. Materials and Methods......Page 481
3. Results and Discussion......Page 482
References......Page 483
1. Introduction......Page 485
3. Results and Discussion......Page 486
Acknowledgements......Page 488
References......Page 489
1. Introduction......Page 490
3.2 Reversal assay......Page 491
References......Page 492
2. Materials and Methods......Page 493
3. Results and Discussion......Page 494
References......Page 495
1. Introduction......Page 496
3.4 Preparation of the polymers......Page 497
3. Results and Discussion......Page 498
References......Page 499
1. Introduction......Page 501
3. Results and Discussion......Page 502
Acknowledgements......Page 503
References......Page 504
2.1 Plant extracts......Page 505
3. Results and Discussion......Page 506
References......Page 507
2. Materials and methods......Page 509
3. Results......Page 510
5. Conclusions......Page 511
References......Page 512
1. Introduction......Page 513
3. Results and Discussion......Page 514
4. Conclusion......Page 516
References......Page 517
2.2 Isolation and storage of the isolates......Page 518
3.1 Isolation of microorganisms......Page 519
3.3 Detection of antimicrobial membrane activity......Page 520
References......Page 521
2.1 Collection of vaginal samples......Page 523
3. Results and Discussion......Page 524
References......Page 526
2. Materials and Methods......Page 527
3. Results and Discussion......Page 528
References......Page 530
1. Introduction......Page 532
3. Results and Discussion......Page 533
References......Page 534
1. Introduction......Page 535
2. Materials and Methods......Page 536
4. Discussion......Page 537
References......Page 538
2. Materials and Methods......Page 539
References......Page 540
2.2 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)......Page 542
4. Extracts......Page 543
5. Results......Page 544
6. Discussion and Conclusion......Page 545
References......Page 546
Biotechnologically Relevent Enzymes and Proteins......Page 548
2.1 Strain and growth conditions......Page 550
3.1 Enzyme (peroxidise and xylanase) production during growth of S. albus in minimal salts medium containing xylan as the main carbon and energy source......Page 551
3.2 Biotechnological potential of actinobacterial peroxidases......Page 552
4.2 Biotechnological potential of actinobacterial peroxidases......Page 553
References......Page 554
1. Introduction......Page 555
3.1 Cultivation time and pectinase production by Cladosporium cladosporioide (Fres.) de Vries......Page 556
3.2 Enzymatic extraction......Page 557
4. Conclusion......Page 558
References......Page 559
2.2 Incubation with different concentration of hbFGF......Page 560
3. Results and Discussion......Page 561
References......Page 562
2.1 Bacterial strains and culture condition......Page 563
3.1 The conventional chloroform-methanol extraction resulted in distinct CL signals among strains that are correlated with the ASABF-α resistance......Page 564
3.2 The cls mutation did not affect the ASABF-α susceptibility......Page 565
References......Page 566
1. Introduction......Page 567
2.7 Halotolerance and inhibition assays......Page 568
3.2 Decolourisation and detoxification of an azo dye by the laccase produced by S. ipomoea......Page 569
References......Page 570
2.1 Primer designing and site directed mutagenesis by PCR......Page 572
3.1 Construction of pET-1010......Page 573
4. Discussion......Page 574
References......Page 575
1. Introduction......Page 576
2.4 Ligninolytic Enzyme......Page 577
3. Results......Page 578
References......Page 579
2. Materials and Methods......Page 581
3. Results and Discussion......Page 582
References......Page 584
Microfactories — Microbial Production of Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals......Page 586
2.2 Detection of bacteriocin production......Page 588
3. Results and Discussion......Page 589
References......Page 591
2.1 Strain......Page 592
3.3 Measurement of hydrogen sulfide......Page 593
Acknowledgements......Page 594
References......Page 595
1. Introduction......Page 596
2.5 Molecular weight......Page 597
3. Results and Discussion......Page 598
References......Page 599
1.2 Downstream processing overview for clavulanic acid......Page 601
2.2 Methods......Page 602
3.1 Clavulanic acid liquid-liquid extraction assays......Page 603
4. Conclusion......Page 604
References......Page 605
2.2. Crude extracts production and quantification of antimicrobial activity......Page 606
3. Results and Discussion......Page 607
References......Page 608
2.2 Bioactivity test......Page 610
3. Results and Discussion......Page 611
References......Page 612
2.2 Isolation of samples......Page 613
3. Results and Discussion......Page 614
References......Page 615
2.1 Materials......Page 617
3.1 Transformation of nerol with A. niger AHU7120 in Czapeck-Dox medium......Page 618
References......Page 621
1. Introduction......Page 622
3.1 Sulfuric acid hydrolysis of pistachio shells......Page 623
3.2 Removal of inhibitors......Page 624
3.3 Fermentation of acid hydrolysate......Page 625
References......Page 626
Microbial Physiology, Metabolism and Gene Expression......Page 628
2.1 Yeast strains......Page 630
3.1 Characterisation of YARE on KlHIS4 in the response to cadmium......Page 631
3.2 Involvement of the YARE-like element in the F2 gel-shift pattern......Page 632
3.3 YARE-dependent response was not produced with S. cerevisiae protein extracts......Page 633
References......Page 634
2. Materials and Methods......Page 636
3.1 Effect of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ on S. typhimurium growth......Page 637
3.2 Effect of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ on S. typhimurium cytochrome content......Page 638
4. Discussion......Page 639
References......Page 640
1. Introduction......Page 641
2.4 Induction and Isolation of Mutants......Page 642
3.1 The single treatment......Page 643
References......Page 645
1. Introduction......Page 647
3. Results and Discussions......Page 648
References......Page 650
2. Materials and Methods......Page 652
3.1 Effect of cyanide and azide on cell growth and cytochromes content......Page 653
3.3 Kinetics studies of the effect of NaN3 on the binding of cyanide to cytochrome d......Page 654
4. Discussion......Page 655
References......Page 656
2.1 Yeast strains, media and cultivation......Page 657
3.1 Regulation of AOD synthesis in mutants mth......Page 658
3.2 САТ and respiratory activity of the mth mutants......Page 659
References......Page 661
2. Materials and Methods......Page 662
3.2 Outer chain elongation of N-linked oligosaccharides......Page 663
References......Page 664
2.2 Chemicals......Page 666
4. Discussion......Page 667
References......Page 669
1.2 The yeast PUT2 gene......Page 671
3.1 Characterization of the KlADE2 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis......Page 672
3.2 The KlPUT2 gene from Kluyveromyces lactis......Page 674
References......Page 675
2. Materials and Methods......Page 676
3.2 Neutral red can be used to monitor acidification in vacuole-related studies......Page 677
References......Page 678
Methods......Page 680
1. Introduction......Page 682
4. Conclusions......Page 683
References......Page 684
2.1. Interacting molecules and AmB fragments......Page 685
3.1. Dividing and fragments obtained from breaking AmB......Page 686
3.3. Result of antifungal bioassay......Page 687
References......Page 688
2. Second-order Gompertzian kinetics......Page 689
3. Nonlocality......Page 690
4. Coherence......Page 691
6. Generalization......Page 692
References......Page 693
2.1 Experimental design......Page 695
2.3 Neural network models......Page 696
3.1 General trends......Page 697
3.3 RBFN models......Page 698
References......Page 699
1.1 The bacterial cell cycle......Page 700
2.2 The C and D periods determination errors......Page 701
2.3 Determining the accuracy of the D period estimation......Page 702
References......Page 703
2.1 Instrumentation......Page 705
3.2 Influence of potential......Page 706
3.5 Calibration dependence......Page 707
References......Page 708
2.1 Chemicals and reagents......Page 710
3.1 Lag phase......Page 711
3.3 PAT accumulation......Page 712
References......Page 714
1. Introduction......Page 716
5. Lessons from Literature Based Refinements......Page 717
References......Page 719
2. Materials and Methods......Page 721
3.1 Thin section......Page 722
3.2 Freeze fracture......Page 723
4. Discussion......Page 724
References......Page 725
2.1 In silico methods......Page 726
4. Discussion......Page 727
References......Page 728
2.1. Optimization of the structures and calculation procedures......Page 730
3. Results and Discussion......Page 731
References......Page 734