Microneuroanatomy and Surgery: A Practical Anatomical Guide

Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Surgical Anatomy of the Sulci and Gyri of the Brain
	1.1 Definitions
	1.2 Superolateral Surface
	1.3 So How to Differentiate the Precentral from the Postcentral Sulcus?
	1.4 Frontal Lobe
	1.5 Is There a Cranial Landmark for the Inferior Frontal Gyrus?
	1.6 Temporal Lobe
	1.7 Parietal Lobe
	1.8 Occipital Lobe
	1.9 Insular Lobe
	1.10 Medial Surface
	1.11 Basal Surface
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 2: Surgical Anatomy of the Frontal Lobe
	2.1 The Superolateral Surface
		2.1.1 Surgical Case 1
	2.2 The Medial Surface
		2.2.1 Surgical Case 2
		2.2.2 Surgical Case 3
	2.3 The Basal Surface
		2.3.1 Surgical Case 4
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 3: Surgical Anatomy of the Parietal and Occipital Lobes
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 The Superolateral Surface
		3.1.2 Case 1 Lateral Surface
	3.2 Key Questions Regarding Case 1
		3.2.1 What Is the Location of the Arteriovenous Malformation AVM? Which Landmarks Should Be Intraoperatively Identified to Guide Resection?
		3.2.2 What Is the Appropriate Craniotomy to Approach Such Pathology? Which Craniometric Landmarks Can Be Used to Plan It?
		3.2.3 Which Deep Structures Are Involved in This Lesion? What Are the Functions Related to It? Is It Compatible with the Neuropsychological Evaluation?
		3.2.4 Regarding Case 1 (Figs. 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6), on the Lateral Surface, Considering the Angiographic Images Shown Below, What Is the Related Vascularization?
	3.3 Case 2 Lateral Surface
		3.3.1 Based on the Figure, What Is the Location of the AVM?
		3.3.2 Are There Any Craniometric Points Relevant to the Inferior Parietal Lobule?
		3.3.3 Which Are the Deep Structures Related to the Inferior Parietal Lobule?
		3.3.4 Finally, Still Regarding Case 2, What Is the Vascularization of This AVM?
	3.4 Medial Surface
		3.4.1 Where Is the AVM Located?
		3.4.2 Which Arteries Supply This AVM?
	3.5 Sylvian Surface
	3.6 Occipital Lobe
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 4: Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Inferior Horn of the Lateral Ventricle and Boundaries
	4.3 Temporal Stem
	4.4 Sagittal Stratum
	4.5 Functions of the Temporal Lobe
		4.5.1 Lateral Surface of the Temporal Lobe
			4.5.1.1 Surface Anatomy and Delimitation
		4.5.2 Vascularization of the Lateral Temporal Surface
			4.5.2.1 Arterial Supply
			4.5.2.2 Venous Drainage
		4.5.3 Approaches to the Lateral Surface of the Temporal Lobe
			4.5.3.1 Anterior Part of Lateral Surface
	4.6 Planning the Surgery
		4.6.1 Posterior Part of Lateral Surface
	4.7 Planning the Surgery
	4.8 The Medial Surface of the Temporal Lobe
		4.8.1 Surface Anatomy
		4.8.2 Vascularization of the Medial Temporal Surface
			4.8.2.1 Arterial Supply
	4.9 PCA Branches to the Medial Temporal Lobe
		4.9.1 Venous Drainage
	4.10 Basal Surface of the Temporal Lobe
		4.10.1 Surface Anatomy
		4.10.2 Vascularization of Basal Temporal Surface
			4.10.2.1 Arterial Supply
			4.10.2.2 Venous Drainage
		4.10.3 Approaches to the Medial and Basal Temporal Lobe
			4.10.3.1 Transcortical Transventricular Approach to the Temporal Horn
			4.10.3.2 Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach to a Posterior Parahippocampus AVM
	4.11 Sylvian Surface of the Temporal Lobe
		4.11.1 Surface Anatomy
		4.11.2 Vascularization of the Sylvian Surface of the Temporal Lobe
			4.11.2.1 Arterial Supply
			4.11.2.2 Venous Drainage
		4.11.3 Approaches to the Sylvian Surface of the Temporal Lobe
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 5: Surgical Anatomy of the Central Core of the Brain
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Insular Cortex
	5.3 Extreme Capsule, Claustrum, and External Capsule
	5.4 Lentiform Nucleus
	5.5 Caudate Nucleus
	5.6 Internal Capsule
	5.7 Thalamus
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 6: Surgical Anatomy of the Lateral Ventricles
	6.1 Fornix
	6.2 Corpus Callosum
	6.3 Foramen of Monro
	6.4 Vascularization
	6.5 Frontal Horn
	6.6 Body of the Lateral Ventricle
	6.7 Atrium and Posterior Horn
	6.8 Temporal Horn
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 7: Surgical Anatomy of the Third Ventricle
	7.1 Anterior Wall
	7.2 Floor
	7.3 Roof
	7.4 Posterior Wall
	7.5 Lateral Wall
	7.6 Vascularization
	Suggest Bibliography
Chapter 8: Surgical Anatomy of the Cerebellum and the Fourth Ventricle
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 9: Surgical Anatomy of the Midbrain
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Cisternal Relationships
	9.3 Vascular Relationships
	9.4 Cranial Nerve Relationships
	9.5 Cisternal Relationships
	9.6 Vascular Relationships
	9.7 Cranial Nerve Relationships
	9.8 Cisternal Relationships
	9.9 Vascular Relationships
	9.10 Cerebellomesencephalic Fissure
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 10: Surgical Anatomy of the Pons
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Illustrative Case 1
		10.2.1 Anterior Surface: Cisternal, Vascular, and Cranial Nerve Relationships
		10.2.2 Lateral Surface: Cisternal, Vascular, and Cranial Nerve Relationships
	10.3 Illustrative Case 2
	10.4 Illustrative Case 3
	10.5 Illustrative Case 4
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 11: Surgical Anatomy of the Medulla Oblongata
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 External Configuration
		11.2.1 Ventral Surface
		11.2.2 Lateral Surface
		11.2.3 Dorsal Surface
	11.3 Internal Configuration
		11.3.1 Gray Matter
		11.3.2 White Matter
	11.4 Vascular Anatomy of the Medulla
	11.5 Surgical Considerations
		11.5.1 Anterolateral Medulla
		11.5.2 Posterior Medulla
	11.6 Far Lateral Approach
		11.6.1 Positioning
	11.7 Trichotomy
		11.7.1 Marking, Antisepsis, and Scalp Incision
	11.8 Craniotomy
	11.9 Illustrative Case
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 12: Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Basal Cisterns
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Cisterns
		12.2.1 Hemispheric Cistern
		12.2.2 Carotid Cistern
			12.2.2.1 Anterior Compartment
			12.2.2.2 Posterior Compartment
		12.2.3 Chiasmatic Cistern
		12.2.4 Sylvian Cistern
			12.2.4.1 Sphenoidal Compartment
			12.2.4.2 Opercular-Insular Compartment
		12.2.5 Olfactory Cistern
		12.2.6 Lamina Terminalis Cistern
		12.2.7 Pericallosal Cistern
	12.3 Conclusion
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 13: Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Basal Cisterns
	13.1 Interpeduncular Cistern
		13.1.1 Clinical Case 1
	13.2 Crural Cistern
	13.3 Ambient Cistern
		13.3.1 Clinical Case 2
	13.4 Quadrigeminal Cistern
	13.5 Cistern of the Velum Interpositum
	13.6 Tentorial Incisura Relations
	13.7 Arterial Relations
	13.8 Venous Relations
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 14: Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Fossa Cisterns
	14.1 Posterior Fossa Cisterns
		14.1.1 Cisterna Magna
		14.1.2 Interpeduncular Cistern
		14.1.3 Prepontine Cistern
		14.1.4 Premedullary Cistern
		14.1.5 Quadrigeminal Cistern
	14.2 Superior Cerebellar Cistern
		14.2.1 Cerebellopontine Cistern
		14.2.2 Cerebellomedullary Cistern
	14.3 Conclusion
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 15: Surgical Anatomy of the Sellar Region
	15.1 Osseous Relationships
	15.2 Sphenoid Bone
	15.3 Sphenoid Sinus
	15.4 Pituitary Gland and Diaphragma Sellae
	15.5 Sella and Carotid Artery
	15.6 Suprasellar Relationships
	15.7 Final Considerations
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 16: Surgical Anatomy of the Parasellar Region
	16.1 Sphenoid Bone
	16.2 Cavernous Sinus
	16.3 Trigeminal Nerve
	16.4 Ophthalmic Artery
	16.5 Anterior Clinoid Process
	16.6 Optic Strut
	16.7 Anterior Clinoidectomy
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 17: Surgical Anatomy of the Foramen Magnum
	17.1 Surgical Case 1
	17.2 Surgical Case 2
	17.3 Surgical Case 3
	17.4 Conclusion
	Suggested Bibliography
Chapter 18: Surgical Anatomy of the Pineal Region
	18.1 Anatomy of the Pineal Region or Posterior Incisural Space
		18.1.1 Introduction
		18.1.2 Neural Relationships
		18.1.3 Cisternal Relationships
		18.1.4 Ventricular Relationships
		18.1.5 Arterial Relationships
		18.1.6 Venous Relationships
	18.2 Surgical Considerations
	18.3 Illustrative Case
	Suggested Bibliography
Index