Mexico and Its Diaspora in the United States: Policies of Emigration Since 1848

Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Engaging the Mexican Diaspora......Page 16
SENDING STATES’ INTERESTS......Page 21
A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS......Page 25
THE MEXICAN CASE......Page 26
A FOREIGN POLICY PERSPECTIVE......Page 29
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND EMIGRATION POLICIES......Page 33
METHODOLOGY......Page 37
OVERVIEW......Page 39
A Multilevel Analysis......Page 42
UNITED STATES–MEXICO RELATIONS AND MEXICAN EMIGRATION POLICIES......Page 44
CHANGES IN FOREIGN POLICY AND EMIGRATION POLICIES FROM THE 1980S......Page 49
THE MEXICAN STATES INTERESTS......Page 52
Domestic Factors......Page 54
Transnational Factors......Page 57
International Factors......Page 63
2 The Consolidation of the Mexican State and the Safety Valve of Emigration (1848–1942)......Page 74
1848–1910: TOWARD THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE MEXICAN STATE......Page 75
Consular Protection without Confrontation......Page 77
The First Mexican Migrant Organizations......Page 79
Responses to Emigration and Immigration in Mexico......Page 81
1910–1942: THE REVOLUTIONARY STATE......Page 83
“Mexicanization” and Nonintervention......Page 84
Ambivalent Responses to Emigration......Page 87
Expanding Consular Activity......Page 89
Repatriations and Bilateral Relations......Page 93
CONCLUSIONS......Page 95
3 From the Bracero Agreements to Delinkage (1942–1982)......Page 98
1942–1964: THE BRACERO AGREEMENTS......Page 99
Compliance and Dispute Resolution: The Sending States Vulnerability......Page 102
After the War: The Bracero Program as a Safety Valve......Page 104
Regaining the Advantage? The Bracero Program and the Korean War......Page 108
The Unraveling of the Bracero Program......Page 110
Responses to Changes in Migration Patterns......Page 114
1965–1982: FROM COOPERATION TO LIMITED ENGAGEMENT......Page 118
The Policy of Having No Policy......Page 120
Echeverría and the Chicano Movement......Page 122
Responses to the Growth of Mexican Emigration......Page 124
The Relevance of Delinkage: Negotiating on Oil and Migration......Page 126
Emigration in a Context of Economic Changes......Page 128
CONCLUSIONS......Page 131
4 From a Policy of Having No Policy to a Nation beyond Mexicos Borders (1982–2000)......Page 138
THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ON MEXICAN FOREIGN POLICY (1982–1988)......Page 141
MEXICOS REACTION TO THE IRCA: THE LOGIC OF LIMITED ENGAGEMENT......Page 143
ADAPTING MIGRATION POLICIES TO A NEW BILATERAL CONTEXT (1988–2000)......Page 150
THE NAFTA NEGOTIATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MEXICOS FOREIGN POLICY......Page 151
OPEN BORDERS TO COMMERCIAL FLOWS, CLOSED BORDERS TO IMMIGRATION......Page 155
REDEFINING “NONINTERVENTION" IN STATE–DIASPORA RELATIONS......Page 160
REDEFINING “NONINTERVENTION" IN RESPONSES TO U.S. POLICIES......Page 168
CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
5 The Migration Agreement (2000–2003)......Page 180
REINTERPRETING MEXICOS FOREIGN POLICY......Page 181
THE PROPOSAL FOR A MIGRATION AGREEMENT......Page 183
MEXICOS INITIATIVE: A MOVE AWAY FROM DELINKAGE......Page 186
THE NEGOTIATION OF THE MIGRATION AGREEMENT......Page 190
BREAKDOWN OF THE DISCUSSIONS, YET MEXICO PERSEVERES......Page 194
CONTINUING TO LOBBY FOR IMMIGRATION REFORM......Page 197
FROM MIGRATION AGREEMENT TO COMPREHENSIVE IMMIGRATION REFORM......Page 199
MATRíCULAS CONSULARES: BROADENING THE DEFINITION OF “CONSULAR PROTECTION"......Page 202
TOWARD AN EXPLICIT POSITION ON IMMIGRATION......Page 208
CONCLUSIONS......Page 210
6 Institutionalizing State–Diaspora Relations (2003–2006)......Page 214
THE INSTITUTE OF MEXICANS ABROAD......Page 215
THE IMES SERVICES: IMPROVING MIGRANTS’ LIVES – AND THEIR INTEGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 221
Education......Page 224
Health......Page 227
Leadership Development......Page 228
ABSENTEE VOTING RIGHTS: EMPOWERING MIGRANTS AT HOME AND ABROAD......Page 233
LIMITS: THE LEGACY OF NONINTERVENTION......Page 237
CONCLUSIONS......Page 244
 Conclusions......Page 246
CHANGES IN MEXICOS EMIGRATION POLICIES: THE VALUE OF A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS......Page 247
THE UNITED STATES–MEXICO RELATIONSHIP: BEYOND POWER ASYMMETRY?......Page 251
THE CURRENT CONTEXT (2006–2010)......Page 254
SENDING STATES: DEEPENING EXPLANATIONS AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL......Page 259
MIGRATION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS......Page 261
Bibliography......Page 268
Index......Page 298