Methods and Strategies of Process Research: Integrative Approaches to Translation Studies (Benjamins Translation Library)

Methods and Strategies of Process Research......Page 2
Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
LCC data......Page 5
Dedication page......Page 6
Table of contents......Page 8
Foreword......Page 12
Methods and strategies of process research......Page 14
References......Page 21
Part 1.  Conceptual and methodological discussions......Page 24
1. Introduction......Page 26
1.1 Pros and cons of being a “practisearcher”......Page 27
1.2 Dialogue interpreting, community interpreting and conference interpreting......Page 28
2. Can theory help interpreters?......Page 29
2.1 Interpreting as communication......Page 30
3. Narrowing the gap?......Page 31
References......Page 33
1. Introduction......Page 36
2. Conceptual background......Page 37
3. The hypothesis and its significance......Page 39
4. One recent study, and one different one......Page 43
5. Concluding comments......Page 46
References......Page 47
1. Introduction......Page 50
2. Analysing keystroke data......Page 51
3. Presumed research benefits from adding gaze data to keystroke data......Page 54
3.1 Translog development in the Eye-to-IT project......Page 55
4. The analytical challenge: Preliminary process observations......Page 58
5. A recurrent processing pattern......Page 59
6. Sample data analysis......Page 61
7. Conclusion and perspective: Toward a computational model of human translation?......Page 66
References......Page 67
1. Introduction......Page 70
2. Ways of producing language......Page 71
3. Stating intentions about adding......Page 72
4. Stating intentions when uncertainty arises......Page 74
5. Stating intentions about linking words......Page 75
6. Some details about the proposed vocabulary......Page 77
7. Uses of the vocabulary......Page 78
Reference......Page 79
1. Translation problems......Page 80
2. Npaparps......Page 83
3. Research questions and hypotheses......Page 85
5.2 Materials......Page 86
5.3 Participants......Page 88
5.4 Analysis and scoring......Page 89
5.5 Results......Page 90
7.1 Pre-test......Page 92
7.2 Test......Page 93
References......Page 95
1. Introduction......Page 106
2. Method: Analysis of speech disfluencies in the sight translation protocols......Page 108
2.2 Experimental texts......Page 109
2.3 Participants......Page 110
2.6 Unfilled pause......Page 111
2.9 Repair / revision......Page 112
2.10 Analytic protocol......Page 113
3.1 Frequency and duration of disfluencies......Page 115
3.2 Disfluency evidence for visual interference......Page 116
3.3 Disfluency evidence for the effect of the syntactic manipulation......Page 117
3.4 Individual protocols as evidence of cognitive processing......Page 118
3.5 Syntactic transfer disfluencies......Page 122
3.6 Lexical transfer disfluencies......Page 123
3.7 Translation strategy and disfluency......Page 125
4. Discussion......Page 129
References......Page 132
1. Introduction......Page 134
2. Time lag measurement in previous interpreting and translation studies......Page 136
2.1 Analysis 1: Comparison of previously used methods of time lag measurement in SI......Page 137
4.1 General method of time lag measurement in translation......Page 140
4.2 Analysis 2: Individual EKS variability (intra-subject analyses)......Page 142
4.3 Analysis 3: EKS patterns across individuals (inter-subject analyses)......Page 144
4.5 Analysis 5: Comparing EKS in translation and copying tasks......Page 146
4.6 Methodological observations......Page 147
5.1 General method of time lag measurement in interpreting......Page 148
5.2 Analyses 6 and 7: Individual ear-voice span variation (intra-subject analysis) and ear-voice span patterns across individuals (inter-subject analysis)......Page 149
5.3 Analysis 8: Ear-voice span relative to parts of speech......Page 150
5.4 Analysis 9: Comparison of ear-voice span in interpreting and shadowing......Page 151
5.5 Methodological observations......Page 153
6. Conclusion......Page 157
References......Page 158
Part 2.  Process research in interpreting and translation......Page 160
A new pair of glasses......Page 162
2. Translation skills as a self-contained course (the translation skills program)......Page 163
3. The study......Page 167
3.4 Stage IV – Interviews (June 2008)......Page 168
4.1 Stage I – Pre-TSP translation and questionnaire......Page 169
4.2 Stage II – Post-TSP translation and questionnaire......Page 170
4.4 Stage IV – Interviews......Page 172
5. Discussion......Page 176
6. Conclusions......Page 177
References......Page 178
Appendix I......Page 180
Appendix II......Page 181
Are primary conceptual metaphors easier to understand than complex conceptual metaphors?......Page 182
1. Introduction......Page 183
1.1 Primary vs. complex conceptual metaphors......Page 184
2. Assumptions and hypotheses of the study......Page 187
3.2 Dependent variables......Page 188
3.4 Experimental material......Page 189
3.6 Simulation procedure......Page 190
3.8 Recording......Page 191
3.10 Experimental session and task......Page 192
4. Results......Page 193
5. Discussion......Page 195
References......Page 198
1. Introduction......Page 200
2.1 Participants......Page 202
2.2 Material......Page 203
2.3 Procedure......Page 204
3.1 Reception capacity......Page 206
3.2 Audience perception and satisfaction of subtitles and surtitles......Page 207
3.3 Eye-tracking results......Page 208
4. Discussion......Page 209
References......Page 212
1. Introduction – Experimental and sophisticated versus naturalistic and simple......Page 214
2. The material and the situation......Page 216
3. Errors, omissions and infelicities, Effort Models and the Tightrope Hypothesis......Page 217
3.1 The Effort Models and the Tightrope Hypothesis......Page 218
3.2 Causal relationships in EOIs......Page 219
5.1 Speeches and comparisons......Page 220
5.2 Sensitivity level......Page 221
6.1 In the French sample......Page 222
6.2 Inter-language comparisons......Page 226
6.3 Frequent EOs......Page 227
7. Methodological comments and conclusion......Page 228
References......Page 229
1. Introduction......Page 232
2. Theoretical background......Page 233
3. Method......Page 234
4. Results......Page 236
5. Conclusions......Page 241
References......Page 242
1. Introduction......Page 244
2. Review of relevant literature......Page 246
3.2 The site......Page 247
3.4 Data collection and coding......Page 248
4.1 What is critical discourse analysis?......Page 250
4.2 The transcript......Page 252
5. Discussion and conclusions......Page 256
References......Page 257
Part 3. Studies of interpreting and translation expertise......Page 260
1. Introduction......Page 262
2. The concept of linguistic complexity, its operationalisation and experimental measurement......Page 263
3.1 Design......Page 266
3.3 Results......Page 271
4. Discussion......Page 276
References......Page 278
Process and product in simultaneous interpreting......Page 282
1. Introduction......Page 283
2.1 Expertise research in Interpreting Studies......Page 284
2.2 Studying the process......Page 285
2.3 Evaluating the product......Page 286
3. First study: Interpreting process......Page 287
3.1 Material and method......Page 288
3.2 Results......Page 290
4.1 Material and method......Page 297
4.2 Results......Page 299
5.1 Discussion of results......Page 302
5.2 Conclusion......Page 304
References......Page 305
1. Introduction......Page 314
2. Interpreting strategies as part of the interpreter’s thinking and acting......Page 315
3. Practical and tacit knowledge as part of the interpreter’s thinking and acting......Page 318
4. A study of strategy selection in the interpreting process......Page 319
5. A questionnaire study on practical and tacit knowledge......Page 321
6. An interview study on practical and tacit knowledge......Page 323
7. Discussion......Page 325
References......Page 326
Appendices......Page 328
Results of the validation of the PACTE translation competence model......Page 330
2.1 Theoretical model......Page 331
2.2 Research design......Page 333
3.1 Translation problems......Page 338
3.2 Translation problems in PACTE’s research on translation competence......Page 339
3.3 The variable “Identification and Solution of Translation Problems”......Page 342
4.1 Coefficient of perception of the overall difficulty of the text......Page 344
4.2 Subjects’ identification of prototypical translation problems......Page 346
4.3 Characterisation of the prototypical translation problems identified......Page 347
4.4 Coefficient of subjects’ satisfaction......Page 349
5. Conclusions......Page 351
References......Page 353
Appendix 1: Texts......Page 355
Appendix 2: Questionnaire on translation problems......Page 356
On becoming a translation scholar......Page 358
On process research and methodology......Page 363
On the discipline of Translation Studies and the TS research community......Page 366
Publications by Birgitta Englund Dimitrova......Page 374
Notes on contributors......Page 380
Index......Page 386