Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation: Proceedings of the American Meteorological Society Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Washington, D. C., 10–14 February 1969

Front Matter....Pages N2-v
Purpose....Pages 1-5
Some Comments on Meteorological Observation and Instrumentation Systems....Pages 6-8
Front Matter....Pages N2-N2
Global Observing Systems: Conventional vs Novel....Pages 9-14
The Degree of Uniformity Required in Network Operations....Pages 15-19
Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Network Design....Pages 20-27
The Worldwide Status of Marine Networks....Pages 28-37
Future Role of the WMO in International Observing Programs....Pages 38-43
Status of the World Weather Watch Plan....Pages 44-50
Implications of Advancing Technology on Needs for World Meteorological Information....Pages 51-55
The Role of the Satellite in Future Observing Systems....Pages 56-70
Some Basic Characteristics of Observational Data....Pages 71-78
Meteorological Parameters Required in an Automatic Data Processing Complex....Pages 79-84
Developments in Stratospheric and Mesospheric Analyses Which Dictate the Need for Additional Upper Air Data....Pages 85-90
Meteorological Observations in Urban Areas....Pages 91-99
Algorithms for Sequential and Random Observations....Pages 100-109
The Statistical Evaluation of Observational Data....Pages 110-120
Reduction of Surface Pressure to Functions Useful in Analysis And Forecasting....Pages 121-136
Centralized Quality Control and Evaluation Programs....Pages 137-140
Analytical Procedures for the Quality Control of Meteorological Data....Pages 141-147
Equipment Maintenance as Part of the Quality Control Program for Observations....Pages 148-152
Front Matter....Pages N2-N2
Standards for Equipment Maintenance....Pages 153-158
Legal and Legislative Aspects of Meteorological Observing Programs....Pages 159-162
Why Do We Take Meteorological Observations and what is Wrong with our Present System?....Pages 163-169
The Impact of the Global Atmospheric Research Program on Observing Programs....Pages 170-172
The Need, Meaning and Usefulness of Meteorological Observations for Aviation....Pages 173-177
Parameterization of Energy Flux Between Ocean and Atmosphere....Pages 178-182
Front Matter....Pages N12-183
Basic Considerations for Equipment Design....Pages 185-194
Translation of User Requirements into Equipment Development Criteria....Pages 195-201
Theoretical Considerations in Instrument Design....Pages 202-210
Practical Considerations in Instrument Design....Pages 211-226
Instrument Design Considerations: Aspects of Maintenance and Calibration (Field and Laboratory)....Pages 227-236
Necessary Elements of an Equipment Development and Test Program....Pages 237-242
Designation of Representative Instruments for Worldwide Measurement of Meteorological Parameters....Pages 243-246
Current Concepts of Temperature Measurement Applicable to Synoptic Networks....Pages 247-251
Response of Cup and Propellor Rotors and Wind Direction Vanes to Turbulent Wind Fields....Pages 252-261
Measurement of Humidity in the Free Atmosphere Near the Surface of the Earth....Pages 262-282
Precipitation Observation Development....Pages 283-286
Instrumentation for Meteorological Observations of Importance to Hydrology and Climatology....Pages 287-293
Status of Instrument Development for Specialized Marine Observations....Pages 294-301
The Development of Standard Instruments for Radiation Measurements....Pages 302-314
Front Matter....Pages N12-183
Quantitative Radar Measurements of Precipitation....Pages 315-329
Some Concepts in Automating Land and Marine Stations....Pages 330-333
Instrument Development for Automatic Stations....Pages 334-345
Particular Problems of Instrument Design and Overall Development of Systems for Agricultural and Climatological Stations....Pages 346-351
Automatic Weather Data Acquisition Via Public Telephone Networks....Pages 352-357
Some Sensors for an Automatic Weather Station....Pages 358-360
Problems and Status of Worldwide Development of Upper Air Sounding Systems....Pages 361-377
Instrument Problems of Radiosonde Measurements at 10 MB and above....Pages 378-382
General Concepts in Rawin Systems....Pages 383-391
Constant-Level Balloons for Sounding Systems....Pages 392-396
Acoustic Sounding of the Lower Atmosphere....Pages 397-404
Simple, Inexpensive, Reliable Instruments for Remote Land Area Use....Pages 405-411
Benchmark Stations for the Measurement of Presently Missing Parameters....Pages 412-420
Results and Status of Indirect Satellite Instrumentation Development....Pages 421-432
The Precision Radiothermosonde....Pages 433-434
The Future of Telecommunications Systems as Applied to Meteorology....Pages 435-435
Instruments for Surface and Upper Air Measurements from Marine Platforms....Pages 436-436
Can Instruments be Designed to be both Accurate and Representative?....Pages 437-443
Requirements for New Instrumentation for Urban Measurements....Pages 444-446
Problems and Possible Solutions of Advancing the Capability to Make Upper Air Soundings....Pages 447-449
Front Matter....Pages N12-183
The Major Unresolved Problems Facing the Atmospheric Sciences and the Resultant Need for Observations....Pages 450-455