Metaphor networks: the comparative evolution of figurative language

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 11
List of Tables......Page 13
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 16
Part I: Synchronic Networking......Page 18
1.1 Historical origins......Page 20
1.2 Defining metaphor......Page 26
1.3 The history of ideas on approaches to metaphor and cognitive science......Page 30
1.4 Prototype metaphor......Page 32
1.5 Metaphor scenarios......Page 38
2.1 Conceptual metaphor and linguistic form......Page 45
2.2 The body and universal metaphor......Page 47
2.3 The drugs metaphors network......Page 50
2.4 The cross-language dimension......Page 53
2.5 The universality of personification......Page 64
3.1 Universals and culture......Page 66
3.2 The American cultural model of marriage......Page 67
3.3 Cultural transfer of metaphor......Page 68
3.4 Interaction between language and cultural environment......Page 70
3.5 Determining universal or cultural sources......Page 71
3.6 Colour metaphors......Page 73
4.1 Translation options......Page 80
4.2 Traditional views of translatability......Page 84
4.3 The BUSINESS CORPORATION = FAMILY model......Page 89
Part II: The Diachronic Dimension......Page 98
5.1 New perspectives from a diachronic viewpoint......Page 100
5.2 Diachronic cultural patterns......Page 101
5.3 Cultural history of the BUSINESS CORPORATION = FAMILY model......Page 103
6.1 Semantic fields and polysemy in meaning change......Page 108
6.2 Vagueness and ambiguity......Page 109
6.4 Random polysemous features......Page 112
6.5 Chronological polysemy in diachronic change......Page 114
6.6 Regularity in change......Page 116
6.7 Unidirectional change......Page 119
6.8 Chaining in semantic fields......Page 121
7.1 Diachronic conceptual networking......Page 126
7.2 The metaphor path of FLATNESS......Page 129
7.3 The metaphor path of SMOOTHNESS......Page 131
7.4 Binary concepts: TIGHT/LOOSE......Page 133
7.5 Complex systems: DRYNESS......Page 135
8.1 Long-term metaphor......Page 139
8.2 Short-term Germanic influences......Page 142
8.3 Links to other Germanic languages......Page 147
8.4 Collocational interchangeability in Germanic origins......Page 150
8.5 Cultural influence and saliency......Page 154
8.6 Diachronic saliency......Page 155
9.1 Problems of definition......Page 158
9.2 Patterns of metaphor death......Page 161
9.3 Regeneration of metaphors......Page 164
10.1 Similarities between time-specific and culture-specific models......Page 169
10.2 Attitudes towards imagery through time......Page 171
10.3 Changing attitudes in long-term models: Ancient Greece......Page 173
10.4 Religious mindsets......Page 177
Part III: Historical Networks......Page 184
11.1 Exploring medieval metaphor......Page 186
11.2 The structure of emotions......Page 187
11.3 Concepts of love......Page 189
11.4 The historical networking of love metaphors......Page 192
11.5 Matches between Middle and modern English......Page 193
11.6 Medieval courtly love......Page 197
11.7 Time-specific saliency in English medieval metaphor......Page 202
12.1 Literature as a record of metaphor evolution......Page 207
12.2 Medieval French sources......Page 208
12.3 Medieval Italian sources......Page 210
12.4 Chaucer and Boccaccio......Page 211
12.5 Petrarch......Page 214
12.6 Latinate sources in Antiquity......Page 218
12.7 Metaphor links to the classical period......Page 221
13.1 Literary paths in metaphor creation......Page 228
13.2 Long-term models of love......Page 229
13.3 Long-term models of love with variable cultural connotations......Page 231
13.4 Time specificity: models of diachronic saliency......Page 232
13.5 Conventionalised love metaphors......Page 233
13.6 Metaphor death in love......Page 234
13.7 The overall picture......Page 235
References......Page 239
Index......Page 246