Metallography and Microstructures

Volume 9, Metallography and Microstructures......Page 1
Publication Information and Contributors......Page 2
Metallography: An Introduction......Page 10
Introduction to Structures in Metals......Page 51
Crystal Structure*......Page 68
Physical Metallurgy Concepts in Interpretation of Microstructures......Page 98
Fundamentals of Solidification......Page 151
Solidification Structures of Pure Metals......Page 209
Solidification Structures of Steels and Cast Irons......Page 222
Solidification Structures of Aluminum Alloys......Page 249
Solidification Structures of Titanium Alloys......Page 281
Computer Modeling of Solidification Microstructures......Page 317
Introduction to Transformation Structures......Page 329
Structures by Precipitation from Solid Solution......Page 333
Spinodal Transformation Structures......Page 349
Ordered Structures......Page 359
Massive Transformation Structures......Page 369
Invariant Transformation Structures......Page 380
Martensitic Structures......Page 421
Bainitic Structures......Page 461
Interdiffusion Structures......Page 484
Plastic Deformation Structures......Page 499
Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain-Growth Structures......Page 536
Textured Structures......Page 557
Metallographic Sectioning and Specimen Extraction......Page 589
Mounting of Specimens......Page 616
Mechanical Grinding and Polishing......Page 651
Chemical and Electrolytic Polishing......Page 693
Contrast Enhancement and Etching......Page 725
Light and Electron Microscopy*......Page 809
Light Microscopy......Page 826
Scanning Electron Microscopy......Page 883
Digital Imaging......Page 912
Quantitative Image Analysis......Page 980
Quantitative Characterization and Representation of Global Microstructural Geometry......Page 1044
Three-Dimensional Microscopy......Page 1106
Metallography of Archaeological Alloys......Page 1164
Field Metallography Techniques......Page 1183
Color Metallography......Page 1223
Metallography and Microstructures of Cast Iron......Page 1282
Metallography and Microstructures of Low-Carbon and Coated Steels......Page 1384
Metallography and Microstructures of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels......Page 1436
Metallography and Microstructures of Case-Hardening Steel......Page 1486
Metallographic Techniques for Tool Steels......Page 1526
Metallography and Microstructures of Stainless Steels and Maraging Steels......Page 1582
Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings......Page 1666
Metallographic Techniques for Aluminum and Its Alloys......Page 1688
Metallography and Microstructures of Beryllium, Copper-Beryllium, and Nickel-Beryllium Alloys......Page 1787
Metallography and Microstructures of Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys......Page 1814
Metallography and Microstructures of Copper and Its Alloys......Page 1842
Metallography and Microstructures of Lead and Its Alloys......Page 1883
Metallography and Microstructures of Magnesium and Its Alloys......Page 1943
Metallography and Microstructures of Nickel and Nickel-Copper Alloys......Page 1986
Metallography and Microstructures of Heat-Resistant Alloys......Page 1998
Metallography and Microstructures of Precious Metals and Precious Metal Alloys......Page 2043
Metallography and Microstructures of Refractory Metals and Alloys......Page 2096
Metallography and Microstructures of Tin and Tin Alloys......Page 2128
Metallography and Microstructures of Titanium and Its Alloys......Page 2157
Metallography and Microstructures of Uranium and Its Alloys......Page 2208
Metallography and Microstructures of Zinc and Its Alloys......Page 2254
Metallography and Microstructures of Zirconium, Hafnium, and Their Alloys......Page 2277
Metallography of Biomedical Orthopedic Alloys......Page 2316
Microstructure and Domain Imaging of Magnetic Materials......Page 2341
Metallography and Microstructures of Powder Metallurgy Alloys......Page 2408
Metallography and Microstructures of Semisolid Formed Alloys......Page 2471
Microstructural Characterization of Thermal Spray Coatings......Page 2505
Metallography and Microstructures of Weldments......Page 2527
Preparation and Microstructural Analysis of High-Performance Ceramics......Page 2553
Metallography of Cemented Carbides......Page 2580
Laboratory Safety in Metallography......Page 2608
Grit Sizes and Grain Size Conversions......Page 2628
Tables of Chemicals and Etchants......Page 2629
Glossary of Terms......Page 2678
Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 2729