Mega Urban Projects in China: The Case of Hongqiao

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Hongqiao and Urban Theory
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Why Study the Hongqiao Project?
	1.3 Research Aims and Objectives
	1.4 Theoretical Issues
		1.4.1 Entrepreneurial Urbanism and Mega Urban Projects from London Docklands to Hongqiao in Shanghai
		1.4.2 Accumulation by Dispossession and Its Relevance to Hongqiao
		1.4.3 The Chinese Urban Growth Coalition and Hongqiao
	1.5 Method and Materials Used for the Book
		1.5.1 The Aims, Scope, and Phases of Fieldwork
		1.5.2 The Study Area and Initial Access to Fieldwork
		1.5.3 Survey Questionnaire
		1.5.4 Conclusions
	1.6 Roadmap of the Book
	References
2 Shanghai in the Context of Urban Change in the PRC
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Urban Policy Before the Reform Period
		2.2.1 Stagnation and Fluctuations in the Pattern of Chinese Urbanization, 1949 to 1978
		2.2.2 The Government’s Role in Urbanization
		2.2.3 Urbanization of Local Government Through the Land-Centred Development Model and Property-Led Projects
	2.3 Urban Conditions Today 1: Housing, Social Segregation, Migrants
		2.3.1 Housing
		2.3.2 Social Segregation
		2.3.3 Migrants
	2.4 Urban Conditions Today 2: Urbanization, Urban Villages and Urban Sprawl
		2.4.1 Urbanization
		2.4.2 Urban Villages
		2.4.3 Urban Sprawl
	2.5 The History of Shanghai’s Development
		2.5.1 Shanghai Before 1949
		2.5.2 Shanghai and Its History Since 1949
	2.6 The Development of Lujiazui and Pudong
		2.6.1 Behind the Development of Pudong
		2.6.2 Lujiazui Financial Centre and Suburban Industrial Zones
		2.6.3 The Construction of New Infrastructure
	2.7 Shanghai and the World Expo
	2.8 New Urban Projects and the Restructuring of Shanghai’s City Centre and Inner City
	2.9 The Debate Over Gentrification in Shanghai, with a Focus on Xintiandi and Similar Projects
	2.10 Conclusion
	References
3 Competitive Urbanism in Its Regional Setting
	3.1 Introduction: Shanghai in the Context of the Yangtze River Delta
	3.2 The Hierarchical National and Regional Administrative Structure
	3.3 New City–Region Alliances in the YRD
		3.3.1 Exogenous and Endogenous Forces Driving the Formation of City Regions in China
		3.3.2 Examples of City–Region Alliances in the YRD
	3.4 Hongqiao Within the Wider Context of the Western Peripheries of Shanghai
		3.4.1 Rough Geography of the West of Shanghai
		3.4.2 Placing Hongqiao Within Its Regional Context (West Shanghai and YRD)
		3.4.3 From the Perspective of Shanghai’s Neighbouring City, Kunshan
	3.5 Some Conclusions on Competitive Regional Growth in the West of Shanghai
	References
4 New Wave Development of Mega Urban Projects in China
	4.1 Chinese Mega Urban Projects (MUPs) and Urbanization Development
		4.1.1 Background
		4.1.2 Concept and Types of MUPs
		4.1.3 Current Situation of China’s MUPs—Quantity and Spatial Distribution
		4.1.4 China’s Urbanization Development Boosted by UMPs
	4.2 Development Trend of China’s MUPs
		4.2.1 Development Trend of New Town and New Area in China
		4.2.2 The Trend Towards Mega Infrastructure Construction in China
	4.3 The Developmental Power and Influencing Factors of China’s MUPs
		4.3.1 The Dominant Position of the Government in the Establishment of MUPs
		4.3.2 Entrepreneurial Government and Competitive Urbanization
		4.3.3 Multi-scalar Political Construction in MUPs
		4.3.4 Financial Dependence on the Land and Debt Risk of the MUPs
	References
5 Hongqiao: Vision, Planning, and Design of the Project
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Main Aims of the Hongqiao Project
		5.2.1 Overall Conception of the Project
		5.2.2 Principal Elements of the Project
		5.2.3 Hongqiao’s Overall Layout
		5.2.4 Forms and Functions
	5.3 Hongqiao as the Transport Hub
		5.3.1 A Hub for Air and Land Transport
		5.3.2 Context of Expansion Project of Hongqiao Airport
		5.3.3 Background to the Construction of a High-Speed Rail Station at Hongqiao
		5.3.4 Construction of the Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub
	5.4 Preparing Land for Development in the Core Area, from ‘Immature’ to ‘Mature’
		5.4.1 Purchasing and Storage of Land by Minhang District Government
		5.4.2 Providing Infrastructure and Utilities
		5.4.3 Leasing Plots of Land for Development
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Entrepreneurial Governance and Land-Based Urban Growth Coalitions in the Development of Hongqiao Business District
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Overall Project Coordination
		6.2.1 Governance Arrangements for the Construction of the Hongqiao Transport Hub
		6.2.2 Governance Arrangements for the Construction of the Hongqiao Business District
	6.3 Role and Responsibility of Main Players
		6.3.1 The Role and Responsibility of Policy-Makers: Shanghai Municipal Government
		6.3.2 Acting Coordinator: Hongqiao Business District Management Committee and Shenhong Company
		6.3.3 Minhang District Government and Its Related Stakeholders
	6.4 Urban Growth Coalition in the Hongqiao Project
		6.4.1 The Entrepreneurial Hongqiao Business District Management Committee
		6.4.2 The Creation of Land-Based Urban Growth Coalitions
	6.5 Intra- and Inter-Urban Competition and the Creation of a New CBD for the Yangtze River Delta
		6.5.1 Competition from Core Cities of the YRD
		6.5.2 Competition from Surrounding Districts in Shanghai
	6.6 Conclusion: Powerful and Entrepreneurial Local Government as the Main Driving Force Behind the Project
	References
7 Displacement and Relocation for Hongqiao’s Local Residents
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Life Before Hongqiao Project in Minhang: Huacao’s Environment and Villagers’ Lives
	7.3 The Displacement Process: Negotiating Compensation and Relocation Between the State and Residents
		7.3.1 The Displaced/Relocatees
		7.3.2 Negotiating Compensation
	7.4 Villagers’ Expectations for the Relocation Process
		7.4.1 Diverse Views and Expectations Towards the Relocation Process
		7.4.2 The Compensation Mechanism and Villagers’ Concerns About Their Future
		7.4.3 Living in the New Aibo Community
	7.5 Impact on Neighbouring Areas and Their Residents
	7.6 Conclusion: Better Living Environment But Worse Life in Hongqiao
	References
8 Discussion and Conclusion: Accumulation by Dispossession by Land-Based Urban Growth Coalitions in the Context of a Fiercely Competitive Urban Environment
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Summary of Key Points from Previous Chapters
	8.3 Reflections on Urban Coalitions, the State and Its Marginalized Citizenry
		8.3.1 Dispossession and Inadequate Compensation for Relocatees
		8.3.2 Competitive Urbanism and the Role of the State
		8.3.3 Land-Based Urban Growth Coalitions and the Effects of Speculative Urbanism
	8.4 Further Research and Concluding Remarks
	References
Glossary of Chinese Terms
Bibliography