دسترسی نامحدود
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
دانلود کتاب Medical microbiology
دانلود کتاب میکروبیولوژی پزشکی
مشخصات کتاب
Medical microbiology
ویرایش: [8 ed.] نویسندگان: Michael A. Pfaller, Ken S. Rosenthal, Patrick R. Murray سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9780323299565, 0323299563 ناشر: Elsevier Inc. سال نشر: 2016 تعداد صفحات: [943] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 40 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 45,000
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Medical microbiology به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب میکروبیولوژی پزشکی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب میکروبیولوژی پزشکی
برای درک کامل و بالینی مرتبط با میکروب‌ها و بیماری‌های آن‌ها، به میکروبیولوژی پزشکی، ویرایش هشتم مراجعه کنید. این متن مختصر و آسان برای استفاده، اصول میکروبیولوژی و ایمونولوژی را به شیوه ای واضح و جذاب ارائه می دهد و شما را برای دوره ها، امتحانات و فراتر از آن آماده می کند. پوشش اصول اولیه، ایمونولوژی، تشخیص آزمایشگاهی، باکتریولوژی، ویروس شناسی، قارچ شناسی، و انگل شناسی به شما کمک می کند تا در موارد ضروری تسلط پیدا کنید. سؤالات مروری در پایان هر فصل، علوم پایه را با عمل بالینی مرتبط می‌کند تا به شما در درک ارتباط بالینی موجودات مورد بررسی کمک کند. موارد بالینی اپیدمیولوژی، تشخیص و درمان بیماری های عفونی را نشان می دهد و رویکرد بالینی به یادگیری را تقویت می کند. عکس‌ها، تصاویر و تصاویر بالینی تمام رنگی به شما کمک می‌کنند تظاهرات بالینی عفونت‌ها را تجسم کنید. جداول خلاصه و جعبه های متنی با تاکید بر مفاهیم اساسی و مسائل یادگیری، مرور امتحان را بهینه می کنند. تصاویر اضافی، 200 سوال خودارزیابی، انیمیشن های جدید و موارد دیگر. Student Consult نسخه کتاب الکترونیکی همراه با خرید. این تجربه پیشرفته کتاب الکترونیکی شامل دسترسی -- در دستگاه های مختلف -- به متن کامل، فیلم ها، تصاویر و مراجع کتاب است. فصل های کاملاً به روز شده شامل آخرین اطلاعات در مورد میکروبیوم انسانی و پروبیوتیک ها/پری بیوتیک ها می باشد. از جمله فصل جدیدی در مورد میکروبیوم انسانی در سلامت و بیماری. خلاصه‌های فصل جدید هر فصل میکروب را معرفی می‌کنند، از جمله کلمات محرک و پیوندهایی به متن فصل مربوطه (در نسخه کتاب الکترونیکی در مشاوره دانشجویی)، ارائه یک مقدمه مختصر یا مروری مناسب برای هر موضوع. دسترسی آنلاین به متن کامل، تصاویر اضافی، 200 سوال خودارزیابی، انیمیشن های جدید و موارد دیگر از طریق Student Consult در دسترس است.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
Turn to Medical Microbiology, 8th Edition for a thorough, clinically relevant understanding of microbes and their diseases. This succinct, easy-to-use text presents the fundamentals of microbiology and immunology in a clearly written, engaging manner-effectively preparing you for your courses, exams, and beyond. Coverage of basic principles, immunology, laboratory diagnosis, bacteriology, virology, mycology, and parasitology help you master the essentials. Review questions at the end of each chapter correlate basic science with clinical practice to help you understand the clinical relevance of the organisms examined. Clinical cases illustrate the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, reinforcing a clinical approach to learning. Full-color clinical photographs, images, and illustrations help you visualize the clinical presentations of infections. Summary tables and text boxes emphasizing essential concepts and learning issues optimize exam review. Additional images, 200 self-assessment questions, NEW animations, and more. Student Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience includes access -- on a variety of devices -- to the complete text, videos, images, and references from the book. Thoroughly updated chapters include the latest information on the human microbiome and probiotics/prebiotics; including a new chapter on Human Microbiome In Health and Disease. NEW chapter summaries introduce each microbe chapter, including trigger words and links to the relevant chapter text (on e-book version on Student Consult), providing a concise introduction or convenient review for each topic. Online access to the complete text, additional images, 200 self-assessment questions, NEW animations, and more is available through Student Consult.
فهرست مطالب
Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page Preface • To Our Future Colleagues: The Students TOC SECTION 1 - Introduction 1. Introduction to Medical Microbiology • Viruses • Bacteria • Fungi • Parasites • Immunology • Microbial Disease • Diagnostic Microbiology • Summary 2. Human Microbiome in Health and Disease • Human Microbiome Project • Core Microbiome • Evolution of the Microbiome and Normal Flora • Role of the Microbiome in Disease • Diagnostics and Therapeutics • Probiotics • Perspective Questions Answers Bibliography 3. Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis • Sterilization • Disinfection • Antisepsis • Mechanisms of Action Moist Heat Ethylene Oxide Aldehydes Oxidizing Agents Halogens Phenolic Compounds Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Alcohols Questions Answers Bibliography SECTION 2 - General Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis 4. Microscopy and in Vitro Culture • Microscopy Microscopic Methods Brightfield (Light) Microscopy Darkfield Microscopy Phase-Contrast Microscopy Fluorescent Microscopy Electron Microscopy Examination Methods Direct Examination Differential Stains Acid-Fast Stains Fluorescent Stains • In Vitro Culture Types of Culture Media Enriched Nonselective Media Selective Media and Differential Media Specialized Media Cell Culture Questions Answers Bibliography 5. Molecular Diagnosis • Detection of Microbial Genetic Material Electrophoretic Analysis of DNA and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Nucleic Acid Detection, Amplification, and Sequencing • Detection of Proteins Questions Answers Bibliography 6. Serologic Diagnosis • Antibodies • Methods of Detection Precipitation and Immunodiffusion Techniques • Immunoassays for Cell-Associated Antigen (Immunohistology) • Immunoassays for Antibody and Soluble Antigen • Serology Questions Answers Bibliography SECTION 3 - Basic Concepts in the Immune Response 7. Elements of Host Protective Responses • Soluble Activators and Stimulators of Innate and Immune Functions • Cells of the Immune Response Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Mononuclear Phagocyte System Dendritic Cells Lymphocytes Questions Answers Bibliography 8. Innate Host Responses • Barriers to Infection • Soluble Components of Innate Responses Antimicrobial Peptides and Chelators Complement Alternate Pathway Lectin Pathway Classical Pathway Biological Activities of Complement Components Membrane Attack Complex Regulation of Complement Activation Interferons • Cellular Components of Innate Responses Neutrophils Mast Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils Cells of the Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage Immature Dendritic Cells and Dendritic Cells Natural Killer Cells, γ/δ T Cells, and NKT Cells • Activation of Innate Cellular Responses Chemotaxis and Leukocyte Migration Phagocytic Responses • Normal Flora–Associated Responses • Inflammation Proinflammatory Cytokines Acute Inflammation Acute-Phase Response Sepsis and Cytokine Storms • Bridge to Antigen-Specific Immune Responses Questions Answers Bibliography 9. Antigen-Specific Immune Responses • Immunogens, Antigens, and Epitopes • T Cells • Cell Surface Receptors of T Cells • Development of T Cells • Initiation of T-Cell Responses Antigen Presentation to T Cells Peptide Presentation by Class I and Class II MHC Molecules • Activation of CD4 T Cells and Their Response to Antigen CD4 T-Helper Cell Functions • CD8 T Cells • NKT Cells • B Cells and Humoral Immunity • Immunoglobulin Types and Structures Immunoglobulin D Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin E • Immunogenetics • Antibody Response Time Course of the Antibody Response Questions Answers Bibliography 10. Immune Responses to Infectious Agents • Antibacterial Responses Initiation of the Response Phagocytic Responses Antigen-Specific Response to Bacterial Challenge Skin, Intestinal, and Mucosal Immunity Bacterial Immunopathogenesis Bacterial Evasion of Protective Responses • Antiviral Responses Host Defenses against Viral Infection Innate Defenses Interferon Antigen-Specific Immunity Humoral Immunity T-Cell Immunity Immune Response to Viral Challenge Primary Viral Challenge Secondary Viral Challenge Viral Mechanisms for Escaping the Immune Response Viral Immunopathogenesis • Specific Immune Responses to Fungi • Specific Immune Responses to Parasites Evasion of Immune Mechanisms by Parasites • Other Immune Responses • Immunopathogenesis Hypersensitivity Responses Cytokine Storm • Autoimmune Responses • Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Hereditary Complement Deficiencies and Microbial Infection Defects in Phagocyte Action Deficiencies in Antigen-Specific Immune Responses Questions Answers Bibliography 11. Antimicrobial Vaccines • Types of Immunizations Passive Immunization Active Immunization Inactivated Vaccines Live Vaccines Future Directions for Vaccination • Immunization Programs Questions Answers Bibliography Websites SECTION 4 - Bacteriology 12. Bacterial Classification, Structure, and Replication • Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes • Bacterial Classification Macroscopic and Microscopic Distinction Metabolic, Antigenic, and Genetic Distinction • Bacterial Structure Cytoplasmic Structures Cell Wall Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria External Structures Bacteria with Alternative Cell Wall Structures • Structure and Biosynthesis of the Major Components of the Bacterial Cell Wall Peptidoglycan (Mucopeptide, Murein) Peptidoglycan Synthesis Teichoic Acid Lipopolysaccharide • Cell Division • Spores Questions Answers Bibliography 13. Bacterial Metabolism and Genetics • Bacterial Metabolism Metabolic Requirements Metabolism, Energy, and Biosynthesis Glycolysis and Fermentation Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Pentose Phosphate Pathway • Bacterial Genes and Expression Transcription Translation Control of Gene Expression Replication of DNA Bacterial Growth Population Dynamics • Bacterial Genetics Mutation, Repair, and Recombination Mutations and Their Consequences Repair Mechanisms of DNA Gene Exchange in Prokaryotic Cells Mechanisms of Genetic Transfer between Cells Transformation Conjugation Transduction Recombination Genetic Engineering Questions Answers Bibliography Articles on Probiotics 14. Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis • Entry into the Human Body • Colonization, Adhesion, and Invasion • Pathogenic Actions of Bacteria Tissue Destruction Toxins Exotoxins Endotoxin and Other Cell Wall Components • Immunopathogenesis • Mechanisms for Escaping Host Defenses • Summary Questions Answers Bibliography 15. Role of Bacteria in Disease Bibliography 16. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases • Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Other Normally Sterile Fluids Upper Respiratory Tract Specimens Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens Ear and Eye Wounds, Abscesses, and Tissues Urine Genital Specimens Fecal Specimens • Bacterial Detection and Identification Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests Questions Answers Bibliography 17. Antibacterial Agents • Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis β-Lactam Antibiotics Penicillins Cephalosporins and Cephamycins Carbapenems and Monobactams Glycopeptides Lipopeptides Polypeptides Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, and Cycloserine • Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Glycylclines Oxazolidinones Chloramphenicol Macrolides Ketolides Clindamycin Streptogramins • Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Quinolones Rifampin and Rifabutin Metronidazole Antimetabolites • Other Antibiotics Questions Answers Bibliography 18. Staphylococcus and Related Gram-Positive Cocci Answers • Physiology and Structure Capsule and Slime Layer Peptidoglycan and Associated Enzymes Teichoic Acids and Lipoteichoic Acids Surface Adhesion Proteins Cytoplasmic Membrane • Pathogenesis and Immunity Regulation of Virulence Genes Defenses Against Innate Immunity Staphylococcal Toxins Cytotoxins Exfoliative Toxins Enterotoxins Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 Staphylococcal Enzymes • Epidemiology • Clinical Diseases (Box 18-1) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (Clinical Case 18-1) Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS; Clinical Case 18-2) Cutaneous Infections Bacteremia and Endocarditis (Clinical Case 18-3) Pneumonia and Empyema Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Staphylococcus epidermidis and Other Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Endocarditis (Clinical Case 18-4) Catheter and Shunt Infections Prosthetic Joint Infections Urinary Tract Infections • Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Antibody Detection • Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 19. Streptococcus and Enterococcus Answers • Streptococcus pyogenes Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Initial Host-Parasite Interactions Toxins and Enzymes Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Suppurative Streptococcal Disease Pharyngitis Pyoderma Erysipelas Cellulitis Necrotizing Fasciitis Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (Clinical Case 19-1) Other Suppurative Diseases Bacteremia Nonsuppurative Streptococcal Disease Rheumatic Fever Acute Glomerulonephritis Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Streptococcus agalactiae Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Early-Onset Neonatal Disease Late-Onset Neonatal Disease (Clinical Case 19-2) Infections in Pregnant Women Infections in Men and Nonpregnant Women Laboratory Diagnosis Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Other β-Hemolytic Streptococci • Viridans Streptococci • Streptococcus pneumoniae Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Colonization and Migration Tissue Destruction Phagocytic Survival Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Pneumonia (Clinical Case 19-3) Sinusitis and Otitis Media Meningitis Bacteremia Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Enterococcus Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (See Box 19-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 20. Bacillus Answers • Bacillus anthracis Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 20-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Bacillus cereus Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 21. Listeria and Related Gram-Positive Bacteria Answers • Listeria monocytogenes Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Table 21-2) Neonatal Disease Infections in Pregnant Women Disease in Healthy Adults Meningitis in Adults (Clinical Case 21-1) Primary Bacteremia Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Table 21-2; Clinical Case 21-2) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Corynebacterium diphtheriae Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Respiratory Diphtheria (Clinical Case 21-3) Cutaneous Diphtheria Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Culture Identification Toxigenicity Testing Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 22. Mycobacterium and Related Acid-Fast Bacteria Answers • Physiology and Structure of Mycobacteria • Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 22-1) Laboratory Diagnosis (Box 22-1) Immunodiagnosis Microscopy Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control Treatment Chemoprophylaxis Immunoprophylaxis Control • Other Slow-Growing Mycobacteria • Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria • Nocardia Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Box 22-2) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Other Weakly Acid-Fast Bacteria Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 23. Neisseria and Related Genera Answers • Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity (Table 23-2) Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Box 23-1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Gonococcemia (Clinical Case 23-1) Other Neisseria gonorrhoeae Syndromes Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis Meningococcemia (Clinical Case 23-2) Other Neisseria meningitidis Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Other Neisseria Species Eikenella corrodens Kingella kingae Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 24. Haemophilus and Related Bacteria Answers • Haemophilus Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Table 24-2) Meningitis Epiglottitis Cellulitis Arthritis Otitis, Sinusitis, and Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (Clinical Case 24-1) Conjunctivitis Chancroid Other Infections Laboratory Diagnosis Specimen Collection and Transport Microscopy Antigen Detection Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control Actinobacillus Aggregatibacter (Clinical Case 24-2) Pasteurella (Clinical Case 24-3) Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 25. Enterobacteriaceae Answers • General Properties Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Endotoxin Capsule Antigenic Phase Variation Type III Secretion Systems Sequestration of Growth Factors Resistance to Serum Killing Antimicrobial Resistance • Escherichia coli Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Gastroenteritis Enterotoxigenic E. coli Enteropathogenic E. coli Enteroaggregative E. coli Shiga Toxin–Producing E. coli (Clinical Case 25-1) Enteroinvasive E. coli Extraintestinal Infections Urinary Tract Infection Neonatal Meningitis Septicemia • Salmonella Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Gastroenteritis Septicemia Enteric Fever (Clinical Case 25-2) Asymptomatic Colonization • Shigella Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 25-3) • Yersinia Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 25-4) • Other Enterobacteriaceae Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, and Serratia • Other General Properties Laboratory Diagnosis Culture Biochemical Identification Serologic Classification Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 26. Vibrio and Related Bacteria Answers • Vibrio Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity (Table 26-3) Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Box 26-1) Vibrio cholerae (Clinical Case 26-1) Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Clinical Case 26-2) Vibrio vulnificus (Clinical Case 26-3) Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Immunoassays Culture Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Aeromonas Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 27. Pseudomonas and Related Bacteria Answers • Pseudomonas Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Adhesins Secreted Toxins and Enzymes Antibiotic Resistance Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Box 27-1) Pulmonary Infections Primary Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Urinary Tract Infections Ear Infections Eye Infections Bacteremia and Endocarditis Other Infections Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Culture Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Burkholderia • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia • Acinetobacter • Moraxella Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 28. Campylobacter and Helicobacter Answers • Campylobacter Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 28-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Helicobacter Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 28-2) Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Identification Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 29. Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Rods Answers • Bartonella • Bordetella • Other Bordetella Species • Brucella Clinical Diseases • Cardiobacterium • Francisella • Legionella • Streptobacillus Case Study 1 and Questions Case Study 2 and Questions Case Study 3 and Questions Case Study 4 and Questions Answers Bibliography 30. Clostridium Answers • Clostridium difficile (Clinical Case 30-1) Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Box 30-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Clostridium perfringens Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Box 30-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Clostridium tetani Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 30-3; see Box 30-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Clostridium botulinum Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (see Box 30-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Other Clostridial Species Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 31. Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria Answers • Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci • Anaerobic Gram-Positive Rods Actinomyces Lactobacillus Mobiluncus Propionibacterium Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium • Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci • Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Respiratory Tract Infections Brain Abscess Intraabdominal Infections Gynecologic Infections Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (Clinical Case 31-4) Bacteremia Gastroenteritis Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Culture Biochemical Identification Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Studies and Questions Answers Bibliography 32. Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira Answers • Treponema Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 32-1) Laboratory Diagnosis (Table 32-3) Microscopy Culture Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Borrelia Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Lyme Disease (Clinical Case 32-2) Relapsing Fever (Clinical Case 32-3) Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Culture Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Leptospira Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 32-4) Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Culture Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 33. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Answers • Physiology and Structure • Pathogenesis and Immunity • Epidemiology • Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 33-1) • Laboratory Diagnosis (Table 33-2) • Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 34. Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Related Bacteria Answers • Rickettsiaceae Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Anaplasmataceae Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology (see Table 34-2) Clinical Diseases Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis Human (Canine) Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Human Anaplasmosis (Clinical Case 34-3) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Coxiellaceae Coxiella burnetii Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology (see Table 34-2) Clinical Diseases (Clinical Case 34-4) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 35. Chlamydia and Chlamydophila Answers • Family Chlamydiaceae Physiology and Structure Chlamydia trachomatis Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Diseases Trachoma Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis Neonatal Conjunctivitis Infant Pneumonia (Clinical Case 35-1) Ocular Lymphogranuloma Venereum Urogenital Infections (Clinical Case 35-2) Lymphogranuloma Venereum Laboratory Diagnosis Antigen Detection Nucleic Acid–Based Tests Culture Antibody Detection Treatment, Prevention, and Control Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydophila psittaci (Clinical Case 35-3) Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography SECTION 5 - Virology 36. Viral Classification, Structure, and Replication • Classification • Virion Structure Capsid Viruses Enveloped Viruses • Viral Replication Recognition of and Attachment to the Target Cell Penetration Uncoating Macromolecular Synthesis DNA Viruses RNA Viruses Viral Protein Synthesis Assembly Release Reinitiation of the Replication • Viral Genetics • Viral Vectors for Therapy Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 37. Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis • Basic Steps in Viral Disease • Infection of the Target Tissue • Viral Pathogenesis Cytopathogenesis Lytic Infections Nonlytic Infections Oncogenic Viruses Host Defenses Against Viral Infection Immunopathology • Viral Disease • Epidemiology Exposure Transmission of Viruses Maintenance of a Virus in the Population Age Immune Status Other Host Factors Geographic and Seasonal Considerations Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics • Control of Viral Spread Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 38. Role of Viruses in Disease • Viral Diseases Oral and Respiratory Tract Infections Flulike and Systemic Symptoms Gastrointestinal Tract Infections Exanthems, Hemorrhagic Fevers, and Arthritides Infections of the Eye Infections of the Organs and Tissues Infections of the Central Nervous System Hematologic Diseases Sexually Transmitted Viral Diseases Viruses Spread by Transfusion and Transplantation Viruses Spread by Arthropods and Animals Syndromes of Possible Viral Etiology • Chronic and Potentially Oncogenic Infections • Infections in Immunocompromised Patients • Congenital, Neonatal, and Perinatal Infections Bibliography Websites 39. Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Diseases • Specimen Collection • Cytology • Electron Microscopy • Viral Isolation and Growth Cell Culture Viral Detection Interpretation of Culture Results • Detection of Viral Proteins • Detection of Viral Genetic Material • Viral Serology Serologic Test Methods Limitations of Serologic Methods Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 40. Antiviral Agents and Infection Control • Targets for Antiviral Drugs Virion Disruption Attachment Penetration and Uncoating RNA Synthesis Genome Replication Protein Synthesis Virion Assembly and Release Stimulators of Host Innate Immune Protective Responses • Nucleoside Analogs Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Penciclovir, and Famciclovir Ganciclovir Cidofovir and Adefovir Azidothymidine Dideoxyinosine, Dideoxycytidine, Stavudine, and Lamivudine Ribavirin Other Nucleoside Analogs • Nonnucleoside Polymerase Inhibitors • Protease Inhibitors • Antiinfluenza Drugs • Immunomodulators • Infection Control Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 41. Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses Answers • Human Papillomaviruses Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Warts Head and Neck Tumors Anogenital Warts Cervical Dysplasia and Neoplasia Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Polyomaviridae Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Box 41-5) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 42. Adenoviruses Answers • Structure and Replication • Pathogenesis and Immunity • Epidemiology • Clinical Syndromes (Box 42-4) Acute Febrile Pharyngitis and Pharyngoconjunctival Fever Acute Respiratory Disease Other Respiratory Tract Diseases Conjunctivitis and Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Gastroenteritis and Diarrhea Other Manifestations Systemic Infection in Immunocompromised Patients • Laboratory Diagnosis • Treatment, Prevention, and Control Therapeutic Adenoviruses Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 43. Human Herpesviruses Answers • Structure of Herpesviruses • Herpesvirus Replication • Herpes Simplex Virus Herpes Simplex Virus Proteins Replication Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Direct Analysis of a Clinical Sample Virus Isolation Genome Detection Serology Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Varicella-Zoster Virus Structure and Replication Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Epstein-Barr Virus Structure and Replication Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 43-2) Heterophile Antibody–Positive Infectious Mononucleosis Chronic Disease Epstein-Barr Virus–Induced Lymphoproliferative Diseases Hairy Oral Leukoplakia Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Cytomegalovirus Structure and Replication Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology and Clinical Syndromes Congenital Infection Perinatal Infection Infection in Children and Adults Transmission via Transfusion and Transplantation Infection in the Immunocompromised Host Laboratory Diagnosis Histology Antigen and Genome Detection Culture Serology Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity Clinical Syndromes (Box 43-13) • Other Human Herpesviruses Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus) Case Studies and Questions Answers Bibliography Herpes Simplex Virus Varicella-Zoster Virus Epstein-Barr Virus Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 44. Poxviruses Answers • Structure and Replication • Pathogenesis and Immunity • Epidemiology • Clinical Syndromes Smallpox Vaccinia and Vaccine-Related Disease (Clinical Case 44-1) Orf, Cowpox, and Monkeypox Molluscum Contagiosum (Box 44-4) Hybrid Poxviruses for Gene Delivery and Vaccines Questions Answers Bibliography 45. Parvoviruses Answers • Structure and Replication • Pathogenesis and Immunity • Epidemiology • Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 45-1) • Laboratory Diagnosis • Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 46. Picornaviruses Answers • Structure • Replication • Enteroviruses Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Poliovirus Infections Coxsackievirus and Echovirus Infections Other Enterovirus Diseases Laboratory Diagnosis Clinical Chemistry Culture Genome and Serology Studies Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Rhinoviruses Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Box 46-6) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 47. Coronaviruses and Noroviruses Answers • Coronaviruses Structure and Replication Pathogenesis and Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Noroviruses Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 47-1; Box 47-4) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 48. Paramyxoviruses Answers • Structure and Replication • Measles Virus Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Parainfluenza Viruses Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Mumps Virus Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Box 48-11) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Human Metapneumovirus • Nipah and Hendra Viruses Case Studies and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 49. Orthomyxoviruses Answers • Structure and Replication • Pathogenesis and Immunity • Epidemiology • Clinical Syndromes (Box 49-4) • Laboratory Diagnosis • Treatment, Prevention, and Control Thogotoviruses Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 50. Rhabdoviruses, Filoviruses, and Bornaviruses Answers • Rhabdoviruses Physiology, Structure, and Replication Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Box 50-4) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment and Prophylaxis • Filoviruses Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Borna Disease Virus Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Clinical Syndromes Epidemiology Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Filoviruses Bornaviruses Websites 51. Reoviruses Answers • Structure • Replication • Orthoreoviruses (Mammalian Reoviruses) Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Rotaviruses Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 51-1; Box 51-4) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Coltiviruses and Orbiviruses Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 52. Togaviruses and Flaviviruses Answers • Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses Structure and Replication of Alphaviruses Structure and Replication of Flaviviruses Pathogenesis and Immunity Immune Response Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Rubella Virus Pathogenesis and Immunity Immune Response Congenital Infection Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Studies and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 53. Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae Answers • Bunyaviridae Structure Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 53-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Arenaviruses Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Box 53-5) Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Lassa and Other Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Studies and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 54. Retroviruses Answers • Classification • Structure • Replication • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Geographic Distribution Transmission Populations at Highest Risk Clinical Syndromes Lymphadenopathy and Fever Opportunistic Infections Malignancies Dementia Related to AIDS Laboratory Diagnosis Genomics Serology Immunologic Studies Treatment, Prevention, and Control Education Blood, Blood Product, and Organ Screening Infection Control Approaches to Prophylaxis • Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus and Other Oncogenic Retroviruses Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Endogenous Retroviruses Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography HIV/AIDS and HTLV Websites HIV Therapy Websites 55. Hepatitis Viruses Answers • Hepatitis A Virus Structure Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hepatitis B Virus Structure Replication Pathogenesis and Immunity Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Acute Infection Chronic Infection Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hepatitis C and G Viruses Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 55-1) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hepatitis G Virus • Hepatitis D Virus Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Box 55-7) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hepatitis E Virus Case Studies and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites 56. Prion Diseases Answers • Structure and Physiology • Pathogenesis • Epidemiology • Clinical Syndromes • Laboratory Diagnosis • Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography Websites SECTION 6 - Mycology 57. Fungal Classification, Structure, and Replication • The Importance of Fungi • Fungal Taxonomy, Structure, and Replication • Ascomycota (Ascomycetes) • Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes) • Glomeromycota (Mucormycetes, formerly Zygomycetes) • Microspora (Microsporidia) • Classification of Human Mycoses Superficial Mycoses Cutaneous Mycoses Subcutaneous Mycoses Endemic Mycoses Opportunistic Mycoses Summary Questions Answers Bibliography 58. Pathogenesis of Fungal Disease • Primary Fungal Pathogens Blastomyces dermatitidis Modulation of Yeast and Host Immune System Interactions Presentation of Surface Antigen Modulates the T-Helper Pathway of Immune Response Coccidioides immitis Resistance of Conidia to Phagocytic Killing Stimulation of an Ineffective TH2 Immune Response by Coccidioides immitis Urease Production Extracellular Proteinases Molecular Mimicry Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasma capsulatum Resides in Host Macrophages Modulation of the pH of the Phagolysosome Iron and Calcium Uptake Alteration of Yeast Cell Wall Composition Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Hormonal Influences on Infection Role of Cell Wall Glucans in the Pathogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Responses to an Immunodominant Antigen, gp43 • Opportunistic Pathogens Candida Species Cryptococcus neoformans Aspergillus Species Questions Answers Bibliography 59. Role of Fungi in Disease Bibliography 60. Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Disease • Clinical Recognition of Fungal Infections • Conventional Laboratory Diagnosis Specimen Collection and Processing Stains and Direct Microscopic Examination Culture Identifying Characteristics of Various Fungi • Immunologic, Molecular, and Biochemical Markers for Direct Detection of Invasive Fungal Infections Questions Answers Bibliography 61. Antifungal Agents • Systemically Active Antifungal Agents Azoles Echinocandins Antimetabolites Allylamines Griseofulvin • Topical Antifungal Agents • Investigational Antifungal Agents • Combinations of Antifungal Agents in the Treatment of Mycoses • Mechanisms of Resistance to Antifungal Agents Polyenes Azoles Echinocandins Flucytosine Allylamines Clinical Factors Contributing to Resistance Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Questions Answers Bibliography 62. Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses Answers • Superficial Mycoses Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Tinea Nigra Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment White Piedra Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Black Piedra Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Cutaneous Mycoses Dermatophytoses (Clinical Cases 62-1 and 62-2) Morphology Ecology and Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Onychomycosis Caused by Nondermatophytic Fungi Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 63. Subcutaneous Mycoses Answers • Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Chromoblastomycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Eumycotic Mycetoma Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Subcutaneous Entomophthoromycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 64. Systemic Mycoses Caused By Dimorphic Fungi Answers • Blastomycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Coccidioidomycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Emmonsiosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Histoplasmosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Histoplasmosis Capsulati Histoplasmosis Duboisii Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Paracoccidioidomycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) Marneffei Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 65. Opportunistic Mycoses Answers • Candidiasis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Opportunistic Mycoses Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Other Noncandidal Yeastlike Fungi Cryptococcosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Other Mycoses Caused by Yeastlike Fungi • Microsporidia Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Aspergillosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention • Mucormycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Mycoses Caused by Other Hyaline Molds • Phaeohyphomycosis • Pneumocystosis Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 66. Fungal and Fungal-Like Infections of Unusual or Uncertain Etiology Answers • Adiaspiromycosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Chlorellosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Lacaziosis (Lobomycosis) Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Protothecosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Pythiosis Insidiosi Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Lagenidiosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndrome Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment • Rhinosporidiosis Morphology Epidemiology Clinical Syndrome Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 67. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicoses Answers • Aflatoxins • Citrinin • Ergot Alkaloids • Fumonisins • Ochratoxin • Trichothecenes • Other Mycotoxins and Purported Mycotoxicoses Questions Answers Bibliography SECTION 7 - Parasitology 68. Parasitic Classification, Structure, and Replication • Importance of Parasites • Classification and Structure Protozoa Flagellates: Metamonada, Parabasala, Percolozoa, and Euglenozoa Amoebozoa Apicomplexa Ciliophora Stramenopila (Formerly Chromista) Animalia (Metazoa) Helminths Nemathelminthes Platyhelminthes Arthropods Myriapoda Pentastomida Crustacea Chelicerata Insecta • Physiology and Replication Protozoa Animalia (Metazoa) Helminths Arthropods • Summary Questions Answers Bibliography 69. Pathogenesis of Parasitic Diseases • Exposure and Entry • Adherence and Replication • Cell and Tissue Damage • Disruption, Evasion, and Inactivation of Host Defenses Questions Answers Bibliography 70. Role of Parasites in Disease Bibliography 71. Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Disease • Parasite Life Cycle as an Aid in Diagnosis • General Diagnostic Considerations • Parasitic Infections of the Intestinal and Urogenital Tracts Fecal Specimen Collection Techniques of Stool Examination Macroscopic Examination Direct Wet Mount Concentration Permanently Stained Slides Collection and Examination of Specimens Other Than Stool Perianal Specimens Sigmoidoscopic Material Duodenal Aspirates Liver Abscess Aspirate Sputum Urine Urogenital Specimens • Parasitic Infections of Blood and Tissue Blood Films Specimens Other Than Blood • Alternatives to Microscopy Immunodiagnostics Molecular Diagnostic Approaches Culture Animal Inoculation Xenodiagnosis Questions Answers Bibliography 72. Antiparasitic Agents • Targets for Antiparasitic Drug Action • Drug Resistance • Antiparasitic Agents Antiprotozoal Agents Heavy Metals Quinoline Derivatives Folic Acid Antagonists Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Diamidines Nitroimidazoles Sesquiterpenes Atovaquone-Proguanil (Malarone) Miltefosine Nitazoxanide Other Antiprotozoal Agents Anthelmintic Agents Benzimidazoles Tetrahydropyrimidines Piperazines Avermectins Pyrazinoisoquinolines Phenols Other Anthelmintic Agents Questions Answers Bibliography 73. Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa Answers • Amebae Entamoeba histolytica Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Other Intestinal Amebae • Flagellates Giardia duodenalis (G. lamblia, G. intestinalis) Physiology and Structure Pathogenesis Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Dientamoeba fragilis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Trichomonas vaginalis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Ciliates Balantidium coli Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Sporozoa (Coccidia) Cystoisospora (Formerly Isospora) belli Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Sarcocystis Species Cryptosporidium Species Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 73-3) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Cyclospora Species Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 74. Blood and Tissue Protozoa Answers • Plasmodium Species Plasmodium falciparum Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Plasmodium knowlesi Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Plasmodium vivax Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Plasmodium ovale Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Plasmodium malariae Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Babesia Species Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Toxoplasma gondii Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Sarcocystis lindemanni • Free-Living Amebae Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Leishmania Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Trypanosomes Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Trypanosoma cruzi Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 75. Nematodes Answers • Enterobius vermicularis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Ascaris lumbricoides Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Toxocara and Baylisascaris Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Trichuris trichiura Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Ancylostoma braziliense Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Strongyloides stercoralis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Trichinella spiralis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Loa loa Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Mansonella Species Mansonella perstans Mansonella ozzardi Mansonella streptocerca • Onchocerca volvulus Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Dirofilaria immitis • Dracunculus medinensis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 76. Trematodes Answers • Fasciolopsis buski Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Fasciola hepatica Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Clonorchis sinensis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes (Clinical Case 76-2) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Paragonimus westermani Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Schistosomes Schistosoma mansoni Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Schistosoma japonicum Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Schistosoma haematobium Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Cercarial Dermatitis Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 77. Cestodes Answers • Taenia solium Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Cysticercosis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Taenia saginata Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Diphyllobothrium latum Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Sparganosis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Echinococcus granulosus Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Echinococcus multilocularis Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hymenolepis nana Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hymenolepis diminuta Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Dipylidium caninum Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography 78. Arthropods Answers • Myriapoda Centipedes Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Crustacea Copepods Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Decapods Pentastomida Tongue Worms Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Chelicerata (Arachnida) Spiders Black Widow Spiders Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control Brown Recluse Spiders Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Scorpions Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Mites Itch Mites Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Human Follicle Mites Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment Chigger Mites Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control Ticks Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control • Hexapoda (Insecta) Bloodsucking Diptera Mosquitoes Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control Gnats and Biting Midges Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control Sandflies Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control Blackflies Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Horseflies and Deerflies Muscoid Flies Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Prevention and Control Myiasis-Causing Flies Sucking Lice Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Fleas Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Bugs Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Diagnosis Treatment, Prevention, and Control Stinging Insects Physiology and Structure Epidemiology Clinical Syndromes Treatment, Prevention, and Control Case Study and Questions Answers Bibliography INDEX
