Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability, Third Edition

TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 12
Impact of Chronic Illness and Disability......Page 26
Impairment, Disability, and Handicap......Page 27
Stress in Chronic Illness and Disability......Page 28
Coping Style and Strategies......Page 29
Compensation......Page 30
Grief......Page 31
Guilt......Page 32
Chronic Illness and Disability Through the Life Cycle......Page 33
Chronic Illness or Disability in Childhood......Page 34
Chronic Illness or Disability in Young Adulthood......Page 35
Chronic Illness or Disability in Older Adulthood......Page 36
Body Image......Page 37
The Impact of Uncertainty......Page 38
Sexuality......Page 39
Family Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability......Page 40
Quality of Life......Page 41
Adherence to Prescribed Treatment and Recommendations......Page 42
Stages of Adaptation and Adjustment......Page 44
Lifestyle Issues in Chronic Illness and Disability......Page 45
Vocational Issues in Chronic Illness and Disability......Page 46
Normal Structure and Function of the Nervous System......Page 50
The Central Nervous System......Page 51
The Brain......Page 53
Traumatic and Atraumatic Brain Damage......Page 55
Right-Sided Versus Left-Sided Brain Damage......Page 62
Functional Consequences of Brain Damage......Page 63
Treatment and Management of Brain Damage......Page 71
Functional Implications of Brain Damage......Page 74
Cerebral Palsy......Page 80
Epilepsy......Page 85
Computed Tomography (CT Scan, CAT Scan)......Page 92
Brain Scan (Brain Nuclear Scan)......Page 93
Electroencephalography (EEG)......Page 94
Case Studies......Page 95
The Spinal Cord......Page 98
The Peripheral Nervous System......Page 99
Spinal Cord Injuries......Page 101
Spina Bifida......Page 112
Poliomyelitis and Post-Polio Syndrome......Page 115
Parkinson's Disease......Page 119
Huntington's Disease (Huntington's Chorea)......Page 123
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's Disease)......Page 125
Guillain-Barré Syndrome......Page 127
Multiple Sclerosis......Page 129
Narcolepsy......Page 135
Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Velocity Studies......Page 136
Psychosocial Issues in Conditions of the Nervous System......Page 137
Vocational Issues in Conditions of the Nervous System......Page 142
Case Studies......Page 143
Normal Structure and Function of the Eye......Page 148
Measuring Vision......Page 150
Refractive Errors......Page 151
Opacities of the Eye......Page 152
Injuries to the Eyes......Page 153
Glaucoma......Page 154
Retinopathy......Page 156
Macular Degeneration......Page 157
Ophthalmoscopic Examination......Page 158
Refractive Eye Surgery......Page 159
Assistive Devices and Low-Vision Aids......Page 160
Orientation and Mobility Training......Page 161
Special Issues for Individuals Who Are Partially Sighted......Page 162
Psychological Issues in Conditions of the Eye and Blindness......Page 163
Lifestyle Issues in Conditions of the Eye and Blindness......Page 164
Vocational Issues for Individuals with Conditions of the Eye or Blindness......Page 165
Case Studies......Page 166
The Middle Ear......Page 168
The Inner Ear......Page 169
Definition and Classification of Hearing Loss......Page 170
Conditions of the Ear Contributing to Hearing Loss......Page 173
Identification of Hearing Loss......Page 176
Surgical Procedures......Page 181
Devices and Aids for Hearing Loss......Page 182
Deafness and Deaf Culture......Page 189
Psychological Issues in Hearing Loss......Page 191
Social Issues in Hearing Loss......Page 192
Vocational Issues in Hearing Loss......Page 194
Case Studies......Page 195
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders......Page 198
Conditions Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence......Page 200
Delirium and Dementia......Page 204
Schizophrenia......Page 207
Mood Disorders......Page 210
Anxiety Disorders......Page 211
Somatoform Disorders......Page 213
Personality Disorders......Page 214
Mental Status Examination and Assessment Through Interviews......Page 215
Neuropsychological Testing......Page 216
Psychiatric Rehabilitation......Page 217
Nonpharmacologic Approaches to Treatment of Psychiatric Disability......Page 218
Pharmacologic Approaches to Treatment of Psychiatric Disability......Page 219
Psychological Issues......Page 222
Social Issues......Page 223
Vocational Issues......Page 224
Case Studies......Page 225
Substance Abuse and Dependence......Page 230
Withdrawal......Page 231
Substance Use and Chronic Illness and Disability......Page 232
Physical Effects of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence......Page 233
Alcohol-Related Medical Illness......Page 234
Caffeine and Nicotine......Page 238
Sedatives......Page 239
Stimulants......Page 240
Cannabis......Page 242
Inhalants......Page 243
Drug-Related Illness......Page 244
Diagnostic Procedures......Page 246
Medical Evaluation......Page 247
Treatment of Substance Use Disorders......Page 248
Lifestyle Issues......Page 249
Social Issues......Page 250
Vocational Issues......Page 251
Case Studies......Page 252
Normal Structure and Function of Red Blood Cells......Page 256
Normal Structure and Function of White Blood Cells and Immunity......Page 257
Anemia......Page 259
Agranulocytosis (Neutropenia)......Page 261
Hemophilia......Page 262
Sickle Cell Disease......Page 265
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection......Page 269
Bleeding Time Test......Page 275
Sickle Cell Prep......Page 276
Psychological Issues......Page 277
Lifestyle Issues......Page 278
Vocational Issues in Conditions Affecting the Blood or Immune System......Page 279
Case Studies......Page 280
Normal Structure and Function of the Endocrine System......Page 284
Hyperthyroidism (Graves' Disease, Throtoxicosis)......Page 286
Cushing's Syndrome (Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction)......Page 287
Diabetes Mellitus......Page 288
General Treatment of Endocrine Conditions......Page 297
Vocational Issues in Endocrine Conditions......Page 298
Case Studies......Page 299
Normal Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System......Page 302
Conditions of the Mouth......Page 304
Conditions of the Esophagus......Page 305
Conditions of the Stomach......Page 307
Conditions of the Intestine......Page 310
Conditions of the Accessory Organs of the Gastrointestinal System......Page 316
Esophageal Manoscopy (Manometry)......Page 319
Computed Tomography (CT Scan, CAT Scan)......Page 320
Medications......Page 321
Psychological Issues......Page 322
Lifestyle Issues......Page 323
Vocational Issues in Conditions of the Gastrointestinal System......Page 324
Case Studies......Page 325
Normal Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System......Page 328
Arteriosclerosis (Atherosclerosis)......Page 330
Endocarditis......Page 331
Hypertension......Page 332
Coronary Artery Disease: Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction......Page 334
Cardiac Arrhythmia......Page 337
Valvular Heart Conditions......Page 340
Congestive Heart Failure......Page 341
Peripheral Vascular Conditions......Page 342
Cardiac Stress Test......Page 345
Cardiac Catheterization......Page 346
Surgical Treatment......Page 347
Cardiac Rehabilitation......Page 350
Psychological Issues......Page 351
Social Issues......Page 352
Case Studies......Page 353
Normal Structure and Function of the Respiratory System......Page 356
Infections of the Respiratory System......Page 358
Chronic Lung Diseases......Page 362
Occupational Lung Diseases (Pneumoconiosis; Asbestosis; Silicosis; Berylliosis; Byssinosis; Occupational Asthma)......Page 371
Cystic Fibrosis......Page 373
Apnea......Page 376
Chest Injuries......Page 377
Pulmonary Function Tests......Page 378
General Treatment for Respiratory Conditions......Page 379
Psychological Issues......Page 380
Lifestyle Issues......Page 381
Social Issues......Page 382
Vocational Issues in Respiratory Conditions......Page 383
Case Studies......Page 384
Normal Structure and Function of the Urinary Tract......Page 388
Pyelonephritis......Page 390
Urinary or Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones; Nephrolithiasis; Urolithiasis)......Page 391
Glomerulonephritis......Page 392
Nephrectomy......Page 393
Renal Failure......Page 394
Creatinine Clearance Test......Page 408
Renal Biopsy......Page 409
Lifestyle Issues......Page 410
Vocational Issues in Renal and Urinary Tract Conditions......Page 411
Case Studies......Page 412
The Skeletal System......Page 414
Trauma......Page 417
Overuse and Repetitive Motion Injuries......Page 420
Degenerative Conditions......Page 421
Back Pain......Page 423
Chronic Pain......Page 427
Amputation......Page 431
Rheumatoid and Autoimmune Conditions......Page 436
Other Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System......Page 445
Arthrocentesis......Page 447
Computer Tomography (Computed Axial Tomography, CAT Scan, CT Scan)......Page 448
Medications......Page 449
Physical Therapy......Page 450
Orthoses......Page 451
Surgical Treatment......Page 452
Psychological Issues......Page 453
Lifestyle Issues......Page 454
Social Issues......Page 455
Vocational Issues in Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System......Page 456
Case Studies......Page 457
Normal Structure and Function of the Skin......Page 462
Psychological, Social, and Vocational Impact of Skin Conditions......Page 463
Allergic Reactions......Page 464
Psoriasis......Page 465
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)......Page 467
Medications......Page 468
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery......Page 469
Types of Burn Injury......Page 470
Burn Depth......Page 471
Burn Severity......Page 472
Burn Treatment......Page 473
Psychosocial Issues in Burn Injury......Page 476
Vocational Issues in Burn Injury......Page 479
Social Issues......Page 480
Case Studies......Page 481
Development of Cancer......Page 484
Causes of Cancer......Page 485
Staging and Grading of Cancer......Page 486
Cytology......Page 487
General Treatment of Cancer......Page 488
Chemotherapy......Page 489
Radiation Therapy......Page 490
Biological Therapies......Page 491
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract......Page 492
Cancer of the Larynx......Page 493
Cancer of the Urinary System......Page 496
Lymphomas......Page 498
Leukemia......Page 499
Cancer of the Breast......Page 500
Cancer of the Prostate......Page 502
Psychological Issues......Page 503
Social Issues......Page 505
Vocational Issues in Cancer......Page 506
Case Studies......Page 507
Defining Assistive Technology......Page 510
Individual Assessment......Page 511
Devices for Activities of Daily Living......Page 512
Communication Devices......Page 513
Other Types of Assistive Devices......Page 514
Assistive Devices in the Workplace......Page 515
Appraisal of Assistive Devices and Alternatives......Page 516
Defining Managed Care......Page 518
Additional Concepts in Managed Care......Page 519
Ethical Issues in Managed Care......Page 520
Impact of Managed Care on Individuals with Chronic Illness or Disability......Page 521
Future Issues Facing Managed Care......Page 522
APPENDIX A: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY......Page 524
A......Page 528
C......Page 531
D......Page 533
E......Page 535
H......Page 536
K......Page 538
L......Page 539
M......Page 540
O......Page 541
P......Page 542
S......Page 545
T......Page 547
V......Page 548
X......Page 549
APPENDIX C: MEDICATIONS......Page 550
B......Page 554
E......Page 555
L......Page 556
P......Page 557
V......Page 558
W......Page 559
APPENDIX E: FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS......Page 560
A......Page 562
B......Page 565
C......Page 567
D......Page 570
E......Page 572
F......Page 574
G......Page 575
H......Page 576
I......Page 578
L......Page 579
M......Page 580
N......Page 583
P......Page 584
R......Page 588
S......Page 590
T......Page 594
V......Page 595
Y......Page 597