Mechanisms & mechanical devices sourcebook

Front Matter......Page 1
About the Editors......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 0
Back Cover......Page 6
Preface......Page 7
Table of Contents......Page 9
1. Motion Control Systems......Page 14
Motion Control Systems Overview......Page 15
Glossary of Motion Control Terms......Page 22
High-Speed Gearheads Improve Small Servo Performance......Page 23
Modular Single-Axis Motion Systems......Page 25
Mechanical Components Form Specialized Motion-Control Systems......Page 26
Servomotors, Stepper Motors, and Actuators for Motion Control......Page 27
Servosystem Feedback Sensors......Page 35
Solenoids and Their Applications......Page 42
2. Robot Mechanisms......Page 46
Industrial Robots......Page 47
FANUC Robot Specifications......Page 51
Mechanism for Planar Manipulation With Simplified Kinematics......Page 56
Tool-Changing Mechanism for Robot......Page 57
Piezoelectric Motor in Robot Finger Joint......Page 58
Six-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Minimanipulator......Page 59
Self-Reconfigurable, Two-Arm Manipulator With Bracing......Page 60
Improved Roller and Gear Drives for Robots and Vehicles......Page 61
All-Terrain Vehicle With Self-Righting and Pose Control......Page 62
3. Parts-Handling Mechanisms......Page 63
Mechanisms That Sort, Feed, or Weigh......Page 64
Cutting Mechanisms......Page 68
Vibrating Mechanism......Page 70
Seven Basic Parts Selectors......Page 71
Eleven Parts-Handling Mechanisms......Page 72
Seven Automatic-Feed Mechanisms......Page 74
Seven Linkages for Transport Mechanisms......Page 77
Conveyor Systems for Production Machines......Page 80
Traversing Mechanisms for Winding Machines......Page 85
Machine Applies Labels from Stacks or Rollers......Page 87
High-Speed Machines for Adhesive Applications......Page 88
Automatic Stopping Mechanisms for Faulty Machine Operation......Page 94
Electrical Automatic Stopping Mechanisms......Page 100
Automatic Safety Mechanisms for Operating Machines......Page 102
4. Reciprocating and General-Purpose Mechanism......Page 104
Gears and Eccentric Disk Combine in Quick Indexing......Page 105
Timung Belts, Four-Bar Linkage Team Up for Smooth Indexing......Page 106
Modified Ratchet Drive......Page 107
Odd Shapes in Planetary Give Smooth Stop and Go......Page 108
Cycloid Gear Mechanism Controls Stroke of Pump......Page 110
New Star Wheels Challenge Geneva Drives for Indexing......Page 111
Geneva Mechanisms......Page 114
Modified Geneva Drives......Page 117
Indexing and Intermittent Mechanisms......Page 119
Rotary-to-Reciprocating Motion and Dwell Mechanisms......Page 127
Friction Devices for Intermittent Rotary Motion......Page 133
No Teeth on These Ratchets......Page 135
Cam-Controlled Planetary Gear System......Page 136
5. Special-Purpose Mechanisms......Page 137
Nine Different Ball Slides for Linear Motion......Page 138
Ball-Bearing Screws Convert Rotary to Linear Motion......Page 140
Three-Point Gear/Leadscrew Positioning......Page 141
Unique Linkage Produces Precise Straight-Line Motion......Page 142
Twelve Expanding and Contracting Devices......Page 144
Five Linkages for Straight-Line Motion......Page 146
Linkage Ratios for Straight-Line Mechanisms......Page 148
Linkages for Other Motions......Page 149
Five Cardan-Gear Mechanisms......Page 150
Ten Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction......Page 152
Nine More Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction......Page 154
Linkages for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes......Page 156
Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions......Page 158
Stroke Multiplier......Page 160
Force and Stroke Multipliers......Page 162
Stroke-Amplifying Mechanisms......Page 164
Adjustable-Stroke Mechanisms......Page 165
Adjustable-Output Mechanisms......Page 166
Reversing Mechanisms......Page 168
Computing Mechanisms......Page 169
Eighteen Variations of Differential Linkage......Page 173
Space Mechanisms......Page 175
Seven Popular Types of Three-Dimensional Drives......Page 177
Inchworm Actuator......Page 182
6. Spring, Bellow, Flexure, Screw and Ball Devices......Page 183
Flat Springs in Mechanisms......Page 184
Pop-Up Springs Get New Backbone......Page 186
Twelve Ways to Put Springs to Work......Page 187
Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-Torque Drives......Page 189
Spring Motors and Typical Associated Mechanisms......Page 191
Flexures Accurately Support Pivoting Mechanisms and Instruments......Page 193
Taut Bands and Leadscrew Provide Accurate Rotary Motion......Page 195
Air Spring Mechanisms......Page 196
Obtaining Variable Rates from Springs......Page 198
Belleville Springs......Page 199
Spring-Type Linkage for Vibration Control......Page 200
Twenty Screw Devices......Page 201
Ten Ways to Employ Screw Mechanisms......Page 204
Seven Special Screw Arrangements......Page 205
Fourteen Adjusting Devices......Page 206
Linear Roller Bearings Are Suited for High-Load, Heavy-Duty Tasks......Page 207
7. Cam, Toggle, Chain and Belt Mechanisms......Page 208
Cam Basics......Page 209
Cam-Curve Generating Mechanisms......Page 210
Fifteen Ideas for Cam Mechanisms......Page 216
Special-Function Cams......Page 218
Cam Drives for Machine Tools......Page 219
Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms......Page 220
Sixteen Latch, Toggle, and Trigger Devices......Page 222
Six Snap-Action Mechanisms......Page 224
Eight Snap-Action Devices......Page 226
Applications of the Differential Winch to Control Systems......Page 228
Six Applications for mechanical Power Amplifiers......Page 230
Variable-Speed Belt and Chain Drives......Page 233
Getting in Step With Hybrid Belts......Page 236
Motor Mount Pivots for Controlled Tension......Page 240
Bushed Roller Chains and Their Adaptations......Page 241
Six Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain......Page 243
Six More Jobs for Roller Chain......Page 245
Mechanisms for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives......Page 247
Smoother Drive Without Gears......Page 249
8. Geared Systems and Variable-Speed Mechanisms......Page 250
Gears and Gearing......Page 251
Nutating-Plate Drive......Page 252
Cone Drive Needs No Gears or Pulleys......Page 253
Variable-Speed Mechanical Drives......Page 254
Unidirectional Drive......Page 262
More Variable-Speed Drives......Page 263
Variable-Speed Friction Drives......Page 265
Variable-Speed Drives and Transmissions......Page 267
Precision Ball Bearings Replace Gears in Tiny Speed Reducers......Page 269
Multifunction Flywheel Smoothes Friction in Tape Cassette Drive......Page 270
Controlled Differential Drives......Page 271
Harmonic-Drive Speed Reducers......Page 272
Flexible Face-Gears Make Efficient High-Reduction Drives......Page 275
Compact Rotary Sequencer......Page 276
Planetary Gear Systems......Page 277
Noncircular Gears......Page 284
Sheet-Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms, and Ratchets......Page 288
How to Prevent Reverse Rotation......Page 290
Gear-Shift Arrangements......Page 291
Shifting Mechanisms for Gears and Clutches......Page 293
Fine-Focus Adjustments......Page 295
Twinworm Gear Drive......Page 296
Compliant Gearing for Redundant Torque Drive......Page 298
Worm Gear With Hydrostatic Engagement......Page 299
Straddle Design of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears......Page 301
9. Coupling, Clutching and Braking Devices......Page 302
Coupling of Parallel Shafts......Page 303
Novel Linkage Couples Offset Shafts......Page 304
Disk-and-Link Coupling Simplifies Transmissions......Page 305
Interlocking Space-Frames Flex as They Transmit Shaft Torque......Page 306
Off-Center Pins Cancel Misalignment of Shafts......Page 308
Hinged Links and Torsion Bushings Give Drives a Soft Start......Page 309
Universal Joint Relays Power 45° at Constant Speeds......Page 310
Basic Mechanical Clutches......Page 311
Spring-Wrapped Slip Clutches......Page 313
Controlled-Slip Concept Adds New Uses for Spring Clutches......Page 315
Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch......Page 316
Slip and Bidirectional Clutches Combine to Control Torque......Page 317
Walking Pressure Plate Delivers Constant Torque......Page 318
Fast-Reversal Reel Drive......Page 319
Seven Overrunning Clutches......Page 320
Roller-Type Clutch......Page 321
One-Way Output From Speed Reducers......Page 322
Springs, Shuttle Pinion, and Sliding Ball Perform in One-Way Drives......Page 323
Details of Overriding Clutches......Page 325
Ten Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches......Page 327
Applications for Sprag-Type Clutches......Page 329
Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service......Page 331
Mechanisms for Station Clutches......Page 333
Twelve Applications for Electromagnetic Clutches and Brakes......Page 335
Trip Roller Clutch......Page 337
Geared Electromechanical Rotary Joint......Page 338
Ten Universal Shaft Couplings......Page 339
Methods for Coupling Rotating Shafts......Page 341
Linkages for Band Clutches and Brakes......Page 345
Special Coupling Mechanisms......Page 346
Link Coupling Mechanisms......Page 347
10. Torque-Limiting, Tensioning, and Governing Devices......Page 348
Sensors Aid Clutch/Brakes......Page 349
Constant Watch on Cable Tension......Page 350
Torque-Limiters Protect Light-Duty Drives......Page 351
Limiters Prevent Overloading......Page 352
Seven Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation......Page 355
Mechanical Systems for Controlling Tension and Speed......Page 357
Drives for Controlling Tension......Page 361
Switch Prevents Overloading of a Hoist......Page 364
Mechanical, Geared, and Cammed Limit Switches......Page 365
Limit Switches in Machinery......Page 367
Automatic Speed Governors......Page 371
Centrifugal, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, and Electric Governors......Page 373
Speed Control Devices for Mechanisms......Page 375
Floating-Pinion Torque Splitter......Page 376
11. Pneumatic and Hydraulic Machine and Mechanism Control......Page 377
Designs and Operating Principles of Typical Pumps......Page 378
Rotary-Pump Mechanisms......Page 382
Mechanisms Actuated by Pneumatic or Hydraulic Cylinders......Page 384
Linkages Actuate Steering in a Tractor......Page 386
Fifteen Jobs for Pneumatic Power......Page 387
Ten Ways to Use Metal Diaphragms and Capsules......Page 388
Differential Transformer Sensing Devices......Page 390
High-Speed Counters......Page 392
Designing With Permanent Magnets......Page 393
Permanent Magnet Mechanisms......Page 395
Electrically Driven Hammer Mechanisms......Page 398
Thermostatic Mechanisms......Page 400
Temperature-Regulating Mechanisms......Page 404
Photoelectric Controls......Page 406
Liquid Level Indicators and Controllers......Page 408
Instant Muscle With Pyrotechnic Power......Page 410
12. Fastening, Latching, Clamping and Chucking Devices......Page 412
Remotely Controlled Latch......Page 413
Grapple Frees Loads Automatically......Page 414
Automatic Brake Locks Hoist When Driving Torque Ceases......Page 415
Perpendicular-Force Latch......Page 416
Quick-Release Mechanisms......Page 417
Cammed Jaws in Hydraulic Cylinder Grip Sheets......Page 418
Quick-Acting Clamps for Machines and Fixtures......Page 419
Friction Clamping Devices......Page 421
Detents for Stopping Mechanical Movements......Page 423
Ten Different Splined Connections......Page 425
Fourteen Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts......Page 427
Clamping Devices for Accurately Aligning Adjustable Parts......Page 429
Short In-Line Turnbuckle......Page 431
Actuator Exerts Tensile or Compressive Axial Load......Page 432
Gripping System for Mechanical Testing of Composites......Page 433
Passive Capture Joint With Three Degrees of Freedom......Page 434
Probe-and-Socket Fasteners for Robotic Assembly......Page 435
13. Key Equations and Charts for Designing Mechanisms......Page 436
Four-Bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications......Page 437
Designing Geared Five-Bar Mechanisms......Page 439
Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms-The External Geneva Wheel......Page 443
Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms-The Internal Geneva Wheel......Page 446
Equations for Designing Cycloid Mechanisms......Page 449
Designing Crank-and-Rocker Links With Optimum Force Transmission......Page 452
Design Curves and Equations for Gear-Slider Mechanisms......Page 455
Designing Snap-Action Toggles......Page 459
Feeder Mechanisms for Angular Motions......Page 462
Feeder Mechanisms for Curvilinear Motions......Page 463
Roberts\' Law Helps to Find Alternate Four-Bar Linkages......Page 466
Ratchet Layout Analyzed......Page 467
Slider-Crank Mechanism......Page 468
14. New Directions in Machine Design......Page 469
Software Improvements Expand CAD Capabilities......Page 470
New Processes Expand Choices for Rapid Prototyping......Page 474
Micromachines Open a New Frontier for Machine Design......Page 481
Gallery of MEMS Electron-Microscope Images......Page 484
Miniature Multispeed Transmissions for Small Motors......Page 487
MEMS Chips Become Integrated Microcontrol Systems......Page 488
LIGA: An Alternative Method for Making Microminiature Parts......Page 490
B......Page 492
C......Page 493
D......Page 499
F......Page 504
G......Page 505
H......Page 508
J......Page 509
L......Page 510
M......Page 512
O......Page 519
P......Page 520
R......Page 521
S......Page 523
T......Page 526
W......Page 527