Mechanism, Life and Mind in Modern Natural Philosophy

Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction: Mechanism, Life and Mind in Modern Natural Philosophy
	References
Part I: Life and Mechanism
	Chapter 2: Scaliger Bacon Harvey Glisson: A Trajectory in the Early Modern History of Vegetative Life
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Julius Caesar Scaliger, or the Primacy of the Vegetative Soul
		2.3 Francis Bacon, or the Obscure Force of Appetite
		2.4 William Harvey, or the Anatomy of Fluid Matter
		2.5 Conclusion: The Disquieting Nature of Undifferentiated and Indifferent Matter
		References
	Chapter 3: Jacob Schegk on Plants, Medicaments, and the Question of Emergence
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Fernel’s Critique of Emergentism
		3.3 Schegk’s Critique of Stoic Physics
		3.4 Schegk on Mixture, Innate Heat and Emergent Forms
		3.5 Schegk on Diachronic Downward Causation
		3.6 Schegk on Unity and Substantiality
		3.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Particles, Universal Spirit and Seeds: John Evelyn’s Theory of Matter in Elysium Britannicum
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Evelyn’s Theory of Matter in Elysium
		4.3 Fermentation as a Universally Generative Process of Nature
		4.4 Horizontal vs. Vertical Explanations
		4.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: Stimulus and Fibre Theory in Giorgio Baglivi’s Medicine: A Reassessment
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 An Outline of Baglivi’s Fibre Theory
		5.3 Baglivi’s Experiences with Poisons
			5.3.1 Music and Dance
			5.3.2 Vesicants
		5.4 Testing Drugs: Design of Experiments on Animals
		5.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 6: ‘Febris non est morbus, sed bellum contra morbum’. A Study of Seventeenth-Century Theories of Fever
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Daniel Sennert
		6.3 Tommaso Campanella and Jean Baptiste van Helmont
		6.4 Thomas Willis
		6.5 Giovanni Alfonso Borelli
		6.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 7: ‘The Operation of Nature Is Different from Mechanism’: Cudworth’s Account of Plastic Nature and Its Plotinian Background
		7.1 Cudworth’s Account of Plastic Nature
		7.2 Cudworth’s Interpretation of Plotinus: Nature and Formative Principles
		7.3 Cudworth and Early Modern Neoplatonism
		7.4 Dualism and Incorporeal Causation
		References
	Chapter 8: The Chain of Motions and the Chain of Thoughts. The Diachronic Mechanism of Spinoza’s Friends
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 A New Kind of Automaton
		8.3 The Man with the Hat
		8.4 The Diachronic Mechanism and the Role of Mind
		8.5 The Automaton Organist
		8.6 Philosophical Echoes? The Spiritual Automata
		References
	Chapter 9: Both Natural and Supernatural: Leibniz’s Integrated Model of Life
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Mechanisms and Organisms
		9.3 Organization and Self-Organization
		9.4 Animal Spirits, Impetuses and Appetites
		9.5 Acts, Actions and Propensities
		9.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10: Experience, Analogy and Mechanism in Maupertuis’s Theory of Generation
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 The Critique of Ovism and Spermatism
			10.2.1 The Empirical Argument
			10.2.2 The Theoretical Argument
		10.3 The Critique of Preexistence
			10.3.1 The Empirical Argument
			10.3.2 The Theoretical Argument
		10.4 Maupertuis’s Theory of Generation
		10.5 The Question of Mechanism
		10.6 The Question of Generation after the Vénus Physique
		10.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: “Nutrition, Vital Mechanisms and the Ontology of Life”
		11.1 Introduction. Seventeenth Century Mechanism and the Elimination of Life
		11.2 Descartes on Nutrition
		11.3 The Complicity Between Nutrition and Generation
		11.4 Intussusception
		11.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: Expanded Mechanism and/or Structural Vitalism: Further Thoughts on the Animal Economy
		12.1 Mechanism and Vitalism: The Situation
		12.2 All Mechanism Is Complex
		12.3 Mechanism and Life
		12.4 Structural Vitalism: The Notion of Animal Economy
		12.5 Expanded Mechanism and Structural Vitalism
		References
Part II: Mechanisms of the Mind
	Chapter 13: Powers of the Body and Eclipse of the Soul. From Descartes On
		13.1 Descartes, the Mind, the Body and the Direction of Movement
		13.2 The Reply to Arnauld
		13.3 The Description of the Human Body
		13.4 Movement and Direction of Movement
		13.5 Inheritance, Variations and Betrayals
			13.5.1 The Power of the Body
			13.5.2 The Power of God
		13.6 Materialist Occasionalism?
		13.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: Shaftesbury’s Conception of Human Thought
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Rational Creatures
		14.3 A System Within a System
		14.4 ‘Anticipating Fancy’
		14.5 ‘Reflex Affection’
		14.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
			Primary Literature
			Secondary Literature
	Chapter 15: Psychology and Mechanism: Christian Wolff on the Soul-Body Analogy
		15.1 The Meaning of ‘Mortal’
		15.2 Wolff’s Use of Analogy
		15.3 Analogy Against Materialism
		15.4 Forces, Laws, and Faculties
		15.5 Psychology and Physics
		15.6 Mental Machinery
		15.7 From Leibniz’s Automaton to Wolff’s Psychology
		15.8 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 16: Mental Machinery and Active Powers from Hartley to Ward
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Hartley, the Mechanism of Human Mind and the Power of Association
		16.3 The Reaction to British Associationism Within the Empirical Tradition: Mill, Bain, and Brentano
		16.4 Ward and the End of Mechanistic Psychology
		16.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 17: Mechanism, Organization, Mind: A Kantian Legacy in Nineteenth Century Psychology
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Kant: Mechanism, Organization, Mind
		17.3 Materialism, Mechanism and Psychology in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
		17.4 Lange: Kantianism, Mechanism, Emergence
		17.5 “Scientific Psychology” and the Fate of the Kantian Legacy
		References
	Chapter 18: Organic Memory and the Perils of Perigenesis: The Helmholtz-Hering Debate
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Hering on Organic Memory and Vital Force
		18.3 Helmholtz on Living Force
		18.4 The Law of Specific Nerve Energies as Battleground
		18.5 Coda: Helmholtz and Hering on the Unconscious
		References