Mechanics of materials

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Contents......Page 14
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.2 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body......Page 23
1.3 Stress......Page 41
1.4 Average Normal Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar......Page 43
1.5 Average Shear Stress......Page 51
1.6 Allowable Stress......Page 65
1.7 Design of Simple Connections......Page 66
2.1 Deformation......Page 84
2.2 Strain......Page 85
3.1 The Tension and Compression Test......Page 100
3.2 The Stress–Strain Diagram......Page 102
3.3 Stress–Strain Behavior of Ductile and Brittle Materials......Page 106
3.4 Hooke’s Law......Page 109
3.5 Strain Energy......Page 111
3.6 Poisson’s Ratio......Page 121
3.7 The Shear Stress–Strain Diagram......Page 123
3.8 Failure of Materials Due to Creep and Fatigue......Page 126
4.1 Saint-Venant’s Principle......Page 138
4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member......Page 141
4.3 Principle of Superposition......Page 155
4.4 Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Member......Page 156
4.5 The Force Method of Analysis for Axially Loaded Members......Page 162
4.6 Thermal Stress......Page 170
4.7 Stress Concentrations......Page 177
4.8 Inelastic Axial Deformation......Page 181
4.9 Residual Stress......Page 183
5.1 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft......Page 198
5.2 The Torsion Formula......Page 201
5.3 Power Transmission......Page 209
5.4 Angle of Twist......Page 219
5.5 Statically Indeterminate Torque-Loaded Members......Page 233
5.6 Solid Noncircular Shafts......Page 240
5.7 Thin-Walled Tubes Having Closed Cross Sections......Page 243
5.8 Stress Concentration......Page 253
5.9 Inelastic Torsion......Page 256
5.10 Residual Stress......Page 258
6.1 Shear and Moment Diagrams......Page 274
6.2 Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams......Page 281
6.3 Bending Deformation of a Straight Member......Page 300
6.4 The Flexure Formula......Page 304
6.5 Unsymmetric Bending......Page 321
6.6 Composite Beams......Page 331
6.7 Reinforced Concrete Beams......Page 334
6.8 Curved Beams......Page 338
6.9 Stress Concentrations......Page 345
6.10 Inelastic Bending......Page 354
7.1 Shear in Straight Members......Page 378
7.2 The Shear Formula......Page 380
7.3 Shear Flow in Built-Up Members......Page 397
7.4 Shear Flow in Thin-Walled Members......Page 406
7.5 Shear Center For Open Thin-Walled Members......Page 411
8.1 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels......Page 424
8.2 State of Stress Caused by Combined Loadings......Page 431
9.1 Plane-Stress Transformation......Page 456
9.2 General Equations of Plane-Stress Transformation......Page 461
9.3 Principal Stresses and Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress......Page 464
9.4 Mohr’s Circle—Plane Stress......Page 480
9.5 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress......Page 492
10.1 Plane Strain......Page 504
10.2 General Equations of Plane-Strain Transformation......Page 505
10.3 Mohr’s Circle—Plane Strain......Page 513
10.4 Absolute Maximum Shear Strain......Page 521
10.5 Strain Rosettes......Page 523
10.6 Material-Property Relationships......Page 527
10.7 Theories of Failure......Page 539
11.1 Basis for Beam Design......Page 556
11.2 Prismatic Beam Design......Page 559
11.3 Fully Stressed Beams......Page 573
11.4 Shaft Design......Page 577
12.1 The Elastic Curve......Page 588
12.2 Slope and Displacement by Integration......Page 592
12.3 Discontinuity Functions......Page 612
12.4 Slope and Displacement by the Moment-Area Method......Page 623
12.5 Method of Superposition......Page 638
12.6 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts......Page 646
12.7 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Method of Integration......Page 647
12.8 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Moment-Area Method......Page 652
12.9 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Method of Superposition......Page 658
13.1 Critical Load......Page 676
13.2 Ideal Column with Pin Supports......Page 679
13.3 Columns Having Various Types of Supports......Page 685
13.4 The Secant Formula......Page 697
13.5 Inelastic Buckling......Page 703
13.6 Design of Columns for Concentric Loading......Page 711
13.7 Design of Columns for Eccentric Loading......Page 722
14.1 External Work and Strain Energy......Page 734
14.2 Elastic Strain Energy for Various Types of Loading......Page 739
14.3 Conservation of Energy......Page 752
14.4 Impact Loading......Page 759
14.5 Principle of Virtual Work......Page 770
14.6 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Trusses......Page 774
14.7 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Beams......Page 781
14.8 Castigliano’s Theorem......Page 790
14.9 Castigliano’s Theorem Applied to Trusses......Page 792
14.10 Castigliano’s Theorem Applied to Beams......Page 795
A.1 Centroid of an Area......Page 803
A.2 Moment of Inertia for an Area......Page 806
A.3 Product of Inertia for an Area......Page 810
A.4 Moments of Inertia for an Area about Inclined Axes......Page 813
A.5 Mohr’s Circle for Moments of Inertia......Page 816
B. Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes......Page 819
C. Slopes and Deflections of Beams......Page 827
Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers......Page 829
Answers to Selected Problems......Page 847
B......Page 873
C......Page 874
E......Page 875
I......Page 876
M......Page 877
R......Page 878
S......Page 879
T......Page 880
Z......Page 881