Mechanics of Materials, Third Edition

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 14
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......Page 15
CONTENTS......Page 16
1.1 WHAT IS MECHANICS OF MATERIALS?......Page 21
1.2 THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF DEFORMABLE-BODY MECHANICS......Page 24
1.3 PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCEDURES......Page 26
1.4 REVIEW OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM; EQUILIBRIUM OF DEFORMABLE BODIES......Page 28
1.5 PROBLEMS......Page 37
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 42
2.2 NORMAL STRESS......Page 43
2.3 EXTENSIONAL STRAIN; THERMAL STRAIN......Page 51
2.4 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAMS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS......Page 57
2.5 ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS......Page 65
2.6 LINEAR ELASTICITY; HOOKE’S LAW AND POISSON’S RATIO......Page 68
2.7 SHEAR STRESS AND SHEAR STRAIN; SHEAR MODULUS......Page 71
2.8 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN—AXIAL LOADS AND DIRECT SHEAR......Page 77
2.9 STRESSES ON AN INCLINED PLANE IN AN AXIALLY LOADED MEMBER......Page 85
2.10 SAINT-VENANT’S PRINCIPLE......Page 87
2.11 HOOKE’S LAW FOR PLANE STRESS; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN E AND G......Page 89
2.12 GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF STRESS AND STRAIN......Page 92
*2.13 CARTESIAN COMPONENTS OF STRESS; GENERALIZED HOOKE’S LAW FOR ISOTROPIC MATERIALS......Page 102
*2.14 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS......Page 107
2.15 PROBLEMS......Page 109
3.2 BASIC THEORY OF AXIAL DEFORMATION......Page 138
3.3 EXAMPLES OF NONUNIFORM AXIAL DEFORMATION EXAMPLE 3.1......Page 146
3.4 STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURES EXAMPLE 3.5......Page 156
3.5 STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES......Page 163
3.6 THERMAL EFFECTS ON AXIAL DEFORMATION......Page 172
3.7 GEOMETRIC “MISFITS”......Page 183
3.8 DISPLACEMENT-METHOD SOLUTION OF AXIAL-DEFORMATION PROBLEMS......Page 188
*3.9 FORCE-METHOD SOLUTION OF AXIAL-DEFORMATION PROBLEMS......Page 200
*3.10 INTRODUCTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF PLANAR TRUSSES......Page 209
*3.11 INELASTIC AXIAL DEFORMATION......Page 217
3.12 PROBLEMS......Page 229
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 257
4.2 TORSIONAL DEFORMATION OF CIRCULAR BARS Geometry of Deformation of Circular Bars.......Page 258
4.3 TORSION OF LINEARLY ELASTIC CIRCULAR BARS Shear Stresses Due to Torsion.......Page 261
4.4 STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN CIRCULAR TORSION BARS; TORSION TESTING Stress Distribution.......Page 269
4.5 STATICALLY DETERMINATE ASSEMBLAGES OF UNIFORM TORSION MEMBERS......Page 273
4.6 STATICALLY INDETERMINATE ASSEMBLAGES OF UNIFORM TORSION MEMBERS......Page 278
*4.7 DISPLACEMENT-METHOD SOLUTION OF TORSION PROBLEMS......Page 286
4.8 POWER-TRANSMISSION SHAFTS......Page 292
*4.9 THIN-WALL TORSION MEMBERS......Page 295
*4.10 TORSION OF NONCIRCULAR PRISMATIC BARS......Page 300
*4.11 INELASTIC TORSION OF CIRCULAR RODS......Page 304
4.12 PROBLEMS......Page 310
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 329
5.2 EQUILIBRIUM OF BEAMS USING FINITE FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS......Page 334
5.3 EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LOADS, SHEAR FORCE, AND BENDING MOMENT......Page 338
5.4 SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS: EQUILIBRIUM METHOD......Page 341
5.5 SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS: GRAPHICAL METHOD......Page 346
*5.6 DISCONTINUITY FUNCTIONS TO REPRESENT LOADS, SHEAR, AND MOMENT......Page 353
5.7 PROBLEMS......Page 360
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 371
6.2 STRAIN-DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS......Page 374
6.3 FLEXURAL STRESS IN LINEARLY ELASTIC BEAMS......Page 380
6.4 DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR STRENGTH......Page 389
6.5 FLEXURAL STRESS IN NONHOMOGENEOUS BEAMS......Page 395
*6.6 UNSYMMETRIC BENDING......Page 403
*6.7 INELASTIC BENDING OF BEAMS......Page 412
6.8 SHEAR STRESS AND SHEAR FLOW IN BEAMS......Page 422
6.9 LIMITATIONS ON THE SHEAR-STRESS FORMULA......Page 428
6.10 SHEAR STRESS IN THIN-WALL BEAMS......Page 431
6.11 SHEAR IN BUILT-UP BEAMS......Page 441
*6.12 SHEAR CENTER......Page 445
6.13 PROBLEMS......Page 452
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 483
7.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTION CURVE......Page 484
7.3 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION—STATICALLY DETERMINATE BEAMS......Page 490
7.4 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION BY INTEGRATION—STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS......Page 503
*7.5 USE OF DISCONTINUITY FUNCTIONS TO DETERMINE......Page 508
7.6 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF BEAMS: SUPERPOSITION METHOD Introduction.......Page 515
*7.7 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF BEAMS: DISPLACEMENT METHOD......Page 533
7.8 PROBLEMS......Page 540
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 561
8.2 PLANE STRESS......Page 562
8.3 STRESS TRANSFORMATION FOR PLANE STRESS......Page 564
8.4 PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS......Page 571
8.5 MOHR’S CIRCLE FOR PLANE STRESS......Page 577
8.6 TRIAXIAL STRESS; ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS......Page 584
8.7 PLANE STRAIN......Page 591
8.8 TRANSFORMATION OF STRAINS IN A PLANE......Page 592
8.9 MOHR’S CIRCLE FOR STRAIN......Page 596
8.10 MEASUREMENT OF STRAIN; STRAIN ROSETTES......Page 602
*8.11 ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN......Page 607
8.12 PROBLEMS......Page 608
9.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 624
9.2 THIN-WALL PRESSURE VESSELS......Page 625
9.3 STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN BEAMS......Page 631
9.4 STRESSES DUE TO COMBINED LOADS......Page 636
EXAMPLE 9.4......Page 640
9.5 PROBLEMS......Page 645
10.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 655
10.2 THE IDEAL PIN-ENDED COLUMN; EULER BUCKLING LOAD......Page 658
10.3 THE EFFECT OF END CONDITIONS ON COLUMN BUCKLING......Page 664
*10.4 ECCENTRIC LOADING; THE SECANT FORMULA......Page 671
*10.5 IMPERFECTIONS IN COLUMNS......Page 677
*10.6 INELASTIC BUCKLING OF IDEAL COLUMNS......Page 678
10.7 DESIGN OF CENTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS......Page 682
10.8 PROBLEMS......Page 688
11.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 703
11.2 WORK AND STRAIN ENERGY......Page 704
11.3 ELASTIC STRAIN ENERGY FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF LOADING......Page 711
11.4 WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE FOR CALCULATING DEFLECTIONS......Page 717
11.5 CASTIGLIANO’S SECOND THEOREM; THE UNIT-LOAD METHOD......Page 722
*11.6 VIRTUAL WORK......Page 733
*11.7 STRAIN-ENERGY METHODS......Page 737
*11.8 COMPLEMENTARY-ENERGY METHODS......Page 742
*11.9 DYNAMIC LOADING; IMPACT......Page 752
11.10 PROBLEMS......Page 757
12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 STRESS CONCENTRATIONS......Page 773
EXAMPLE 12.2......Page 779
*12.3 FAILURE THEORIES......Page 780
*12.4 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE......Page 788
12.5 PROBLEMS......Page 792
A.1 Numerical Accuracy; Significant Digits
......Page 799
A.2 Approximations
......Page 800
B.2 SI Units......Page 801
B.3 U.S. Customary Units; Conversion of Units
......Page 803
C.1 First Moments of Area; Centroid
......Page 805
C.2 Moments of Inertia of an Area......Page 808
C.3 Product of Inertia of an Area......Page 812
C.4 Area Moments of Inertia About Inclined Axes; Principal Moments of Inertia
......Page 814
D - SECTION PROPERTIES OF SELECTED STRUCTURAL SHAPES......Page 821
D.1 Properties of Steel Wide-Flange (W) Shapes (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 822
D.2 Properties of Steel Wide-Flange (W) Shapes (SI Units)......Page 823
D.3 Properties of American Standard (S) Beams (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 824
D.4 Properties of American Standard (C) Channels (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 825
D.5 Properties of Steel Angle Sections— Equal Legs (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 826
D.6 Properties of Steel Angle Sections— Unequal Legs (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 827
D.7 Properties of Standard-Weight Steel Pipe (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 828
D.8 Properties of Structural Lumber (U.S. Customary Units)......Page 829
D.9 Properties of Aluminum Association Standard I-Beams (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 830
D.10 Properties of Aluminum Association Standard Channels (U.S. Customary Units)
......Page 831
E.1 Deflections and Slopes of Cantilever Uniform Beams
......Page 833
E.2 Deflections and Slopes of Simply Supported Uniform Beams
......Page 835
E.3 Fixed-End Actions for Uniform Beams
......Page 837
F - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ENGINEERING MATERIALS......Page 839
F.1 Specific Weight and Mass Density
......Page 840
F.2 Modulus of Elasticity, Shear Modulus of Elasticity, and Poisson’s Ratio
......Page 841
F.3 Yield Strength, Ultimate Strength, Percent Elongation in 2 Inches, and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
......Page 842
G.1 MDSolids......Page 843

ANSWERS TO SELECTED ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS......Page 847
REFERENCES......Page 849
INDEX......Page 851