Mechanical ventilation in emergency medicine

Contents
1: Introduction
2: Terminology and Definitions
	Ventilator Basics
	Physiology Terms
	Phases of Mechanical Breathing
	Ventilator Settings
	Ventilator Modes
		Conventional Modes of Ventilation
	Suggested Reading
3: Review of Physiology and Pathophysiology
	Gas Exchange
	Issues with Oxygenation
		Hypoxemia
		Hypoxic Vasoconstriction
		Atelectasis and Derecruitment
	Issues with Ventilation
	Compliance and Resistance
	Suggested Reading
4: Blood Gas Analysis
	ABG
	Different Types of Respiratory Failure
	ABG Versus VBG
	Suggested Reading
5: Noninvasive Respiratory Support
	Oxygen Support
	High Flow Nasal Cannula
	Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
	References
6: Modes of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
	Modes of Invasive Ventilation
	Pressures on the Ventilator
	Reference
		Suggested Reading
7: Understanding the Ventilator Screen
	Suggested Reading
8: Placing the Patient on the Ventilator
	Anticipating Physiologic Changes
	Setting the Ventilator
	After Initial Settings
	Suggested Reading
9: Specific Circumstances: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
	Initial Ventilator Settings in ARDS
	Severe Hypoxemia
	Neuromuscular Blockade
	Recruitment Maneuvers
	Proning
	Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators
	ECMO
	References
10: Specific Circumstances: Asthma and COPD
	COPD
	Suggested Reading
11: Specific Circumstances: Neurologic Injury
	Traumatic Brain Injury
	Ischemic Stroke
	Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
	Status Epilepticus
	References
12: Troubleshooting the Ventilated Patient
	Suggested Reading
13: Case Studies in Mechanical Ventilation
	Case 1
	Case 2
	Case 3
	Case 4
	Case 5
	Case Study Answers
		Case 1
		Case 2
		Case 3
		Case 4
		Case 5 Answers
	Suggested Reading
14: Conclusions and Key Concepts
	Familiarize ED Clinicians with Common Terms in Mechanical Ventilation
	Review the Fundamental Principles of Pulmonary Physiology Relevant to Mechanical Ventilation
	Discuss the Basic Principles of Selecting Ventilator Settings
	Develop Strategies for Caring for the Ventilated ED Patients with ARDS, Asthma, COPD, and Neurologic Injury
	Assess and Respond to Emergencies during Mechanical Ventilation