Measurement and Statistics for Teachers

BOOK COVER......Page 1
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
DEDICATION......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 22
PART I: MEASUREMENT......Page 24
SECTION I: BASIC ISSUES IN MEASUREMENT......Page 26
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT......Page 28
2 FRAMES OF REFERENCE: Interpreting Test Scores......Page 39
3 DEVELOPING OBJECTIVES......Page 51
4 RELIABILITY......Page 63
5 VALIDITY......Page 80
SECTION II: CLASSROOM TESTING......Page 90
6 COMPLETION AND SHORT-ANSWER ITEMS......Page 92
7 ESSAY ITEMS......Page 102
8 MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS......Page 112
9 TRUE–FALSE ITEMS (AND VARIATIONS)......Page 128
10 PRODUCING AND ADMINISTERING TESTS......Page 139
11 ANALYZING TESTS......Page 148
SECTION III: ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES......Page 158
12 INFORMAL ASSESSMENT......Page 160
13 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS......Page 170
14 PORTFOLIOS......Page 182
SECION IV: ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENT ISSUES......Page 190
15 TEACHING STUDENTS TEST-TAKING SKILLS......Page 192
16 STANDARDIZED TESTS......Page 201
17 ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO REPORT TEST SCORES......Page 216
PART II: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS......Page 232
18 THE LANGUAGE AND LOGIC OF STATISTICS......Page 234
19 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS AND GRAPHS......Page 246
20 CENTRAL TENDENCY: What is a Typical Score?......Page 262
21 VARIABILITY: How Spread Out are the Scores?......Page 277
22 CORRELATION......Page 289
REFERENCES......Page 304
INDEX......Page 306