Matthews' Plant Virology, Fourth Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Matthews\' Plant Virology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
About the Author......Page 6
Preface......Page 20
I. Historical Background......Page 24
II. Definition of a Virus......Page 32
III. About this Edition......Page 34
I. Nomenclature......Page 36
II. Criteria Used for Classifying Viruses......Page 44
III. Families and Genera of Plant Viruses......Page 50
IV. Retroelements......Page 63
VI. Viruses of Lower Plants......Page 65
VI. Discussion......Page 67
I. Economic Losses due to Plant Viruses......Page 70
II. Macroscopic Symptoms......Page 71
III. Histological Changes......Page 79
IV. Cytological Effects......Page 81
V. The Host Range of Viruses......Page 90
VI. Discussion and Summary......Page 96
II. Isolation......Page 98
III. Components......Page 109
II. Methods......Page 132
III. Architecture of Rod-Shaped Viruses......Page 140
IV. Assembly of Rod-Shaped Viruses......Page 149
V. Architecture of Isometric Viruses......Page 157
VI. Small Icosahedral Viruses......Page 161
VII. More Complex Isometric Viruses......Page 182
VIII. Enveloped Viruses......Page 183
IX. Assembly of Icosahedral Viruses......Page 186
X. Discussion and Summary......Page 191
II. General Properties of Plant Viral Genomes......Page 194
IV. Double-Stranded DNA Viruses......Page 197
V. Single-Stranded DNA Viruses......Page 203
VI. Double-Stranded RNA Viruses......Page 206
VII. Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Genomes......Page 210
VIII. Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Genomes......Page 212
IX. Summary and Discussion......Page 244
I. Introduction......Page 248
II. Virus Entry and Uncoating......Page 249
III. Viral Genome Expression......Page 255
IV. Synthesis of mRNAs......Page 267
V. Plant Viral Genome Strategies......Page 276
VI. Discussion......Page 313
II. Host Functions Used by Plant Viruses......Page 316
III. Methods for Studying Viral Replication......Page 317
IV. Replication of Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses......Page 327
V. Replication of Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses......Page 356
VI. Replication of Double-Stranded RNA Viruses......Page 359
VII. Replication of Reverse Transcribing Viruses......Page 362
VIII. Replication of Single-Stranded DNA Viruses......Page 368
IX. Mutation and Recombination......Page 375
X. Mixed Virus Assembly......Page 391
XI. Discussion......Page 394
II. Movement and Final Distribution......Page 396
III. Effects on Plant Metabolism......Page 434
IV. Processes Involved in Symptom Induction......Page 449
V. Discussion......Page 458
II. Definitions and Terminology of Host Responses to Inoculation......Page 460
III. Steps in the Induction of Disease......Page 462
IV. Inherent Host Response......Page 486
V. Influence of Other Agents......Page 498
VI. Discussion and Summary......Page 504
II. Transmission by Invertebrates......Page 508
III. Aphids (Aphididae)......Page 510
IV. Leafhoppers and Planthoppers (Auchenorrhyncha)......Page 529
V. Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae)......Page 536
VI. Thrips (Thysanoptera)......Page 538
VIII. Insects with Biting Mouthparts......Page 541
IX. Mites (Arachnida)......Page 543
XI. Nematodes (Nematoda)......Page 545
XII. Fungi......Page 549
XIII. Discussion and Summary......Page 550
I. Mechanical Transmission......Page 556
II. Factors Influencing the Course of Infection and Disease......Page 558
III. Direct Passage in Living Higher Plant Material......Page 569
IV. Ecology and Epidemiology......Page 578
I. Introduction......Page 606
II. Early Events......Page 607
III. Mid-stage Events......Page 608
V. Systemic Interactions with Plants......Page 613
VI. Discussion......Page 614
I. Viroids......Page 616
II. Satellite Viruses and Satellite RNAs......Page 631
I. Introduction......Page 650
II. Methods Involving Biological Activities of the Virus......Page 651
III. Methods Depending on Physical Properties of the Virus Particle......Page 659
IV. Methods Depending on Properties of Viral Proteins......Page 664
V. Methods Involving Properties of the Viral Nucleic Acid......Page 684
VI. Discussion and Summary......Page 696
I. Introduction......Page 698
II. Removal or Avoidance of Sources of Infection......Page 699
III. Control or Avoidance of Vectors......Page 713
IV. Protecting the Plant from Systemic Disease......Page 721
V. Conventional Resistance to Plant Viruses......Page 725
VI. Transgenic Protection Against Plant Viruses......Page 735
VII. Pathogen-Derived Resistance......Page 736
VIII. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 753
IX. Possible Uses of Viruses for Gene Technology......Page 754
I. Strains of Viruses......Page 766
II. Criteria for the Recognition of Strains......Page 767
III. Isolation of Strains......Page 785
IV. The Molecular Basis of Variation......Page 787
V. Constraints on Variation......Page 790
VI. Virus Strains in the Plant......Page 791
VII. Correlations Between Criteria for Characterizing Viruses and Virus Strains......Page 793
VIII. Discussion and Summary......Page 797
IX. Speculations on Origins and Evolution......Page 798
X. Types of Evolution......Page 799
XI. Sources of Viral Genes......Page 814
XII. Origins of Viruses, Viroids and Satellites......Page 817
XIII. Selection Pressures for Evolution......Page 822
XIV. Co-evolution of Viruses with their Hosts and Vectors......Page 827
XV. Discussion and Summary......Page 830
Appendix 1A......Page 836
Appendix 1B......Page 861
Appendix 2A......Page 873
Appendix 2B......Page 875
Appendix 3......Page 877
References......Page 880
Index......Page 1006
Color Plate Section......Page 1025