Materials: engineering, science, processing and design

Front Cover......Page 1
Materials: engineering, science, processing and design......Page 4
Chapter 17 - Durability: oxidation, corrosion, degradation......Page 494
Chapter 8 - Fracture and fracture toughness......Page 22
 Science-led or design-led? Two approaches to materials teaching......Page 14
 What is different about this book?......Page 15
 This book and the CES EduPack Materials and Process Information software......Page 16
 15.2 Magnetic properties: definition and measurement......Page 18
Chapter 14 - Conductors, insulators and dielectrics......Page 20
 Chapter 3: Exercises with worked solutions......Page 816
 Introduction and synopsis......Page 23
 9.2 Vibration and resonance: the damping coefficient......Page 151
 1.3 Design-limiting properties......Page 33
 1.6 Exercises......Page 34
Chapter 2 - Family trees: organising materials and processes......Page 36
 10.1 Introduction and synopsis......Page 37
 2.3 Organising processes: the process tree......Page 40
 19.5 Metals processing......Page 44
 14.6 Summary and conclusions......Page 429
 2.7 Summary and conclusions......Page 49
 2.9 Exercises......Page 50
 2.11 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 52
Chapter 5 - Flex, sag and wobble: stiffness-limited design......Page 116
 Chapter 17: Exercises with worked solutions......Page 55
 3.3 Material and process information for design......Page 58
 17.4 Resistance to oxidation, burning and photo-degradation......Page 59
 3.5 Examples of translation......Page 63
 7.6 Further reading......Page 206
 12.8 Further reading......Page 68
 18.9 Case studies......Page 70
Chapter 12 - Agitated atoms: materials and heat......Page 72
  Exploring design with CES (use Level 2 unless otherwise stated)......Page 73
 11.3 Charting friction and wear......Page 84
 4.4 The science: what determines stiffness and density?......Page 86
 8.5 Drilling down: the origins of toughness......Page 230
 4.6 Acoustic properties......Page 101
 5.7 Further reading......Page 105
 5.8 Exercises......Page 107
 4.9 Exercises......Page 108
 4.10 Exploring design with CES......Page 113
 4.11 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 114
 5.2 Standard solutions to elastic problems......Page 117
 5.3 Material indices for elastic design......Page 126
 5.4 Plotting limits and indices on charts......Page 132
 5.5 Case studies......Page 136
 5.9 Exploring design with CES......Page 148
 5.10 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 149
 14.2 Conductors, insulators and dielectrics......Page 295
 6.3 The big picture: charts for yield strength......Page 158
 6.4 Drilling down: the origins of strength and ductility......Page 159
 6.5 Manipulating strength......Page 169
 6.6 Summary and conclusions......Page 177
 18.7 Estimating cost for shaping processes......Page 551
 6.8 Exercises......Page 179
 6.10 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 183
 Chapter 20: Exercises with worked solutions......Page 186
 7.2 Standard solutions to plastic problems......Page 187
 7.3 Material indices for yield-limited design......Page 196
 7.4 Case studies......Page 200
 7.8 Exploring design with CES......Page 214
 PART 1: Key terminology......Page 219
 8.3 The mechanics of fracture......Page 221
 8.4 Material property charts for toughness......Page 228
 8.6 Compressive and tensile failure of ceramics......Page 233
 20.7 Materials and sustainability......Page 238
 8.9 Further reading......Page 241
 8.10 Exercises......Page 242
 8.11 Exploring design with CES......Page 244
 8.12 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 245
Chapter 16 - Materials for optical devices......Page 468
 9.1 Introduction and synopsis......Page 247
 9.3 Fatigue......Page 248
 9.4 Charts for endurance limit......Page 256
 9.5 Drilling down: the origins of damping and fatigue......Page 257
 17.6 Drilling down: mechanisms of corrosion......Page 504
 9.9 Exercises......Page 261
 16.8 Exercises......Page 490
 18.10 Summary and conclusions......Page 266
Chapter 10 - Keeping it all together: fracture-limited design......Page 268
 10.2 Standard solutions to fracture problems......Page 269
 Exercises (reminder: answers at the end of each section)......Page 270
 10.4 Case studies......Page 273
 10.5 Summary and conclusions......Page 285
 10.7 Exercises......Page 286
 10.8 Exploring design with CES......Page 291
Chapter 11 - Rub, slither and seize: friction and wear......Page 294
 11.4 The physics of friction and wear......Page 299
 11.5 Friction in design and metal processing......Page 303
 11.6 Summary and conclusions......Page 309
 11.8 Exercises......Page 310
 11.9 Exploring design with CES......Page 312
 12.2 Thermal properties: definition and measurement......Page 315
 12.3 The big picture: thermal property charts......Page 319
 12.4 Drilling down: the physics of thermal properties......Page 322
 12.5 Manipulating thermal properties......Page 327
 12.6 Design and manufacture: using thermal properties......Page 328
 12.7 Summary and conclusions......Page 341
 12.9 Exercises......Page 342
 12.10 Exploring design with CES......Page 345
 12.11 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 346
Chapter 13 - Running hot: using materials at high temperatures......Page 350
 13.1 Introduction and synopsis......Page 351
 13.3 Charts for creep behaviour......Page 0
 13.5 The science: creep......Page 368
 Exercises......Page 606
 13.7 Design to cope with creep......Page 377
 14.8 Exercises......Page 384
 13.9 Further reading......Page 385
 13.10 Exercises......Page 386
 13.11 Exploring design with CES......Page 393
 13.12 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 394
  Exploring the science with CES elements......Page 406
 Answers to exercises, Part 1......Page 409
 14.5 Design: using the electrical properties of materials......Page 423
 14.7 Further reading......Page 430
 14.9 Exploring design with CES......Page 434
 14.10 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 435
 15.3 The big picture: charts for magnetic properties......Page 445
 15.4 Drilling down: the physics and manipulation of magnetic properties......Page 449
 15.5 Materials selection for magnetic design......Page 454
 20.6 Design: selecting materials for eco-design......Page 462
 15.8 Exercises......Page 463
 15.9 Exploring design with CES......Page 465
 15.10 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 466
 16.2 The interaction of materials and radiation......Page 469
 16.3 Charts for optical properties......Page 477
 16.4 Drilling down: the physics and manipulation of optical properties......Page 479
 16.5 Optical design......Page 486
 16.7 Further reading......Page 489
 16.9 Exploring design using CES......Page 492
 17.10 Exercises......Page 493
 17.2 Oxidation, flammability and photo-degradation......Page 496
 17.3 Oxidation mechanisms......Page 498
 20.5 Charts for embodied energy......Page 632
 17.7 Fighting corrosion......Page 514
 17.9 Further reading and software......Page 527
 17.11 Exploring design with CES......Page 531
 17.12 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 533
Chapter 18 - Heat, beat, stick and polish: manufacturing processes......Page 534
 18.2 Process selection in design......Page 535
 18.3 Process attributes: material compatibility......Page 537
 18.4 Shaping processes: attributes and origins......Page 539
 18.5 Joining processes: attributes and origins......Page 547
 18.6 Surface treatment (finishing) processes: attributes and origins......Page 550
 18.8 Computer-aided process selection......Page 554
 18.11 Further reading......Page 566
 18.12 Exercises......Page 567
 18.13 Exploring design with CES......Page 569
 18.14 Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 571
Chapter 19 - Follow the recipe: processing and properties......Page 572
 19.1 Introduction and synopsis......Page 573
 19.2 Processing for properties......Page 574
 19.3 Microstructure of materials......Page 576
 19.4 Microstructure evolution in processing......Page 580
 19.7 Making hybrid materials......Page 610
 19.9 Further reading......Page 613
 19.10 Exercises......Page 614
 20.11 Exercises......Page 652
Chapter 20 - Materials, processes and the environment......Page 618
 20.1 Introduction and synopsis......Page 619
  Exploring design with CES......Page 840
 20.3 The material life cycle and criteria for assessment......Page 623
 20.4 Definitions and measurement: embodied energy, process energy and recycling energy......Page 627
 20.9 Appendix: some useful quantities......Page 650
 20.10 Further reading......Page 651
 20.12 Exploring design with CES......Page 656
 20.13 Exercises on sustainability......Page 657
Guided Learning Unit 1:Simple Ideas of Crystallography......Page 660
 PART 1: Crystal structures......Page 661
 PART 2: Interstitial space......Page 668
 PART 3: Describing planes......Page 670
 PART 4: Describing directions......Page 672
 PART 5: Ceramic crystals......Page 673
 PART 6: Polymer crystals......Page 678
Guided Learning Unit 2:Phase diagrams and phasetransformations......Page 688
 PART 2: Simple phase diagrams, and how to read them......Page 694
 Exercises......Page 703
 Exercises......Page 705
 Answers to exercises, Part 2......Page 706
 PART 3: The iron-carbon diagram......Page 710
 Answers to Exercises, Part 3......Page 713
 PART 4: Interpreting more complex phase diagrams......Page 714
 Exercises......Page 716
 Answers to exercises, Part 4......Page 718
 PART 5: Phase transformations and microstructural evolution......Page 721
 PART 6: Equilibrium solidification......Page 723
 Exercise......Page 728
 Exercises......Page 732
 Answers to Exercises, Part 6......Page 734
 PART 7: Equilibrium solid-state phase changes......Page 735
 Exercises......Page 740
 Answers to Exercises, Part 7......Page 741
 PART 8: Non-equilibrium solid-state phase changes......Page 742
 Exercises......Page 746
 Answers to Exercises, Part 8......Page 750
 Further reading......Page 751
 Further exercises......Page 752
Appendix Data for engineering materials......Page 760
Index......Page 780
 Chapter 2: Exercises with worked solutions......Page 820
  Exploring design using CES......Page 823
  Exploring design with CES......Page 831
 Chapter 15: Exercises with worked solutions......Page 834
  Exploring the science with CES Elements......Page 846
 Chapter 16: Exercises with worked solutions......Page 848
  Exploring design with the CES EduPack (use Level 2 unless otherwise stated)......Page 856
  Exploring the science with CES elements......Page 859
  Exercises on Sustainability......Page 896
  Exploring design with CES......Page 890