Materials with Complex Behaviour II: Properties, Non-Classical Materials and New Technologies

Cover......Page 1
Advanced Structured Materials
16......Page 2
Materials with Complex Behaviour II......Page 4
ISBN 9783642226991......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Part I:  Materials and Properties......Page 14
Abstract......Page 16
1…Introduction......Page 17
2…Mathematical Modeling......Page 19
3…Finite Element Solutions......Page 20
4…Numerical Simulation......Page 22
5…Conclusion......Page 29
References......Page 30
Abstract......Page 32
2…Zhong’s Formalism: The Two-End Problem......Page 33
3…Bui’s Formalism: Cauchy’s Problem in Elasticity......Page 34
4.1 Hamilton Principle Written as Variation of Total Potential Energy......Page 35
4.2 Application to the Two-End Problem......Page 36
4.3 Application to Cauchy’s Problem......Page 37
5.1 Governing Equations of the Problem......Page 38
5.2 Resolution Method......Page 41
6…Future Extensions......Page 42
7…Concluding Remarks......Page 45
References......Page 47
Abstract......Page 50
1…Introduction......Page 51
2.2 Constitutive Equations......Page 52
2.3 Finite Element Form of Governing Equations......Page 54
3…Case Study and Results Analysis......Page 60
References......Page 63
1…Introduction......Page 64
2…Structural Design of Forks......Page 66
2.1 Basics of Tire Dynamics......Page 67
2.2 Equilibrium During a Brake......Page 68
2.3 Loads Analysis......Page 71
2.4 Structural Scheme......Page 72
2.5.1 First Effect: Fd_y and Td_x Contribution......Page 77
2.5.2 Second Effect: Fd Loads Applied to the Wheel Pin......Page 79
2.5.3 Third Effect: Td_z Contribution......Page 80
2.6 Comparison between Analytical and Finite Element Analysis Results......Page 83
2.7 Experimental Results......Page 86
3…Discussion......Page 88
References......Page 91
Abstract......Page 94
1…Introduction......Page 95
2…Manufacturing of Al--Si Cylinder Liners by Centrifugal Casting......Page 96
3…Modal Analysis......Page 100
4…Vibration Modes: Auto Vector and Auto Value......Page 103
5…Finite Elements Modeling Method......Page 104
6…Conclusions......Page 110
References......Page 111
Abstract......Page 112
1…Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow......Page 113
2.1 General Aspects......Page 114
3.1 Background......Page 115
3.2 Mathematical Modeling......Page 118
3.3.2 Hydrodynamics Results......Page 120
References......Page 130
1…Introduction......Page 132
2.1 Test Setup......Page 134
2.2 Fabrication Techniques......Page 136
2.2.1 Specimen Fabrication......Page 137
2.4 Shell Thickness Variation......Page 138
3…Exhaustive Implementation of the Experiments......Page 139
4…Experimental Observations......Page 140
5…Finite Element Modeling......Page 142
6…Results and Discussion......Page 143
7…Concluding Remarks......Page 150
References......Page 151
Abstract......Page 154
2…The CWR Process......Page 155
3…Numerical Simulation......Page 156
3.1 Damage......Page 157
3.1.1 Damage Versus Rolling Speed......Page 158
3.2 Stress......Page 159
3.2.1 Effective Stress Versus Relative Reduction......Page 161
3.3.1 Analysis of ‘‘x’’ Stress Versus Rolling Speed......Page 162
3.3.2 Analysis of ‘‘x’’ Stress Versus Relative Reduction......Page 164
4…Experimental Tests With AISI 1045 Steel......Page 166
4.1.2 Analysis of Inclusions Distribution......Page 169
4.2.1 Classification......Page 171
5…Experimental Tests With Microalloyed Steel 38MnSiVS5......Page 172
5.1 Analysis of Inclusions......Page 173
6…Conclusion......Page 174
References......Page 175
1…Indroduction......Page 176
2…Linear Concrete Creep Model......Page 177
3.2 Nonlinear Concrete Creep Model According to Bazcaronant--Prasnnan and Bazcaronant--Kim......Page 180
3.3 Proposed Nonlinear Concrete Creep Model......Page 182
4.1 Numerical Analysis of the Concrete Plate Under Long-Term Load......Page 183
4.2 Numerical Analysis of the Prestressed Concrete Shell Under Long-Term Load......Page 184
References......Page 185
1…Introduction......Page 188
2…Short Description of the Numerical Model’s Basic Characteristics for the Simulation of the Dynamic Water-Structure System Interaction......Page 189
2.1 Equation for Coupled Fields Motions and Spatial Discretization......Page 190
2.2 Solution Concept for the Dynamic Fluid--Structure Interaction Problem......Page 191
2.4 Finite Elements......Page 192
2.5 Material Model......Page 194
2.6 Additional Model Characteristics......Page 195
3.1 Example 1: Koyna Dam......Page 196
3.2 Example 2: Granccaronarevo Dam......Page 198
3.3 Example 3: Underwater Tank ‘‘Khazzan’’......Page 201
3.4 Example 4: Underwater Tunnel ‘‘Høgsfjord’’......Page 205
References......Page 209
Abstract......Page 212
1…Introduction......Page 213
2…Mathematical Model......Page 215
3…Numerical Method......Page 217
4.1 Saturated Flow......Page 219
5…Numerical Experiments......Page 220
5.2 Dependence on n......Page 221
5.3 Dependence on \gamma......Page 222
5.4 Inverse Determination of \gamma, n and K_s......Page 223
6…Conclusion......Page 224
References......Page 225
Abstract......Page 226
1…Introduction......Page 227
2…Mathematical Model......Page 229
3…Results and Discussions......Page 234
References......Page 239
Abstract......Page 242
1…General Features of Multiphase Flow......Page 244
2.1 Continuity Equation......Page 246
2.2 Momentum Equation......Page 247
2.3 Turbulence Model......Page 249
2.4 Thermal Energy Equation......Page 250
3…Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Catenary Riser......Page 251
3.1 Boundary Layers and Physical Properties......Page 252
3.3 Hydrodynamics Effects......Page 254
4…Conclusions......Page 261
References......Page 262
Abstract......Page 264
1…Introduction......Page 265
2…Computational Method......Page 266
3…Results and Discussions......Page 267
4…Conclusion......Page 270
References......Page 271
Abstract......Page 272
2…Experimental Procedure......Page 273
3…Experimental Results......Page 276
5…Discussion......Page 279
6…Conclusions......Page 282
References......Page 283
1…Introduction......Page 284
2.1 Basis of Strength of Material......Page 285
2.2 Methods to Acquire Basis-Values......Page 286
2.3 Determination of Basis Values from Interference Model......Page 287
2.4 Determination of Sampling-Based Basis Strength......Page 289
3…Experimental Procedure......Page 291
4.1 Tensile Characteristics at Elevated Temperatures......Page 292
4.2 Ductility Minimum Temperature and Fractured Surface......Page 296
References......Page 298
Part II:  Non-classical Materials and Structures......Page 300
Abstract......Page 302
1…Introduction......Page 303
2.1 Stain Energy Function......Page 305
2.2 Uniaxial Tension Test......Page 306
2.4 Pure Shear Test......Page 307
2.5 Non-Linear Material Component for Hyper-Elastic Material......Page 308
3.1 Fatigue Test Specimen......Page 310
3.2 Fatigue Damage Parameter......Page 312
3.3 Fatigue Lifetime Prediction......Page 315
3.4 Fatigue Lifetime Evaluation of Rubber Component......Page 316
4…Conclusion......Page 318
References......Page 319
Abstract......Page 320
2…Theoretical Background......Page 321
3…Experimental Procedure......Page 323
4…Results and Discussion......Page 326
5…Conclusions......Page 332
References......Page 333
1…Introduction......Page 336
2…Numerical Procedure......Page 337
3.2 Analysis of the Effect of Elliptical Ratio on the Energy-Displacement Curve......Page 339
3.4 Analysis of the Effect of the Elliptical Ratio on the Total Energy......Page 341
3.6 Analysis of the Effect of Elliptical Ratio on the Stress and Stress Distribution......Page 342
4.1 Experimental Set up......Page 344
6…Analysis of the Energy Absorption Characteristics......Page 345
7…Discussion......Page 347
8…Conclusion......Page 348
References......Page 349
Abstract......Page 350
2…Theoretical Background: Nonlinear Hyper-Viscoelastic Constitutive Model......Page 351
2.1 Yang Nonlinear Hyper-Viscoelastic Constitutive Model......Page 352
2.2 Bergstrom--Boyce Nonlinear Hyper-Viscoelastic Constitutive Model......Page 354
3.1 Tensile Response......Page 356
3.2 Compressive Response......Page 358
4.1 Yang’s Model Qualification......Page 360
4.2 Bergstrom--Boyce Model Qualification......Page 361
5…Concluding Remarks......Page 365
References......Page 366
Abstract......Page 368
1…Introduction......Page 369
2…Field Equations of Nonlocal Elasticity......Page 370
3…Reformulation of Nonlocal Displacement Field Equations......Page 371
4…Application for Free Vibration Analysis of a Nano-Plate......Page 376
5…Numerical Results and Discussion......Page 377
Acknowledgments......Page 380
References......Page 381
Abstract......Page 382
1…Introduction......Page 383
2…Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes......Page 384
3…Numerical Results and Discussion......Page 388
4…Conclusions......Page 392
References......Page 393
Abstract......Page 396
1…Introduction......Page 397
2.1 Thermal Analysis......Page 399
2.2 Equilibrium Equations......Page 401
2.3 Reformulation of Equilibrium Equations......Page 403
2.4.1 Perturbation Technique......Page 406
2.4.2 General Solutions for a Complete Circular Plate......Page 408
2.5 Solid Circular Plate under Asymmetric Transverse Pressure and Thermal Loading......Page 413
3…Numerical Results and Discussions......Page 416
A.x(118). Appendix 15…Appendix 1......Page 423
A.x(118). Appendix 26…Appendix 2......Page 424
References......Page 428
Abstract......Page 432
1.1 Finite Elements Method......Page 433
2…Experimental Details......Page 434
3…Theoretical Analytical Model......Page 436
4.1 Finite Element Model......Page 437
5…Results and Discussion......Page 438
Acknowledgments......Page 443
References......Page 444
Abstract......Page 446
1…Introduction......Page 447
3…Governing Equilibrium Equations of the Annular Sector Plate......Page 448
4…Solution......Page 454
5…Numerical Results and Discussion......Page 455
6…Conclusion......Page 458
References......Page 459
Abstract......Page 460
1…Introduction......Page 461
2.2 Experimental Procedure......Page 462
3…Results and Discussion......Page 463
4…Conclusions......Page 465
References......Page 466
Abstract......Page 468
1…Introduction......Page 469
2.2 Samples Preparation and Electrospinning......Page 470
3.1 Morphology......Page 471
References......Page 473
1…Introduction......Page 476
3…Results and Discussion......Page 477
4…Conclusion......Page 480
References......Page 481
Abstract......Page 482
1…Introduction......Page 483
1.2 Greek letters......Page 484
2…Modelling......Page 485
3…Results and Discussions......Page 487
4…Conclusions......Page 493
References......Page 494
Abstract......Page 496
1…Introduction......Page 497
3.1 Governing Equations......Page 499
3.1.1 Continuity Equation......Page 500
5.1 Newtonian Material......Page 501
5.3.1 Elastic Contribution in the Blend......Page 502
6…Separating Force Acting on the Rolls: Power Required......Page 505
7…Conclusion......Page 507
References......Page 508
Abstract......Page 510
1.2 Type of Double Façades......Page 511
1.2.0 Open Buffer......Page 512
1.4 Weather Data......Page 513
2…Method......Page 514
2.2 Airflow Model......Page 515
3…Results......Page 516
3.1 Temperatures......Page 518
3.2 Energy......Page 519
3.3 Thermal Comfort......Page 520
4.1 Exterior Condensation......Page 521
4.1.2......Page 522
4.1.2 Shielding......Page 523
4.1.3......Page 525
4.2.0 Night Ventilation......Page 527
4.3 Shading as a Measure Against the Outside Condensing......Page 529
5…Summary and Conclusion......Page 530
5.1.0 Energy......Page 531
5.2 Conclusion......Page 532
References......Page 533
1…Introduction......Page 534
2.1 Geometry......Page 536
2.2 Materials......Page 537
3.1 FEM Model......Page 539
3.2 FEM Results......Page 541
4…Experimental Tests......Page 543
5…FEM Model Validation with Experimental Data......Page 546
References......Page 547
Abstract......Page 550
1…Experimental Campaign......Page 551
2…Numerical Simulations......Page 553
2.1 Piers Considering Full Bond Conditions......Page 554
2.2 Piers Including Stirrup Bond-Slip Behaviour Modelling.......Page 557
3…Conclusions......Page 559
References......Page 560
Abstract......Page 562
1.1 Fundamental of Porous Media......Page 563
1.2 Heat Transfer in Packed Bed Reactor......Page 564
2.1 Heat Transfer Model......Page 565
2.2 Chemical Reaction Model......Page 566
3.1 Governing Equations......Page 567
3.2 Symmetry and Boundary Conditions......Page 569
3.3 Numerical Procedure......Page 570
3.4 Model Validation......Page 571
3.5 Temperature Distribution in the Reactor......Page 574
3.5.1 Effect of the Fluid-Wall Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient......Page 577
3.5.2 Effect of the Reactant Fluid Concentration......Page 578
3.5.3 Effect of the Pre-exponential Factor of the Arrhenius Equation......Page 579
3.5.5 Effect of the Heat Generation Term by Chemical Reaction......Page 580
References......Page 581
Abstract......Page 586
1…Introduction......Page 587
2.2 Nanocomposite Preparation......Page 588
2.4 Rheological Analysis......Page 589
3…Results and Discussion......Page 590
4…Conclusion......Page 594
References......Page 595
Abstract......Page 596
1…Introduction......Page 597
2…Microstructure and Macroscopic Mechanical Properties......Page 598
3…Local Hardening in an Axial Micro-Compression Test......Page 601
4…Local Hardening in an Transversal Micro-Compression Test......Page 605
References......Page 610
Part III:  New Technologies......Page 612
1…Introduction......Page 614
2.1 Conduction Mode......Page 616
2.2 Keyhole Mode......Page 617
3…Melting Efficiency Computation......Page 619
4.1 Filler Wire in Laser Welding......Page 624
5.1 Forces Acting on the Keyhole in Laser Welding of Aluminium Alloys......Page 625
6…Results and Discussion......Page 626
References......Page 628
1…Introduction......Page 632
2…Uncertainty in Prediction......Page 633
3…Improvement in Credibility......Page 635
4…The Deterioration Process Modeling......Page 636
5…The Deterioration of a Steel Truss Modeled as a Transition Process......Page 638
5.1 Deterioration Modeling of a Steel Truss: A Monte Carlo Simulation......Page 640
6…Credibility in Life--Cycle Prediction......Page 641
7…Influence of the Model on Maintenance Strategies......Page 644
8…Conclusions......Page 647
References......Page 648
Abstract......Page 650
1…Introduction......Page 651
2…Geometry and Finite Element Analyses......Page 652
3.2 Convergence Study......Page 655
4…Conclusions......Page 658
References......Page 659
1…Introduction......Page 660
2.1 Material and Specimen Geometry......Page 662
2.2 Loading Conditions (Load Spectra)......Page 663
3…Discussion on UniGrow Model......Page 664
4…Results and Discussion......Page 666
A.x(118).2 Elastic--Plastic Material Behaviour at the Crack Tip......Page 671
References......Page 672
Abstract......Page 674
1…Introduction......Page 675
2…MD Simulation Model......Page 676
3.2 Distribution of Hydrostatic Stress......Page 678
3.4 Mechanism of Void Crumpling......Page 680
4…Conclusion......Page 681
References......Page 682
Abstract......Page 684
2…NAO Walking Trajectory Generation......Page 685
3…Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling......Page 686
3.1 Inverse Kinematics......Page 687
3.2 Dynamic Model......Page 690
4…Results and Discussion......Page 694
Acknowledgments......Page 698
References......Page 699
Abstract......Page 702
2…Theory......Page 703
3…Measurements......Page 705
References......Page 708
Abstract......Page 710
1…Introduction......Page 711
3.1 Heat Analysis Simulation......Page 712
3.2 Computing Model......Page 714
4.1 Welding Behavior of the Heat Conduction Type Welding......Page 715
4.2 Welding Behavior of the Keyhole Type Welding......Page 717
4.3 Comparison of Heat Conduction Type Welding and Keyhole Type Welding......Page 721
4.4 Comparison of the Plate Distortion Through Simulation......Page 723
4.5 Comparison of the Angular Distortion......Page 724
5…Conclusions......Page 725
References......Page 726
Abstract......Page 728
2…Analysis Method......Page 729
3…Analysis Results and Discussion......Page 731
3.1 Case Supposing a Precrack Inside the Rock......Page 732
3.2 Case Supposing a Precrack in the Vicinity of the Rock Surface......Page 734
3.3 Thermal Stress Analysis Considering a Confining Pressure......Page 735
3.4 Crack Propagation in Mode II......Page 736
3.5 Multiple Cracks Propagation......Page 737
References......Page 740