Materials Selection in Mechanical Design

Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
	Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. Introduction: Materials and Design
	Abstract
	1.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	1.2 Materials in Design
	1.3 The Design Process
	1.4 Types of Design
	1.5 Design Tools and Materials Data
	1.6 Function, Material, Shape and Process
	1.7 Case Study: Devices to Open Corked Bottles
	1.8 Summary and Conclusions
	1.9 Further Reading
	1.10 Exercises
Chapter 2. Engineering Materials and Their Properties
	Abstract
	2.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	2.2 The Families of Engineering Materials
	2.3 Materials Information for Design
	2.4 Material Properties and Their Units
	2.5 Summary and Conclusions
	2.6 Further Reading
	2.7 Exercises
Chapter 3. Materials Property Charts
	Abstract
	3.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	3.2 Exploring Material Properties
	3.3 The Material Property Charts
	3.4 Summary and Conclusions
	3.5 Further Reading
	3.6 Exercises
Chapter 4. Materials Selection – The Basics
	Abstract
	4.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	4.2 The Selection Strategy
	4.3 Attribute Limits and Material Indices
	4.4 The Selection Procedure
	4.5 Computer-Aided Selection
	4.6 The Structural Index
	4.7 Summary and Conclusions
	4.8 Further Reading
	4.9 Exercises
Chapter 5. Materials Selection – Case Studies
	Abstract
	5.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	5.2 Materials for Oars
	5.3 Mirrors for Large Telescopes
	5.4 Materials for Table Legs
	5.5 Cost: Structural Materials for Buildings
	5.6 Materials for Flywheels
	5.7 Materials for Springs
	5.8 Elastic Hinges and Couplings
	5.9 Materials for Seals
	5.10 Deflection-Limited Design with Brittle Polymers
	5.11 Safe Pressure Vessels
	5.12 Stiff, High Damping Materials for Shaker Tables
	5.13 Insulation for Short-Term Isothermal Containers
	5.14 Energy-Efficient Kiln Walls
	5.15 Materials for Passive Solar Heating
	5.16 Materials to Minimize Thermal Distortion in Precision Devices
	5.17 Materials for Heat Exchangers
	5.18 Heat Sinks for Hot Microchips
	5.19 Materials for Radomes
	5.20 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 6. Processes and Their Effect on Properties
	Abstract
	6.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	6.2 Classifying Processes
	6.3 The Processes: Shaping, Joining, Finishing
	6.4 Process–Property Trajectories
	6.5 Summary and Conclusions
	6.6 Further Reading
	6.7 Exercises
Chapter 7. Processes Selection and Cost
	Abstract
	7.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	7.2 Process Selection: The Strategy
	7.3 Implementing the Strategy: Selection Matrices
	7.4 Limitations and Quality
	7.5 Ranking: Process Cost
	7.6 Computer-Aided Process Selection
	7.7 Summary and Conclusions
	7.8 Further reading
	7.9 Exercises
Chapter 8. Multiple Constraints and Conflicting Objectives
	Abstract
	8.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	8.2 Selection with Multiple Constraints
	8.3 Conflicting Objectives
	8.4 Summary and Conclusions
	8.5 Further reading
	8.6 Appendix: Weight Factors and Fuzzy Methods
	8.7 Exercises
Chapter 9. Multiple Constraints and Conflicting Objectives – Case Studies
	Abstract
	9.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	9.2 Multiple Constraints: Light Pressure Vessels
	9.3 Multiple Constraints: Con-Rods for High-Performance Engines
	9.4 Multiple Constraints: Windings for High-Field Magnets
	9.5 Conflicting Objectives: Table Legs Again
	9.6 Conflicting Objectives: Wafer-Thin Casings for Must-Have Electronics
	9.7 Conflicting Objectives: Cost-Effective Bumpers
	9.8 Conflicting Objectives: Materials for a Disk-Brake Caliper
	9.9 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 10. Selection of Material and Shape
	Abstract
	10.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	10.2 Shape Factors
	10.3 Limits to Shape Efficiency
	10.4 Exploring Material-Shape Combinations
	10.5 Material Indices That Include Shape
	10.6 Graphical Coselecting Using Indices
	10.7 Architectured Materials: Microscopic Shape
	10.8 Summary and Conclusions
	10.9 Further Reading
	10.10 Exercises
Chapter 11. Material and Shape: Case Studies
	Abstract
	11.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	11.2 Spars for Human-Powered Planes
	11.3 Forks for a Racing Bicycle
	11.4 Floor Joists: Wood, Bamboo or Steel?
	11.5 Table Legs Yet Again: Thin or Light?
	11.6 Increasing the Stiffness of Steel Sheet
	11.7 Shapes that Flex: Leaf and Strand Structures
	11.8 Ultra-Efficient Springs
	11.9 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 12. Designing Hybrid Materials
	Abstract
	12.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	12.2 Holes in Material–Property Space
	12.3 Key Concepts for Hybrid Design
	12.4 Composites
	12.5 Cellular Structures: Foams and Lattices
	12.6 Sandwich Structures and Multilayers
	12.7 Segmented Structures
	12.8 Summary and Conclusions
	12.9 Further Reading
	Hybrid Materials – General
	12.10 Appendix: The Stiffness and Strength for Multilayers
	12.11 Exercises
Chapter 13. Hybrids: Case Studies
	Abstract
	13.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	13.2 Designing Metal Matrix Composites
	13.3 Natural Fiber Composites
	13.4 Materials for Long-Span Power Cables
	13.5 Conducting Elastomers
	13.6 Extreme Combinations of Thermal and Electrical Conduction
	13.7 Refrigerator Walls
	13.8 Materials for Microwave-Transparent Enclosures
	13.9 Connectors that Don’t Relax Their Grip
	13.10 Exploiting Anisotropy: Heat-Spreading Surfaces
	13.11 The Mechanical Efficiency of Natural Materials
	Further Reading: Natural Materials
Chapter 14. Materials and the Environment
	Abstract
	14.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	14.2 The Material Life-Cycle
	14.3 Material and Energy-Consuming Systems
	14.4 The Eco-Attributes of Materials
	14.5 Life-Cycle Assessment, Eco-Audits and Energy Fingerprints
	14.6 Eco-Selection
	14.7 Case Studies: Drink Containers and Crash Barriers
	14.8 Summary and Conclusions
	14.9 Further Reading
	14.10 Exercises
Chapter 15. Materials and Industrial Design
	Abstract
	15.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	15.2 The Requirements Pyramid
	15.3 Product Character
	15.4 Using Materials and Processes to Create Product Personality
	15.5 Case Studies: Analysing Product Personality
	15.6 Summary and Conclusions
	15.7 Further Reading
	15.8 Exercises
Chapter 16. Sustainable Response to Forces for Change
	Abstract
	16.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	16.2 Market-Pull and Science-Push
	16.3 Growing Population and Wealth, and Market Saturation
	16.4 Product Liability and Service Provision
	16.5 The Information Economy, Critical Materials and Circularity
	16.6 Response to Forces for Change: Sustainable Development
	16.7 Summary and Conclusions
	16.8 Further Reading
Appendix A. Data for Engineering Materials
	A.1 Ways of Checking and Estimating Data
	Further Reading
Appendix B. Useful Solutions for Standard Problems
	Introduction and Synopsis
	B.1 Constitutive Equations for Mechanical Response
	B.2 Moments of Sections
	B.3 Elastic Bending of Beams
	B.4 Failure of Beams and Panels
	B.5 Buckling of Columns, Plates and Shells
	B.6 Torsion of Shafts
	B.7 Static and Spinning Disks
	B.8 Contact Stresses
	B.9 Estimates for Stress Concentrations
	B.10 Sharp Cracks
	B.11 Pressure Vessels
	B.12 Vibrating Beams, Tubes and Disks
	B.13 Creep and Creep Fracture
	B.14 Flow of Heat and Matter
	B.15 Solutions for Diffusion Equations
	B.16 Thermal Field for Moving Heat Source
	B.17 Further Reading
Appendix C. Material Indices
	C.1 Introduction and Synopsis
	C.2 Uses of Material Indices
Index