Material and Digital Reconstruction of Fragmentary Dead Sea Scrolls The Case of 4Q418a (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, 136)

Contents
Acknowledgements
Tables and Figures
Introduction The Present Volume
	1	The Stegemann Method Reconsidered
Part 1 Methodology
	Chapter 1 Collecting the Materials
		1	Tracing the Imaging History
		2	Validating the Provenance of the Fragments
	Chapter 2 Margin of Error
		1	Measurement Errors
		2	Statistical Errors
		3	Indirect Measurements
	Chapter 3 Image Manipulation
		1	Enhancement and Manipulation
		2	Digitally Repairing the Fragment
	Chapter 4 Scaling the Images
	Chapter 5 Removing the Background
		1	Manual Removal of the Background
	Chapter 6 Finding Information on the Verso
		1	Modern Stamps
		2	The Title of the Composition
		3	Opisthographs
		4	Evidence for Additional Layers
		5	Stitching Impressions
		6	Mirror Writing
	Chapter 7 Finding Wads
		1	Methods for Tracing Layers that are Still Attached
		2	Methods for Identifying Fragments that Originated from Wads
	Chapter 8 Reading and Text Reconstruction
		1	Marking Doubtful Letters
		2	Letter Cloning
		3	Reconstruction Based on Parallels
	Chapter 9 Recreating Single Columns Based on Fragments and Parallels
		1	Width
		2	Height
		3	Margins
	Chapter 10 Font
		1	Designing the Font
		2	Margin of Error
	Appendix 1 Experiment for Validating the Use of a Custom-Made Font
		1	Introduction
		2	Materials: The Examined Scrolls
		3	Method
		4	Results
		5	Discussion
		5	Discussion
	Appendix 2 Automated Font Generation
		1	Glyph Shape
		2	Glyph Size
		3	Vertical Glyph Position
		4	Glyph Kerning
		5	Word and Line Spacing
	Chapter 11 Damage Patterns
		1	The Direction in which the Scroll was Rolled
		2	Wads
		3	Establishing the Order of Scattered Fragments
	Chapter12 Placing the Fragments on the Canvas Using the Stegemann Method
		1	Columns and Margins in the Material Reconstruction
	Appendix 3 Margin of Error for Placing the Fragments on the Canvas
	Chapter 13 Using One Prepared Copy as a Skeleton for a Second Copy
	Appendix 4 Margin of Error for Chapter 13
Part 2 4Q418a (4QInstructione)
Chapter 14 Introduction to the Material Study of Instruction (Musar LaMevin)
	1	Copies, Editions, and Reconstructions of Instruction
	2	Material Information on 4Q418a
Chapter 15 Re-Edition of 4Q418a
	1	Conventions of this Chapter
	2	Wad A (frags. 1–8)
	3	Wad B (frags. 9–12)
	4	Wad C (frags. 13–14c)
	5	Wad D (frags. 15–19)
	6	Wad E
	7	Single-Layered Fragments
Chapter 16 Material and Digital Reconstruction of 4Q418a
	1	The Reconstruction of 4Q418a: State of the Art
	2	The Wads
	3	Reconstruction of 4Q418a
	4	Placing the Fragments on the Canvas Using the Stegemann Method
	5	Excursus: Calculating the Error for the Distance of Each Fragment from the Anchor Fragments and from its Consecutive Fragment
	6 	Columns and Margins
	7	Conclusion
Chapter 17 Conclusion: Movement towards a Comprehensive Reconstruction of Instruction
	1	The Length of the Introductory Section in 4Q416, 4Q417
	2	The Layout of 4Q415
	3	Extrapolation for Other Copies of Instruction
Bibliography
Index of Qumran Scrolls
Index of Modern Authors
Subject Index