Mass Housing: Modern Architecture and State Power – a Global History

Cover page
Halftitle page
Copyright page
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTERVIEWS
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
INTRODUCTION
	Cuius regio, eius religio: the multiple modernities of housing
	Mass housing: spearhead of radical modernization
	Methodological challenges and constraints: balancing narrative and geography
PART 1 MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY TO 1945: THE GATHERING STORM
	CHAPTER 1 PRE-1914: THE LONG MOBILIZATION
		Introduction
		Mid-nineteenth-century innovators and experiments
		Late nineteenth–early twentieth-century ideologies: public housing and arm’s-length building
		The dual market: working-class tenements and middle-class apartments in North America
		Housing and colonialism: building for rulers or the ruled?
		The upsurge in emergencies: 1905–14
		Conclusion
	CHAPTER 2 1914–1945: THE MATURING OF MASS HOUSING IN THE AGE OF EMERGENCIES
		Systematization and individualism: the emergence of modern mass housing
		World War I: war socialism and rent control
		The Hare and the Tortoise: municipal housing in ‘Red Vienna’ and Britain
		Continental permutations in the 1920s
		Totalitarian housing visions in the Great Depression
		Democratic housing systems of the 1930s
		Interwar Latin America and the colonies
		World War II: the globalization of emergency
PART 2 1945–1989: THE ‘THREE WORLDS’ OF  POSTWAR MASS HOUSING
	CHAPTER 3 POSTWAR MASS HOUSING: AN INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW
		First World, Second World, Third World
		International modernism: from global to local
	CHAPTER 4 HOUSING BY AUTHORITY: POSTWAR STATE INTERVENTIONS IN THE ‘ANGLOSPHERE’
		Red scares, race scares: the brief heyday and long retreat of US public housing
		New York City: the monumental exception
		Local trajectories of renewal and decline
		Canada: government intervention and the revival of renting
		‘Big Daddy’ and mass housing in Metro Toronto
		New Zealand and Australia
		Commonwealth and states: the CSHA
		High flats and slum reclamation in Victoria and New South Wales
	CHAPTER 5 COUNCIL POWERS: POSTWAR PUBLIC HOUSING IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND
		Central and municipal
		Postwar housing design in England
		Slum clearance, planning and the ‘land-trap’
		Financing and organizing high flats in the 1960s
		London and the English cities
		Scotland’s housing blitzkrieg: the legacy of ‘Red Clydeside’
		Island diversity: Ireland and the Channel Islands
	CHAPTER 6 FRANCE: THE ‘TRENTE GLORIEUSES’ OF MASS HOUSING
		1945–55: a hesitant revival
		SCIC, SCET and the état planificateur
		‘Le hard french’: the housing legacy of Perret31
		1955–75: ‘grands ensembles’ and the industrialization of national grandeur
	CHAPTER 7 THE LOW COUNTRIES: PILLARS OF MODERN MASS HOUSING
		Socialist skyscrapers versus Catholic cottages: postwar housing in Belgium
		The Netherlands: planned housing and ‘polder politics’
		Standardization and galerijbouw: postwar Dutch housing design
	CHAPTER 8 STABILITY AND CONTINUITY: WEST GERMANY AND THE ALPINE COUNTRIES
		Tenure-neutral building in Switzerland and Austria
		West Germany: the housing of soziale Marktwirtschaft
		‘Wohnungen, Wohnungen und nochmals Wohnungen’: Neue Heimat and 1950s–1970s production
	CHAPTER 9 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES – SOCIAL VERSUS INDIVIDUAL?
		Building the ‘folkhem’: housing and Social Democracy in Sweden
		Denmark: modernization through quiet quality
		Finland, Norway and Iceland: mass housing for the individual
	CHAPTER 10 SOUTHERN EUROPE: SOCIAL HOUSING FOR KINSHIP SOCIETIES
		The progressive South: postwar housing in Italy and Malta
		INA-Casa: the Christian Democratic housing vision
		Left Turn? 1960s–1970s ‘comprehensive’ planning in Italy
		The conservative South: postwar housing in Spain, Portugal, Greece and Turkey
		Conclusion: First World housing in summary
	CHAPTER 11 THE USSR: DEVELOPED SOCIALISM AND EXTENSIVE URBANISM
		‘Quickly, cheaply and well’: Soviet housing under Khrushchev and Brezhnev
		The curate’s egg: national and local housing production in the postwar Soviet Union
		Order out of chaos? Central and private-sector initiatives
		Monumentality and space in postwar Soviet housing
		SNiP and DSK: standardization and industrialization
		Taming the colossus: towards ‘complexity and ‘flexibility’
		A brotherly mosaic: regionalist housing in the USSR
		Tashkent: model Soviet city
		Soviet housing in the perestroika years
	CHAPTER 12 A QUARRELSOME FAMILY: THE EUROPEAN SOCIALIST STATES
		The satellite bloc: dissidence and decomposition
		The diversity of socialist standardization
		Socialist outliers: European divergences from the Soviet model
		The ‘Ongoing Revolution’: self-management and monumentality in Yugoslavia
		Novi Beograd: epicentre of decentralism
		Late socialist cluster-developments across the Yugoslav republics
	CHAPTER 13 SOCIALIST EASTERN ASIA: MASS HOUSING AND THE SINO-SOVIET SPLIT
		Danwei: fragmentation and austerity in Chinese socialist housing
		From the Great Leap Forward to the Cultural Revolution: austerity and anarchy
		‘Soviet’ Asia: mass housing in Mongolia and North Vietnam
		Building at ‘Pyongyang speed’: housing in Juche Korea
		Conclusion: Second World housing in summary
	CHAPTER 14 LATIN AMERICA: CHAMELEON CONTINENT
		Mass housing and the politics of charismatic leadership, 1945–64
		Housing as social security: pre-1964 Brazil
		1960s Cold-War housing politics in Latin America
		Order and progress? Post-1964 housing in Brazil, Argentina and Chile
	CHAPTER 15 ECHOES OF EMPIRE: POSTWAR HOUSING IN THE MIDDLE EAST, SOUTH ASIA AND AFRICA
		The Middle East and North Africa: decolonization and development
		Israel: creating a ‘new geography’ through public housing
		India and South Asia: building on colonial bureaucracy
		Capital colonies: post-independence Delhi
		Bombay/Mumbai and MHADA: pressure-cooker building
		Sub-Saharan Africa: colonialism’s last stand
		Progressive’ housing decolonization in Francophone Africa
		Divide and rule? Segregation and mass housing in ‘British’ Africa
		South Africa: segregated housing in a siege society
		Conclusion
	CHAPTER 16 FROM THIRD WORLD TO FIRST WORLD: MASS HOUSING IN CAPITALIST EASTERN ASIA
		Towards the ‘developmental state’: postwar housing in Japan
		Housing the ‘Asian Tigers’
		‘Housing Gangnam-style’: South Korea’s tanji revolution
		Hong Kong and Singapore: a study in sibling rivalry
		Shek Kip Mei and Bukit Ho Swee: from resettlement to home-ownership
		Race to the Top: HDB and HKHA architecture
		First cousin: Macau
		Conclusion
PART 3 1989 TO THE PRESENT: RETRENCHMENT AND RENEWAL
	CHAPTER 17 RESILIENCE AND RENEWAL: MASS HOUSING INTO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
		Introduction
		The aftermath: mass housing at bay in the former First and Second Worlds
		Residual mass housing in the Global South
	CHAPTER 18 RACE TO THE TOP: THE NEW ASIAN DEVELOPMENTALISM
		TOKi and AKP Turkey
		Developmental Eastern Asia into the twenty- first century
		Building for the ‘Mass Line’: social housing in twenty-first-century China
	CHAPTER 19 CONCLUSION: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL, IDEALISM AND REALPOLITIK
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX