Maritime Transport and Regional Sustainability

Front matter
Copyright
List of figures
List of tables
Contributors
Foreword
Setting the scene on maritime transport and regional sustainability
	Introduction
	Description of different chapters
		Theoretical settings ( Chapter 2)
		Adapting to climate change impacts ( Chapters 3–6)
		Improving environmental performance ( Chapters 7 and 8)
		Opening up the Arctic seas (Chapters 9–13)
		Other key issues (Chapters 14–18)
		Acknowledgments
	Looking to the future
	Reference
Environmental governance in shipping and ports: Sustainability and scale challenges
	Introduction—Environmental challenges in shipping and ports
	Environmental governance—The IMO
		Role of IMO and main policies
		Market-based mechanisms
		IMO targets
	Environmental governance—Other organizations
		The national level
		The port and city level
		Supranational organizations—The EU
		Industry and voluntary organizations
	The role of scale and institutional inertia
	Conclusion
	References
Storm resilience and sustainability at the Port of Providence, USA
	Introduction
	Planning for inundation
	The Port of Providence, Rhode Island
	Survey
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	References
	Further reading
Insights from recent economic modeling on port adaptation to climate change effects
	Introduction
	Theoretical framework
		Basic economic issues in existing modeling work
			Uncertainties affecting port adaptation
			Port market structure
		Economic modeling
			Port demand and pricing decisions conditional on port adaptation
			Port adaptation investment
	Discussions on existing theoretical findings
		Timing of port adaptation investment
		Uncertainty of disaster and adaptation efficiency
		Port market structure
	Avenues for future research
		Asymmetry in disaster uncertainty and other port features
		Vertical concession contract between PA and TOCs
		Positive externality of port adaptation on regional economy
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Sustainability cruising and its supply chain
	Introduction
	Understand coordination and vertical integration in cruise ports
		Cruise maritime cluster development—objectives and incentives
	Responsible cruising and its economic impacts
		Social, cultural, and environmental externality
		Challenges to quantify environmental externality
	Marine environmental efficiency and CSR
		Quantify environmental efficiency with undesirable output
	Incentive mechanism in cruise supply chain
		Contract theory to overcome moral hazard and vulnerability
	Conclusions
	References
	Further reading
How does the UK transport system respond to the risks posed by climate change? An analysis from the perspective of adaptati ...
	Introduction
	Methodology
	Adapting planning for climate change in the UK road and rail systems
		Highways England
		Network Rail
		London (Transport for London & Environment Agency)
			Transport for London
			Environment Agency
		Devon County Council
	Discussion and conclusion
	Appendix. Basic information of interviewees
	References
	Further reading
Green port initiatives for a more sustainable port-city interaction: The case study of Barcelona
	Introduction
	Relevance of the Port of Barcelona
	Environmental impact of the Port of Barcelona on the city
		Environmental initiatives at the Port of Barcelona
	Results from the evaluation of port initiatives
		Analysis of NO 2
		Analysis of SO 2
		Analysis of PM 10
		Analysis of PM 2.5
	Discussion and conclusion
	References
Climate change adaptation and mitigation in ports
	Advances in Colombia
	Context
	Climate change impacts and ports
	Climate change, national strategies and ports
	The Colombian port system
	Climate change adaptation
		Mitigation efforts and constructing energy consumption and emissions baseline data
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Navigational risk factor analysis of Arctic shipping in ice-covered waters
	Introduction
	Method and data
		The HFACS framework
		Fault tree analysis (FTA)
		Textual data mining approach
		Accident reports and scientific literature
	Model and results
		Ship collision factors analysis under icebreaker assistance
			HFACS-SICI
			Ship to icebreaker collision risk factors identification
		Analysis of ice-ship collision factors in the context of independent navigation
			Text mining to identify risk factors
			Identifying ice-ship collision risk factors
	Navigational risk factors analysis using fault tree model
		FT modeling for ship collision accidents under icebreaker assistance
		FT modeling for ice-ship collision in the context of independent navigation
		Qualitative analysis of collision risk
		Relationship analysis of different accident scenarios
	Discussion and conclusion
	Appendix
	Acknowledgment
	References
	Further reading
Assessing the risk of potential oil spills in the Arctic due to shipping
	Introduction
	The concept of risk
	Source, fate and transport, partition, and exposure modeling
	Addressing uncertainty and variability
	The scenario
	The analysis
	Discussion and conclusions
	Future work
	References
Future Arctic shipping, black carbon emissions, and climate change
	Black carbon
	BC emissions and maritime shipping
	Localized health impacts
	International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulatory activities
	Arctic Council goals
	Future Arctic shipping emission control measures and cleaner technologies
	Conclusions
	References
Opportunities and challenges of the opening of the Arctic Ocean for Norway
	Introduction
	Benefits and risks of the opening of the Arctic Ocean
	Benefits and risks of the opening of the Arctic Ocean related to Norway
		Reduction in shipping distance and vessels’ operation
		Economic benefits, sea species, infrastructure, and political dispute
	Conclusion
	References
Climate change, a double-edged sword: The case of Churchill on the Northwest Passage
	Introduction
	Case study: The Churchill example
		The implications
		Impacts on essential services
			Impact on grocery
			Impact on fuel supply
			Impact on postal services
			Impact on health care
			Impact on liquor
		Other impacts
			Tourism and commuting cost
			Employment
			Psychology effect
	Opportunities for substitutions
	The development of Northwest Passage as a potential solution
	Conclusions
	References
An investigation into the responsibility of cruise tourism in China
	Introduction
	Negative effects of cruise tourism
	The use of shore power in China’s cruise ports
	Responsible cruise tourism
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Government initiatives on transport and regional systems: The development and management of Chinese high-speed rail
	Introduction
	Chinese HSR development
		Ten megacity regions
		Four trillion RMB (585 billion USD) stimulus package
		Government support
	Looking to the future: HSR and regional development
		Spatial distribution of employment and population
		An integrated HSR network
		HSR freight
		Long-distance international HSR services
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Connect or be connected strategy in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Korean case
	Introduction
	How to react Korean ports to Chinese overseas port developments b
		China’s investment in overseas port development along the Maritime Silk Road
		Ports’ “going global strategy” advocated by the central and local governments
	Key factors for efficiently connecting Korea to Europe in the context of the BRI
	Concluding remarks
	Variables of development priority of ports f
	Overseas port investment and operation of Chinese enterprises
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Further reading
A multiobjective programming model for comparing existing and potential corridors between the Indian Ocean and China
	Introduction
		Background
		Literature review
		Intellectual merits of this research with scenario settings
		Structure of this chapter
	Methodology
		Objective system
			Transport cost
			Energy consumption and GHG emissions
			Safety
		Resulting model
	Model application and analysis
		Scenario settings
		Scenario analysis
			Sensitivity to the weight w j
			Sensitivity to the safety cost
				The probability of risks to occur
				The maintenance cost of pipeline
	Analysis of return on investment
		Predicting volume of imports and exports
		Optimal volume allocation
		Analysis of return on investment
	Transport and regional impacts
	Concluding remarks
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Further reading
Mehar method for solving unbalanced generalized interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy number transportation problems
	Introduction
	Ebrahimnejad’s method for transforming an unbalanced generalized IVTrFNTP into a balanced generalized IVTrFNTP
	Flaws of Ebrahimnejad’s method for transforming an unbalanced generalized IVTrFNTP into a balanced generalized IVTrFNTP
	Proposed Mehar method for transforming an unbalanced generalized IVTrFNTP into a balanced generalized IVTrFNTP
	Validity of the proposed Mehar method
		The obtained dummy supply will be a generalized IVTrFN
		The obtained dummy demand will be a generalized IVTrFN
		The obtained dummy supply and dummy demand will be a generalized IVTrFNs
		Validity of the condition
		Validity of the condition
		Validity of the condition
	Invalidity of the existing result
	Exact dummy supply and dummy demand for the existing generalized IVTrFNTP
	Exact results of the existing generalized IVTrFNTP
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Index
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	D
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	F
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	H
	I
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	K
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	M
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	O
	P
	Q
	R
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	T
	U
	V
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	X
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