Marine Medicinal Foods: Implications and Applications: Animals and Microbes

Preface......Page 1
Series Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contributors
......Page 5
Nutraceutical Functionalities of Polysaccharides from Marine Invertebrates......Page 10
Introduction......Page 11
Sea cucumbers......Page 13
Ascidians......Page 17
Sea urchins......Page 20
Nudibranchs......Page 21
References......Page 24
Marine By-product Phospholipids as Booster of Medicinal Compounds......Page 30
Marine Phospholipid must be More Effective than Fish Oil TG on Health Benefits......Page 31
Boosting Effect on Cancer Cell Differentiation......Page 34
Boosting Effect on Cancer Suppression......Page 37
Boosting Effect on Antiobesity Compounds......Page 40
References......Page 44
Chitosan as Potential Marine Nutraceutical......Page 46
Introduction......Page 47
Chitosan from other sources......Page 48
Antioxidant activity......Page 50
Hypocholesterolemic effects......Page 51
Antimicrobial activity......Page 53
Anti-inflammatory activity......Page 54
Other biological properties......Page 56
References......Page 57
Bioactive Marine Peptides: Nutraceutical Value and Novel Approaches......Page 61
Introduction......Page 62
Effect of The Structural Properties of Peptides on Bioactivity......Page 63
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Marine Fish......Page 67
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Lobster, Shrimp, and Crabs......Page 71
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Mollusks and Oysters......Page 72
Fermented Marine Peptides and Novel Approaches......Page 75
Concluding Remarks......Page 84
References......Page 87
Chitosan and Fish Collagen as Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine......Page 94
General Properties of Scaffold for Regenerative Medicine......Page 95
Molecular weight and degree of deacetylation......Page 96
Compression test......Page 98
Degeneration temperature......Page 99
Cross-linking for stability......Page 100
Collagen......Page 101
Chitosan......Page 102
References......Page 103
Characterization of Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Marine Invertebrates......Page 108
Introduction......Page 109
Preparation of Bioactive Peptides from Invertebrates......Page 110
The mechanism of hypertensive......Page 111
Shellfish......Page 113
Crustaceans......Page 115
Other invertebrates......Page 118
Pathogenic mechanism of AD: Amyloid cascade hypothesis......Page 119
Marine zooplankton......Page 121
Shellfish......Page 122
Marine zooplankton......Page 123
Other invertebrates......Page 125
Antimicrobial Activity......Page 126
Conclusion......Page 128
References......Page 129
Health Benefits of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid......Page 134
Sources and Intakes of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid......Page 135
Health Benefits of n-3 PUFAs......Page 136
n-3 PUFAs and cardiovascular diseases......Page 137
Anti-inflammatory Effects of EPA and DHA......Page 138
n-3 PUFAs and Metabolic Disorders......Page 139
Health Concerns......Page 141
References......Page 142
Structure-Function Relationship of Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Well-Defined Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Invertebrates......Page 146
Introduction to Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides: A High Tendency for Regular Chemical Structures in Invertebrates.........Page 147
The Interaction of MSPs with Coagulation co-factors: Prevention of Blood Coagulation......Page 151
An example of influence by sugar type......Page 152
An example of preferential conformation binding......Page 155
An example of influence by sulfation pattern......Page 156
Remark Conclusions......Page 157
References......Page 158
Beneficial Effect of Teleost Fish Bone Peptide as Calcium Supplements for Bone Mineralization......Page 161
Introduction......Page 162
Chemical composition of hoki bone......Page 163
Isolation and biochemical properties of FBP isolated from hoki bone......Page 164
Ca-binding activity of FBP isolated from hoki bone......Page 165
Beneficial effect of FBP on Ca bioavailability in ovariectomised rats osteoporosis-modeling rats......Page 166
References......Page 168
Marine Bacterial Sources of Bioactive Compounds......Page 170
Introduction......Page 171
Antibacterial compounds......Page 172
Antiviral compound......Page 173
Antitumor compound......Page 174
Bioactive compounds from marine actinomycetes......Page 176
Cyanovirin-N......Page 178
Antiviral effect......Page 181
References......Page 183
Medicinal Benefits of Marine Invertebrates: Sources for Discovering Natural Drug Candidates......Page 190
Introduction......Page 191
Phylum Porifera......Page 193
Phylum Cnidaria......Page 194
Phylum Bryozoa......Page 195
Phylum Molluska......Page 196
Phylum Arthropoda......Page 199
Limitations of Marine Invertebrates as Source for Health Foods and Drug Candidates......Page 200
References......Page 201
Upgrading of Sea By-products: Potential Nutraceutical Applications......Page 207
Introduction......Page 208
Enzymatic Process......Page 209
CCK Secretion Stimulated Peptides......Page 210
CGRP-like Peptides......Page 214
Antioxidant Peptides......Page 215
References......Page 217
Sea-Originated Cytotoxic Substances......Page 223
Halichondrins, Antitumor Compounds from Halichondria Okadai......Page 224
Cytotoxic Compounds Related to the Coral Community......Page 227
Cytotoxic Compounds from Cyanobacteria......Page 232
References......Page 234
Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges and Their Symbiotic Microbes: A Potential Source of Nutraceuticals......Page 237
Introduction......Page 238
Marine Sponges and Their Symbiotic Microbes......Page 240
Anti-inflammatory compounds......Page 241
Hypocholesterolemic compounds......Page 244
Natural pigments......Page 246
Sustainable Production of Sponge Metabolite......Page 247
References......Page 248
Development of Bioactive Peptides from Fish Proteins and Their Health Promoting Ability......Page 252
Introduction......Page 253
Structure-activity Relationship of Fish Peptides......Page 254
Peptides from fish skin collagen and gelatin......Page 255
Production of Peptides from Various Fish Body Parts......Page 256
Antioxidant activity......Page 257
Antimicrobial activity......Page 258
Anticancer effect......Page 260
Future Trends of Peptides from Fish Proteins......Page 261
References......Page 262
Chitooligosaccharides as Potential Nutraceuticals: Production and Bioactivities......Page 266
Chemical hydrolysis......Page 267
Enzymatic hydrolysis......Page 269
Continuous production of COSs......Page 271
Antihypertensive activity......Page 272
Antimicrobial activity......Page 273
Antitumor activity......Page 275
Antioxidant activity......Page 276
Other biological activities......Page 277
References......Page 278
Biological Importance and Applications of Squalene and Squalane......Page 282
Background......Page 283
Biological Roles of Squalene and Squalane......Page 284
Antioxidant......Page 285
Anticancer......Page 286
Skin care......Page 287
Drug delivery agent......Page 288
Detoxifier......Page 289
Conclusion......Page 290
References......Page 291
Enzymatic Properties of Starfish Phospholipase A2 and Its Application......Page 293
Introduction......Page 294
PLA2 Activity of Starfish......Page 296
Enzymatic Properties of Starfish PLA2......Page 298
Structural Properties of Starfish PLA2......Page 301
Structure-Function Relationship of Starfish PLA2......Page 304
Application of Starfish PLA2......Page 306
References......Page 308
Triterpene Glycosides from Sea Cucumbers and Their Biological Activities......Page 313
The Structural Features of Triterpene Glycosides......Page 314
Anticancer activity......Page 316
Antifungal activity......Page 330
Structure-activity Relationships......Page 331
Concluding Remarks......Page 332
References......Page 333
Introduction......Page 336
Marine Fungi Resources and Anthraquinones......Page 337
Effect of Chrysophanol, Physcion, and Emodin on the Inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 Expressions......Page 338
References......Page 341
Marine Fish-Derived Bioactive Peptides as Potential Antihypertensive Agents......Page 343
Introduction......Page 344
Antihypertensive Activity of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Marine Fishes......Page 345
Acknowledgment......Page 351
References......Page 352
Biological Activities of Glucosamine and Its Related Substances......Page 355
Introduction......Page 356
Effects of GlcN-derivatives and Uronic Acids on the Production of GAG by Human Synovial Cells and Chondrocytes.........Page 357
Effects of GlcN and GlcNAc on the Mineralization of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells......Page 360
Effects of GlcN and GlcNAc on the Osteoblastic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells......Page 361
Effects of GlcN and GlcNAc on the Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB Ligand by MC3T3-E1 Cells......Page 363
Other Biological Activities of GlcN......Page 364
Conclusions......Page 366
References......Page 368
Therapeutic Drugs: Healing Power of Marine Fish......Page 371
Introduction......Page 372
Carbohydrates derivatives from marine fish......Page 373
Collagen and gelatin......Page 374
Protein hydrolysate and bioactive peptides......Page 375
Omega-3 fatty acids......Page 377
Extraction and purification......Page 378
Applications of omega-3 fatty acids......Page 379
Conclusion......Page 380
References......Page 381
Index......Page 389
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Marine Microbes for Drug Discovery......Page 400
Introduction......Page 401
Secondary metabolites from marine bacteria......Page 403
Secondary metabolites isolated from marine actinomycetes......Page 405
Secondary metabolites isolated from marine fungi......Page 407
Secondary metabolites from marine cyanobacteria......Page 408
Secondary metabolites produced by microbial symbionts......Page 410
Limitations in Use of Natural Products for Drug Development......Page 412
Advance Strategies to Exploit Marine Natural Products......Page 413
Future Prospective of Marine Microbes and Conclusions......Page 414
References......Page 416
Development of Marine Probiotics: Prospects and Approach......Page 425
Introduction......Page 426
Prerequisites for Probiotics......Page 427
Potential of Probiotics......Page 428
Approaches for Development of Marine Probiotics......Page 430
Conclusion......Page 431
References......Page 432
Bioactive Sterols from Marine Resources and Their Potential Benefits for Human Health......Page 435
Anti-inflammation activity......Page 436
Anti-HIV activity......Page 438
Anticancer activity......Page 439
Conclusions......Page 440
References......Page 441
Applications of Marine Nutraceuticals in Dairy Products......Page 443
Introduction......Page 444
Polysaccharides......Page 445
Bioactive peptides......Page 446
Carotenoids......Page 447
Antitumor/anticancer marine nutraceuticals......Page 448
Antioxidant marine-derived nutraceuticals......Page 451
Marine-derived nutraceuticals against cardiovascular diseases......Page 453
Marine-derived antimicrobial nutraceuticals......Page 454
Marine nutraceuticals as probiotics......Page 455
Applicability of the Marine-derived Nutraceuticals in the Dairy Industry......Page 456
References......Page 459
Secondary Metabolites with New Medicinal Functions from Marine Organisms......Page 465
Halichlorine, A Bioactive Marine Natural Compound Isolated from A Marine Sponge H. Okadai Kadota......Page 466
Halichlorine inhibits LPS-induced NF-kappab activation in endothelial cells......Page 467
Halichlorine inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells......Page 469
References......Page 471
Utilization of Seafood Processing By-products: Medicinal Applications......Page 474
Introduction......Page 475
Peptides from fish skin and back bone......Page 476
Biological activities of peptides and fish protein hydrolysates......Page 477
Fish Skin Collagen and Gelatin......Page 478
Bioactivities of collagen and gelatin peptides......Page 479
Chitin, Chitosan, and their Derivatives from Crustacean Shells and Shellfish......Page 480
Biological activities of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives......Page 481
Application of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives......Page 482
Separation and Application of Fish Oil as Health-Promoting Agent......Page 483
Application of Fish Bone as Potential Calcium Source......Page 485
References......Page 486
Biological Activities and Health Effects of Terpenoids from Marine Fungi......Page 492
Diversity of Terpenoids Derived from Marine Fungi......Page 493
Health Benefits and Biological Activities of Terpenoids from Marine Fungi......Page 494
References......Page 495
Application of Marine Microbial Enzymes in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries......Page 497
Lipase......Page 498
Chitinase and chitosanase......Page 500
Alginate lyases......Page 501
Carrageenases......Page 502
Cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolase......Page 503
Other polysaccharide hydrolases......Page 504
Conclusion......Page 505
References......Page 506
Medicinal Foods from Marine Animals: Current Status and Prospects......Page 510
Introduction......Page 511
Fish......Page 512
Crustaceans......Page 515
Other Marine Animals of Medicinal Value......Page 516
References......Page 517