Management of Hazardous Substances in the Environment

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
List of Contributors......Page 11
1 Environmental Policy: Strategies and  International Cooperation......Page 14
POLICIES......Page 24
Objectives......Page 27
Methods......Page 28
INSTRUMENTS......Page 29
INTRODUCTION......Page 32
MAIN ACTIVITIES OF IRPTC......Page 33
Computerized Database and Chemical Data Profiles......Page 34
Network for Information Exchange and Related Activities......Page 36
National Registers of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (NRPTCs)......Page 38
Evaluation of chemical hazards......Page 40
Information Exchange......Page 41
CONCLUSIONS......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
Reasons for Assessment Work......Page 46
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD?......Page 47
PRINCIPLES OF SCORING SYSTEMS......Page 49
ADVANCED HAZARD ASSESSMENT......Page 51
EXTREMELY TOXIC AND PERSISTENT CHEMICALS......Page 52
REFERENCES......Page 56
INTRODUCTION......Page 62
ASSESSMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF MARINE  POLLUTION......Page 64
ACCEPTABLE/UNACCEPTABLE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC  CHEMICALS......Page 65
RISK ASSESSMENT OF MARINE EUTROPHICATION......Page 67
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 72
6 Managing the Environment: Role and Duties of  the Chemical Industry in an International Context......Page 74
Major Wet Processes......Page 82
Problems with Wet Processes and Counter-Measures......Page 83
Dry and Semi-dry Processes......Page 84
FGD Cost......Page 85
Combustion Modification (CM)......Page 86
NOx Removal Processes......Page 87
Simultaneous SO2 and NOx Removal......Page 88
Overview of MSW Incinerators......Page 89
Gas Cleaning Systems for MSW Incinerators......Page 90
Problems with Mercury......Page 91
Gas Cleaning for Sewage Treatment Sludge Incinerators......Page 93
CO2 Emissions by Electric Power Generation......Page 94
REFERENCES......Page 96
INTRODUCTION......Page 98
Present-Day Objectives......Page 99
OVERALL TREATMENT PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE......Page 101
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES......Page 103
Chemical Processes......Page 108
Biological Processes for Nutrient Control......Page 109
Adsorptive Processes......Page 110
‘PCT Only’......Page 112
Primary Chemical Treatment Followed by Biological Treatment......Page 113
SLUDGE TREATMENT......Page 114
A SIMPLE SYSTEM REPRESENTING WATER POLLUTION  CONTROL......Page 116
FLOWS OF MATTER AND FEEDBACKS IN THE SYSTEM......Page 121
AN EXAMPLE CASE: NITROGEN......Page 123
REFERENCES......Page 125
10 New Trends in Clean Technologies: Non-Polluting Recycling Technologies. Legislative and Institutional Initiatives in the…......Page 128
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 137
CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES......Page 138
Mechanism of Pollution......Page 142
DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES......Page 143
STRATEGY AGAINST HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES......Page 145
Acceptable Wastes Corresponding with Disposal Facility......Page 147
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS AND  DESIGN CRITERIA......Page 148
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 149
BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM......Page 152
FORCES ACTING TO PROMOTE TRANSFRONTIER  MOVEMENTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES......Page 154
OECD......Page 156
European Community......Page 161
United Nations Environment Program......Page 162
PROGNOSTICATIONS CONCERNING THE NEAR-TERM  FUTURE......Page 165
NOTES......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 168
APPENDIX: SOME COMMENTS CONCERNING  HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES FACED BY  DEVELOPING COUNTRIES......Page 169
13 Reducing Corporate Environmental Liabilities with a Complete Environmental Management and Protection System: A Guide for…......Page 176
Example......Page 181
Question......Page 182
Summary......Page 183
Summary......Page 184
Summary......Page 185
Example......Page 186
Example......Page 187
Example......Page 188
Summary......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
14 Immobilization of Pollutants in Stabilized Sludge Composed of Lignite Ashes and Residues of Flue Gas Desulphurization......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 194
CURRENT ACTIVITIES......Page 196
Appendix II......Page 198
Index......Page 210