Man-made lakes : their problems and environmental effects

Title Page
......Page 5
Copyright
......Page 6
Foreword......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Contents......Page 10
MAN-MADE LAKE ECOSYSTEM......Page 15
NEW WATER BODY......Page 23
TRANSFORMED BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS......Page 28
Lake Basin Population......Page 39
Lake Basin Development......Page 43
RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 46
Essentials of Public Policy......Page 47
Intergovernmental Support......Page 48
Scientific Cooperation......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 51
World Register on Man-Made Lakes......Page 53
REFERENCES......Page 59
Artificial Lakes of Romania......Page 60
GENERAL ASPECTS......Page 66
LAKE ST. CLAIR 1937......Page 69
LAKE ROWALLAN 1967......Page 70
LAKES PEDDER AND GORDON 1972......Page 71
CONCLUSION......Page 72
Cauvery River Basin......Page 73
METEOROLOGY......Page 76
HYDROLOGY......Page 77
Resettlement, Marginal Agriculture, and Paddycum-Fish Culture......Page 80
PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 81
REFERENCES......Page 82
AYAME LAKE......Page 84
KOSSOU LAKE......Page 85
Volta Lake in Relation to the Human Population and Some Issues in Economics and Management......Page 87
Resettlement......Page 88
Industries......Page 90
PROBLEMS OF THE LAKE......Page 93
EVALUATIONS......Page 94
REFERENCES......Page 95
VOLTA LAKE IN THE GHANA SETTING......Page 96
VOLTA LAKE RESEARCH......Page 98
Limnology......Page 100
Plankton and Algae......Page 101
Fish Studies......Page 102
Public Health......Page 103
CONCLUSION......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 106
LAKE ENVIRONMENT......Page 108
PREDICTED CHANGES......Page 110
ACTUAL CHANGES......Page 112
CONCLUSION......Page 114
REFERENCES......Page 116
VOLTA LAKE FISHERY......Page 117
FISHERMEN......Page 118
SYSTEM AND THE DIRECTION OF CHANGE......Page 119
EFFECTS OF CHANGE......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 122
RESEARCH METHODS EMPLOYED......Page 123
RESULTS......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 129
Methods......Page 130
Results......Page 132
SIGNIFICANCE OF DISTRIBUTION......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 140
EARLY HISTORY......Page 141
PHYSICAL SYSTEMS......Page 142
VEGETATION......Page 145
FISH POPULATIONS......Page 146
FISH INTRODUCTIONS......Page 147
OTHER RESEARCH......Page 149
REFERENCES......Page 150
MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH......Page 152
RESETTLEMENT......Page 153
FISHING GEAR......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 156
Results of Fish Population Size Assessments in Lake Kariba Coves Zambia, A Decade after Their Creation......Page 157
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE AND TREATMENT OF DATA......Page 159
FISH STOCK ABUNDANCE......Page 160
DISCUSSION AND NOTES ON PRODUCTION......Page 162
REFERENCES......Page 165
Potamodromesis in the Mwenda River, Lake Kariba......Page 167
FISH MIGRATION......Page 168
VARIATIONS IN BREEDING BEHAVIOR......Page 170
REFERENCES......Page 172
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF THE LAKE......Page 173
POSSIBLE LIMITATION OF PLANT GROWTH BY NUTRIENTS......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 176
CATCHMENT......Page 178
GEOLOGIC FEATURES......Page 183
RESETTLEMENT AND FORESHORE CULTIVATION......Page 189
NAVIGATION......Page 190
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY......Page 191
FISH......Page 192
MANAGEMENT FOR MULTIPLE USE......Page 193
Lake Brokopondo......Page 194
HISTORY......Page 205
DAM STRUCTURE......Page 206
KAINJI LAKE......Page 208
FISHERY RESOURCES......Page 213
FISHERY......Page 216
SOCIOECONOMIC STUDIES......Page 218
PUBLIC HEALTH STUDIES......Page 220
WILDLIFE STUDIES......Page 222
Fauna......Page 224
Habitat......Page 225
REFERENCES......Page 226
EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY......Page 228
PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY......Page 229
CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY......Page 231
HYDROLOGY......Page 232
SEDIMENTATION......Page 233
HUNTING......Page 234
FISHING......Page 235
RELATION TO MAN......Page 237
FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 240
REFERENCES......Page 241
PHYSICAL SYSTEM......Page 242
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM......Page 244
Fisheries......Page 245
Agriculture......Page 248
Public Health......Page 249
Transportation......Page 251
MANAGEMENT FOR MULTIPLE USE......Page 252
Effect of the Rybinsk Reservoir on the Surrounding Area......Page 254
OBJECTIVES AND DECISIONS......Page 259
SYSTEM OPERATION......Page 260
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 261
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE......Page 263
MAN-MADE LAKES AS ELEMENTS OF WATER RESOURCE SYSTEMS......Page 264
FLOW REGIME AND STRATIFICATION IN MAN-MADE LAKES......Page 266
REFERENCES......Page 267
WATER BALANCE OF RESERVOIRS......Page 269
COMPUTATION OF WATER AND SALTBALANCE OF RESERVOIRS......Page 271
DYNAMIC PHENOMENA......Page 272
PROBLEMS OF ICE REGIME OF RESERVOIRS......Page 273
FORMATION OF SHORES ANDBOTTOMS OF RESERVOIRS......Page 274
RESERVOIR SILTING......Page 275
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE THREE LAKES......Page 277
IMPORTANCE OF THE LAKE SYSTEM TOTHE RIPARIAN COUNTRIES......Page 278
OBJECTIVES......Page 280
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS......Page 281
CONCLUSION......Page 282
Retardation of Evaporation from Open Water Storages......Page 283
METHOD OF DISPENSATION......Page 284
ASSESSMENT OF EVAPORATION......Page 285
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 286
Sample Calculation......Page 287
Accuracy for the Computation of Water Balance of a Large Reservoir of the USSR......Page 288
SEEPAGE INVESTIGATIONS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF DESIGN......Page 292
HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION STAGES......Page 293
CALCULATION OF SEEPAGE LOSSES BY COMPARING THE ANNUAL FLOW AT THE INLET AND OUTLET......Page 295
PERFORMANCE......Page 297
CORRECTIVE MEASURES......Page 298
CONCLUSIONS......Page 299
REVIEW OF THE CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGICREGIME......Page 300
Effect of a Single Reservoir......Page 301
Effect of Several Reservoirs......Page 302
COMPARISON OF OBSERVED AND NATURAL RUNOFFOF THE SITIA......Page 303
CONCLUSION......Page 304
Mechanics of Flow through Man-Made Lakes......Page 305
FLOW MECHANICS......Page 306
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS......Page 310
REFERENCES......Page 315
INTERNAL CURRENTS......Page 316
FIELD STUDIES......Page 318
REFERENCES......Page 320
Some Results of 20-Year Network Observations on Currents in Tchudsko-Pskovskoe Lake......Page 321
KENTUCKY LAKE TRANSIENTS......Page 325
REFERENCES......Page 331

Movement of Heated Water Discharges from Power Plantsin Man-Made Lakes......Page 332
REGIONAL NEED AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY......Page 340
EVALUATION OF STRATIFIED FLOW SOLUTIONS......Page 341
IMPOUNDMENT WATER QUALITY MODEL......Page 342
REFERENCES......Page 345
Extent......Page 347
Consequences......Page 348
DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES......Page 349
METHODS OF SEDIMENT CONTROL......Page 351
REFERENCES......Page 352
RESERVOIR STORAGE DEPLETION RATES......Page 354
WATERSHED SEDIMENT YIELDS......Page 355
SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION AND RESERVOIR STORAGE LOSS BY RIVER BASINS......Page 356
REFERENCES......Page 361
SCOPE OF RESEARCH ON RESERVOIR SILTING......Page 363
EXTENT OF RESERVOIR SILTING......Page 364
CHANGES IN QUANTITY AND TYPE OF DEBRISACCUMULATED IN RESERVOIRS......Page 366
REFERENCES......Page 367
Reservoir Sedimentation Studies......Page 368
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES......Page 372
CLASTIC SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION......Page 374
ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS......Page 376
ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL......Page 378
REFERENCES......Page 379
Sediment Studies Pertaining to Small-Reservoir Design......Page 380
TRAP EFFICIENCY STUDY......Page 381
REFERENCES......Page 384
MISSOURI RESERVOIRS......Page 385
NUTRIENTS: MINNESOTA RESERVOIRS......Page 389
REFERENCES......Page 390
DESCRIPTION OF THE RESERVOIR......Page 391
RESERVOIR SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION......Page 392
CONCLUSIONS......Page 395
REFERENCES......Page 398
Sediment Accumulation in Reservoirs of Moderate Size......Page 399
REFERENCE......Page 401
Summary: Interaction between Reservoirs and the Atmosphere and Its Hydrometeorological Elements......Page 402
DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS......Page 403
THEORETICAL SUBSTANCE OF THE PROBLEMS......Page 404
INFLUENCE OF THE AIR-WATER INTERACTION INRESERVOIRS AND ITS PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 405
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH TRENDS......Page 407
REFERENCES......Page 408
STUDY AREAS......Page 410
INSTRUMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD......Page 411
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS......Page 413
SUMMARY......Page 421
REFERENCES......Page 423
PHYSICAL BASIS OF MODEL......Page 425
ACCURACY OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL......Page 428
CONCLUSIONS......Page 430
REFERENCES......Page 431
SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS......Page 432
SUGGESTIONS FOR CLASSIFYING SHORELINES......Page 440
REFERENCES......Page 443
FACTS......Page 444
COMPLEMENTARY CONCLUSIONS......Page 453
TRIGGERING MECHANISM......Page 454
PROGRAM OF RESEARCH......Page 455
REFERENCES......Page 456
INITIATION AND LOCALIZATION OF THE SEISMICACTIVITY......Page 458
FREQUENCY OF EARTHQUAKES IN RELATION TO WATER LEVEL OR INJECTION......Page 459
VALUES IN THE FREQUENCY AND MAGNITUDE RELATIONS......Page 461
FORESHOCK-AFTERSHOCK PATTERNS......Page 464
REFERENCES......Page 469
SEISMIC MONITORING SYSTEM......Page 471
SEISMIC ACTIVITY AT OROVILLE RESERVOIR......Page 472
REFERENCES......Page 474
FLAMING GORGE AND GLEN CANYON......Page 475
SAN LUIS DAM......Page 476
HOOVER DAM AND LAKE MEAD, NEVADA......Page 478
SUMMARY......Page 479
RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 480
REFERENCES......Page 482
DISCUSSION......Page 483
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 486
REFERENCES......Page 487
ANNUAL CYCLE OF STRATIFICATION......Page 489
CIRCULATION IN THE CENTRAL BASIN......Page 492
DISCUSSION......Page 493
REFERENCES......Page 494
DIRECT CHANGES......Page 495
INDIRECT CHANGES......Page 498
REFERENCES......Page 499
OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION......Page 500
REFERENCES......Page 505
Topography of the Lake......Page 507
Physicochemical......Page 508
Biological......Page 510
REFERENCES......Page 512
WORK PROGRAM......Page 513
DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS......Page 514
SUITABILITY OF WATER FORDIFFERENT PURPOSES......Page 515
CONCLUSIONS......Page 516
Limnological Basis for Modeling Reservoir Ecosystems......Page 517
ANALYSIS OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS......Page 518
APPLICATION TO RESERVOIRS......Page 519
SUBSYSTEM TEMPERATURE AND INTERNAL MIXING......Page 520
BASE FOR AN OXYGEN MODEL......Page 526
CONCLUSIONS......Page 531
APPENDIX: LIST OF PROCESSES CONSIDERED IN RECENT MODELS FOR DO CHANGES IN RIVERS......Page 532
REFERENCES......Page 533
Thermal Structure of the Artificial Reservoir......Page 536
REFERENCES......Page 539
PERSPECTIVE......Page 540
FINDINGS......Page 541
LARGE RESERVOIR STUDIES......Page 542
MINIATURIZED RESERVOIR STUDIES......Page 545
REFERENCES......Page 548
Reservoir Water Quality Control......Page 549
PURPOSE AND METHODS OF STUDY......Page 552
ENERGY BALANCE OF LAKES S AND L......Page 554
THERMAL CONDITIONS IN LAKES S AND L......Page 557
REFERENCES......Page 558
METHODS......Page 560
RESULTS......Page 561
REFERENCES......Page 566
SOURCES......Page 567
INTERNAL CYCLING......Page 569
REFERENCES......Page 570
ALLATOONA LAKE DESTRATIFICATION PROJECT......Page 572
DATA ANALYSES......Page 573
SUMMARY......Page 577
METHODS......Page 578
RESULTS......Page 579
DISCUSSION......Page 584
SUMMARY......Page 585
REFERENCES......Page 586
REMARKS......Page 588
Preimpoundment Features of the Kainji Area and Their Possible Influence on the Ecology of the Newly Formed Lake......Page 590
REFERENCES......Page 594
Bureau of Reclamation Reservoirs and the Environment......Page 596
RECREATION......Page 597
EXPOSED BEACHES AROUND RESERVOIRS......Page 598
NEED FOR RESEARCH......Page 599
MICROBIAL LIFE......Page 601
ANIMAL LIFE......Page 602
SALTON SEA AS A POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT......Page 603
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 604
REFERENCES......Page 605
SALVINIA ON LAKE KARIBA......Page 606
OTHER EXPLOSIVE GROWTHS OF AQUATIC WEEDS......Page 608
GROWTH OF SALVINIA SPP. AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES IN SOUTH AMERICA......Page 609
CONCLUSIONS......Page 610
REFERENCES......Page 611
EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS MONOLAYERS......Page 612
EXPERIMENTAL CONCLUSIONS......Page 613
EFFECTS OF MINING AND MILLING WASTE WATERS......Page 614
REFERENCES......Page 615
RESULTS......Page 617
REFERENCES......Page 619
Zambia's Kafue Hydroelectric Scheme and Its Biological Problems......Page 620
RESULTS......Page 624
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 627
REFERENCES......Page 628
MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT......Page 629
DISCUSSION......Page 630
CONCLUSION......Page 631
WATER TEMPERATURE IN THE ABSENCE OF EVAPORATION......Page 632
INCREASE EV DISSOLVED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION DUE TO EVAPORATION......Page 633
REDUCING THE INCREASE IN DISSOLVED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION......Page 634
ALGAE......Page 636
REFERENCE......Page 638
Summary: Reservoirs in Relation to Man?Fisheries......Page 639
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE LAKES......Page 640
OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION......Page 641
SPECIAL PROBLEMS......Page 644
STATE OF THE ART CONCLUSIONS......Page 649
REFERENCES......Page 650
CHANGES OF THE FISH FAUNA IN THE LAKE......Page 653
FACTORS OF DISTRIBUTION OF FISH Up......Page 655
CHANGING FISHERIES BELOW THE DAM......Page 656
SUMMARY......Page 657
REFERENCES......Page 658
Catch of Fishes from Lake Nasser, Egypt, in the Early Years of Impoundment, 1966-1969......Page 659
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN CATCH......Page 660
SUMMARY......Page 661
TYPES OF RESERVOIRS......Page 662
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING RESERVOIR FISH PRODUCTION......Page 663
FISHING METHODS......Page 667
REFERENCES......Page 668
Fishery Problems and Opportunities in the Mekong......Page 670
FISHERIES PROBLEMS RELATIVE TO THE CREATION OF MAN-MADE LAKES......Page 671
MEKONG SITUATION......Page 672
PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES......Page 675
REFERENCES......Page 679
WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS......Page 681
DISCHARGE RATES......Page 683
MODELING THE BIOTA OF A RESERVOIR......Page 685
REFERENCES......Page 686
HISTORY OF LAKE APOPKA......Page 688
FWPCA STUDY......Page 690
RESTORATION PLANS......Page 691
CONCLUSION......Page 692
ADVANCED WASTE TREATMENT......Page 693
INDIAN CREEK RESERVOIR......Page 694
RESULTS......Page 696
CONCLUSIONS......Page 697
REFERENCES......Page 698
CAUSE AND EFFECT OF GAS SUPERSATURATION......Page 699
RESEARCH......Page 701
SUMMARY......Page 702
NATURE OF RELOCATION......Page 704
PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF RESETTLEMENT......Page 706
Resettlement Timing and Finance......Page 707
Resettlement Schemes as Systems......Page 708
New Systems of Production Associated withRelocation......Page 709
Relationships between Settlers and Hosts......Page 713
SUMMARY......Page 714
REFERENCES......Page 715
MORAL AND PRACTICAL JUSTIFICATION OF REHABILITATION MEASURES......Page 717
RESETTLEMENT AND OTHER READJUSTMENT MEASURES......Page 718
PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF RESETTLEMENT FROM RESERVOIR AREAS......Page 719
REFERENCES......Page 722
AGRICULTURAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 723
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIENCES OF THE VOLTA SETTLEMENTS......Page 724
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 725
REFERENCES......Page 726
Guidelines for Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Uprooted Agricultural Population in River Valley Projects......Page 727
CRITERIA FOR AMENITIES AND COMPENSATION......Page 728
NATIONAL POLICY......Page 729
Forced Resettlement: Selected Components of the Migratory Process......Page 731
LIVELIHOOD TRANSFER......Page 732
SOCIETAL SUBSIDY......Page 733
MASTER PLAN......Page 735
MAXIMIZATION OF NET FARM INCOME......Page 736
SMALL WATERSHED PROGRAMS......Page 737
FISHING AND WILDLIFE......Page 738
REFERENCES......Page 739
Small Watershed Program: Its Status and Effects......Page 740
BRUSH CREEK WATERSHED......Page 741
REFERENCES......Page 742
POND NUMBERS AND LOCATION......Page 743
UNPLANNED POND USES AND EFFECTS......Page 745
REFERENCES......Page 746
Man-Made Lakes and Wildlife Values......Page 747
NATURAL HABITAT......Page 748
NEW HABITAT......Page 749
ZONING AND REGULATION......Page 750
REFERENCE......Page 751
PLANT ECOLOGY OF MAN-MADE LAKES......Page 752
SCHISTOSOMIASIS PROBLEM IN MAN-MADE LAKES......Page 754
INSECT-BORNE DISEASES......Page 755
RESETTLEMENT OF POPULATIONS DISPLACED BY THE MAN-MADE LAKE......Page 756
HEALTH PROTECTION AND DAM CONSTRUCTION......Page 757
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REQUIREMENTS......Page 758
HEALTH SERVICES REQUIREMENTS......Page 759
PLACE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN MAN-MADE LAKE ADMINISTRATION......Page 760
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH......Page 761
HEALTH PROBLEMS OF DISPLACED COMMUNITIES......Page 762
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES......Page 763
REFERENCES......Page 765
OUTDOOR RECREATION IN RIVER BASIN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 766
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM AT MAN-MADE LAKES......Page 768
REFERENCES......Page 771
MEASURING ECONuMIC IMPACT......Page 772
WATER-BASED RECREATION IN OKLAHOMA......Page 773
INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS IN SOUTHEASTERN OKL,AHOMA......Page 774
IMPACT OF WATER-BASED RECREATION ON LAND VALUES......Page 775
PUBLIC POLICY PERSPECTIVES AND SOME ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH STRATEGIES......Page 776
REFERENCES......Page 778
USE OF DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIRS FOR RECREATION......Page 780
RECREATION AND WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIRS: A SOURCE OF POLLUTION?......Page 781
EFFICACY OF WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY......Page 782
REFERENCES......Page 783
LOSS OF HABITAT......Page 785
NEEDS FOR PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF TERRESTRIAL FORMS......Page 787
REFERENCES......Page 788
KAINJI LAKE IN......Page 789
LAKE KARIBA IN......Page 792
REFERENCES......Page 794
Plants for Shoreline Erosion Control in Southern Areas of the United States......Page 795
TESTS AT SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE CENTERS......Page 796
USE OF OTHER GRASSES......Page 799
REFERENCES......Page 800
REGIONAL SETTING......Page 801
SEDIMENTATION......Page 803
TURBIDITY......Page 804
POLLUTION......Page 805
PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS......Page 806
SUMMARY......Page 807
Effects of Man-Made Lakes on Ecosystems......Page 808
ONAND OFF-SITE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN RIVER FLOW......Page 809
BIRDS AND TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE......Page 810
CHANGES IN THE AQUATIC BIOTA......Page 811
REFERENCES......Page 813
NAVIGATION ON LAKE NASSER......Page 815
MAN-MADE LAKES......Page 816
TENNESSEE RIVER......Page 817
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 819
TRAFFIC AND BENEFITS......Page 820
BARGE-CARRYING SHIPS AND MINI-SHIPS......Page 821
REFERENCE......Page 822
Strategy of Archaeological Salvage......Page 823
CRITICISMS OF SALVAGE ARCHAEOLOGY......Page 824
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESERVOIR SALVAGE......Page 825
NUBIAN CAMPAIGN AS A CASE STUDY......Page 827
POLICY FOR THE FUTURE......Page 828
CRITICAL RESOURCE: ORGANIZATION......Page 831
REFERENCES......Page 832
ARTIFICIAL DESTRATIFICATION FOR WATER QUALITY CONTROL......Page 833
REFERENCES......Page 834
Estuarial Storage in the United Kingdom.. Morecambe Bay......Page 835
ENGINEERING STUDIES......Page 836
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT STUDI......Page 839
ENGINEERING-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT STUDIES......Page 841