Mammalian protein metabolism

Front Cover......Page 1
Mammalian Protein Metabolism......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 12
List of Contributors......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Preface to Volumes I and II......Page 10
Contents of Other Volumes......Page 16
Part VI: Regulation Mechanisms in Protein Metabolism......Page 20
I. Introduction......Page 22
II. Evolution of Regulatory Mechanisms......Page 23
III. Intracellular Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Mammals......Page 42
IV. Regulation of Protein Metabolism in the Whole Animal......Page 119
References......Page 127
I. Introduction......Page 150
II. Glucocorticoids......Page 152
III. Insulin and Glucagon......Page 169
IV. Somatotropic Hormone......Page 187
V. Summary and Prospectives......Page 189
References......Page 191
CHAPTER 32. REGULATION OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN MAMMALIAN TISSUES......Page 196
I. Introduction......Page 197
II. Methods for Measurements of Specific Protein Degradation......Page 199
III. Heterogeneity of Degradation of Specific Proteins......Page 214
IV. Significance of Degradation in Control of Specific Protein (Enzyme) Levels......Page 219
V. Mechanisms for the Control of Protein Degradation......Page 231
VI. On the Significance of Protein Degradation......Page 241
References......Page 242
I. Introduction......Page 248
II. Hormone Receptors......Page 251
III. Tissue Specificity in Hormone Response......Page 257
IV. General Considerations in Control of Protein Synthesis......Page 259
V. Effects of Hormones on Protein and RNA Metabolism......Page 273
VI. Discussion......Page 294
References......Page 300
I. Introduction......Page 318
II. The Free Amino Acid Pools of the Body......Page 319
III. Factors Affecting Free Amino Acid Concentrations......Page 334
IV. General Conclusions about the Role of Free Amino Acids in the Regulation of Protein Metabolism......Page 390
References......Page 394
CHAPTER 35. THE REGULATION OF INTERMEDIARY AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN ANIMAL TISSUES......Page 406
I. Introduction......Page 407
II. Gluconeogenesis and Amino Acid Catabolism......Page 408
III. The Glucose Effect and Amino Acid Regulation......Page 417
IV. Regulation of the Intermediary Metabolism of Specific Amino Acids and Groups of Amino Acids in Mammalian Tissues......Page 421
V. The Role of Tryptophan in the Regulation of Intermediary Amino Acid Metabolism......Page 443
VI. Regulation of Amino Acid Metabolism in Neoplasia......Page 447
VII. Concluding Remarks......Page 454
References......Page 455
I. Introduction......Page 464
II. Twenty-four Hour Rhythms in Hepatic Enzymes......Page 470
III. Twenty-four Hour Rhythms in Plasma Concentrations of Amino Acids......Page 486
References......Page 496
I. Introduction......Page 500
II. Role during Digestion of Exogenous Nitrogen......Page 503
III. Role of the Intestine during the Digestion of Endogenous Protein......Page 510
V. Role of the Intestinal Flora......Page 516
VI. Role of the Metabolic Activity of the Digestive Tract......Page 525
VII. Conclusion......Page 534
References......Page 535
I. Introduction......Page 542
II. Diurnal Patterns of Amino Acid Movements......Page 544
III. Interrelations of Urea and Protein Synthesis in the Liver with Regulation of Protein Metabolism in the Whole Organism......Page 573
References......Page 575
I. Introduction......Page 578
II. Control of Kidney Mass......Page 579
III. Kidney as a Proteolytic Organ......Page 583
IV. Nitrogen Excretion and Renal Metabolism......Page 588
V. Summary......Page 599
References......Page 600
CHAPTER 40. THE ROLE OF SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE IN THE REGULATION OF PROTEIN METABOLISM......Page 604
I. Introduction......Page 605
II. General Features of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle......Page 606
III. Changes in Skeletal Muscle during Growth and Development......Page 618
IV. Free Amino Acid Pools of Muscle......Page 624
V. Enzymes of Amino Acid Metabolism in Muscle......Page 631
VI. Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Muscle......Page 637
VII. Response of Muscle Protein Metabolism to Nutritional Change......Page 645
VIII. Hormones and Muscle Protein Metabolism......Page 652
IX. Effect of Exercise on Muscle Protein Metabolism......Page 662
X. Effect of Muscular Dystrophy and of Denervation on Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism......Page 664
XI. Protein Metabolism in Cardiac Muscle......Page 670
XII. Conclusion......Page 675
References......Page 676
Author Index......Page 694
Subject Index......Page 747