Male fertility and lipid metabolism

Male Fertility and Lipid Metabolism......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
Regulation of Spermatogenesis......Page 7
Male Infertility: A Multifactorial Disease......Page 8
Mechanisms of Sperm Deterioration......Page 9
The Value of Antioxidants, Nutritional Supplementation, and Antiestrogens in the Treatment of the Infertile Male......Page 12
References......Page 14
Introduction......Page 17
Elongation and Desaturation of 18-Carbon Unsaturated Fatty Acids......Page 18
Elongation and Desaturation of 20-Carbon Unsaturated Fatty Acids......Page 20
Metabolism of 22-Carbon Unsaturated Fatty Acids......Page 22
Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids......Page 23
Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism of PUFA in the Rat Testis......Page 24
Summary......Page 25
References......Page 26
Overview of Sperm Maturation......Page 29
The Human Paradigm: A Deficiency in Quality Control?......Page 30
Lipid Peroxidation......Page 31
The Cell-to-Cell Variability Theory and the Substrate Hypothesis......Page 32
Fatty Acid Composition of Sperm at Different Stages of Maturation: The in Vivo Model......Page 34
The in Vitro Model: Isolation of Sperm Subsets by Density Gradient Centrifugation......Page 36
Putting Things Together: DHA Up or Down?......Page 39
References......Page 41
Introduction......Page 47
DHA in the Human Ejaculate......Page 48
DHA Levels and Sperm Motility......Page 49
Effect of Supplementation with n-3 Fatty Acids on Sperm Motility......Page 50
Conclusions......Page 51
References......Page 53
Introduction......Page 55
Lipid Analysis......Page 58
Results......Page 59
Discussion......Page 61
References......Page 63
Fatty Acid Composition of the Spermatozoa......Page 66
Lipid Oxidation......Page 69
Effect on Female Reproductive Output......Page 72
Time to Change Dietary Lipids in Male BreederÌs Feed......Page 73
Spermatozoa Storage and Fatty Acid Composition......Page 74
Summary......Page 75
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 79
Reproductive Features of Domestic Birds......Page 80
Spermatozoon Fatty Acids in Domestic Birds......Page 81
Spermatozoa......Page 83
in Animals at the End of the Reproductive Period?......Page 85
Effects of Dietary PUFA on the Biological Function of Domestic Bird Spermatozoa......Page 87
Conclusion......Page 88
References......Page 89
Introduction......Page 92
Lipid Composition in Chicken Spermatozoa......Page 93
Lipid Composition, Semen Characteristics, and Fertility in the Chicken......Page 96
Conclusion......Page 97
References......Page 99
Importance of Lipids for the Structure and Function of Spermatozoa......Page 102
Docosahexaenoic Acid and Mammalian Sperm Function......Page 103
Provision of Docosahexaenoic Acid for Spermatogenesis......Page 105
The Distinctive Fatty Acid Composition of Avian Sperm......Page 107
Composition......Page 108
Effect of Dietary DHA on Sperm Number and Quality in the Boar......Page 112
Quality in the Chicken......Page 114
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids......Page 115
Discussion......Page 117
Summary......Page 118
References......Page 119
Lipids and Epididymal MaturationÛGeneral Remarks......Page 124
The Role of Neutral Sterols in Epididymal Function......Page 125
Result of Various Processes......Page 127
References......Page 129
Introduction......Page 131
Metabolism of SGG: Biosynthesis, Cellular Localization, SGG Binding Protein, and Degradation......Page 133
Functions of SGG in Spermatogenesis and Fertilization......Page 137
Biophysical Properties of SGG......Page 141
Acknowledgments......Page 146
References......Page 147
Introduction......Page 155
Experiment 2......Page 156
Oxytocinase Activity Assay......Page 157
Results......Page 158
Discussion......Page 159
References......Page 161
Introduction......Page 163
Cellular Origin of ROS in Human Semen......Page 164
ROS Production by Spermatozoa......Page 165
ROS Scavenging Strategies......Page 166
Repair......Page 167
Initiation Stage......Page 168
Sperm Nuclear DNA Damage......Page 169
Apoptosis......Page 170
Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage......Page 171
Failure of Fertilization......Page 172
Infertility......Page 173
Role of Abnormal Spermatozoa......Page 174
Measurement of ROS......Page 176
ROS-TAC Score: A New Development in the Field of OS......Page 177
Quality Control of OS Indices ROS and TAC......Page 178
ROS in Neat Raw Semen: An Accurate and Reliable Test for OS......Page 179
Strategies to Reduce Seminal OS......Page 181
References......Page 183
Abstract......Page 190
Physiological Role of Phospholipids in the Sperm Plasma Membrane......Page 191
Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Scavenger Systems and Sperm Lipoperoxidation......Page 194
Seminal Fluid and ROS Damage......Page 202
Scavenger Therapies......Page 203
GSH as a Therapy......Page 204
PUFA as Markers of Sperm Pathology: A Rationale for GHS Therapy......Page 207
Conclusions......Page 208
Introduction......Page 217
Mechanisms and Consequences of Lipid Peroxidation in Avian Semen......Page 218
Antioxidant Protection in Avian Semen......Page 223
Dismutase SOD......Page 225
Se and GSH-Px......Page 227
Second Level of Antioxidant DefenseÛVitamin E......Page 235
Ascorbic Acid......Page 238
Glutathione......Page 240
Metabolic Aspects of Antioxidant Defense......Page 241
Conclusions......Page 244
References......Page 245
Introduction......Page 256
Materials and Methods......Page 258
LPO Rate......Page 259
Total Phospholipid Content......Page 263
Glutathione Redox Ratio......Page 265
Sperm DNA Integrity......Page 266
Summary......Page 267
Acknowledgements......Page 268
References......Page 269