Making America - A History of the United States Volume One to 1877 Fifth Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Maps......Page 16
Features......Page 18
Preface......Page 20
A Note for the Students: Your Guide to Making America......Page 26
About the Authors......Page 32
A Note from the Author......Page 35
Individual Choices: Hienwatha......Page 36
Introduction......Page 37
American Origins......Page 38
Change and Restlessness in the Atlantic World......Page 42
The Complex World of Indian America......Page 44
A World of Change in Africa......Page 48
Exploiting Atlantic Opportunities......Page 50
The Portuguese, Africa, and Plantation Slavery......Page 51
The Continued Quest for Asian Trade......Page 52
The Challenges of Mutual Discovery......Page 53
A Meeting of Minds in America......Page 54
The Columbian Exchange......Page 55
New Worlds in Africa and America......Page 57
A New World in Europe......Page 58
Individual Voices: The Five Nations Adopt the Great Law......Page 60
Summary......Page 61
In the United States......Page 62
A Note from the Author......Page 63
Individual Choices: Bartolomé de Las Casas......Page 64
Spanish Expansion in America......Page 66
Dreams of an English Eden......Page 67
The Decline of Spanish Power......Page 69
The Troubled Spanish Colonial Empire......Page 70
The Dutch Enterprise......Page 72
The French Presence in America......Page 74
The Indian Frontier in New Spain......Page 76
The Indian World in the Northeast......Page 79
The New Indian World of the Plains......Page 81
Conquest and Accommodation in a Shared New World......Page 82
New Spain\'s Northern Frontiers......Page 83
Life in French Louisiana......Page 84
Individual Voices: Bartolomé de Las Casas Argues for the American Indians......Page 86
Summary......Page 87
In the United States......Page 88
A Note from the Author......Page 89
Individual Choices: Nathaniel Bacon......Page 90
It Matters Today: Grassroots Movements, Then and Now......Page 91
England\'s First Attempts at Colonization......Page 92
Turmoil and Tensions in England......Page 93
The Jamestown Colony......Page 94
Maryland: A Catholic Refuge......Page 97
Colonial Chesapeake Life......Page 98
New England: Colonies of Dissenters......Page 99
The Plymouth Colony......Page 100
Massachusetts Bay and Its Settlers......Page 101
Government in Puritan Massachusetts......Page 103
Indian Suppression......Page 105
Change and Reaction in England and New England......Page 106
The Pluralism of the Middle Colonies......Page 107
From New Netherland to New York......Page 108
William Penn\'s Holy Experiment......Page 109
The Colonies of the Lower South......Page 111
The Carolina Colony......Page 112
Georgia, the Last Colony......Page 113
Individual Voices: Nathaniel Bacon: Manifesto Concerning the Troubles in Virginia, 1676......Page 115
Summary......Page 117
In the United States......Page 118
A Note from the Author......Page 119
Individual Choices: Eliza Lucas Pinckney......Page 120
Regions of Commerce......Page 121
The Cords of Commercial Empire......Page 123
Planter Society and Slavery......Page 124
Slave Experience and Slave Culture......Page 126
The Urban Culture of the Middle Colonies......Page 127
Life in the Backcountry......Page 129
Slave Revolts, North and South......Page 130
Clashes Between the Rich and the Poor......Page 131
The Impact of the Enlightenment......Page 133
Religion and Religious Institutions......Page 134
Government and Politics in the Mainland Colonies......Page 135
Local Colonial Government......Page 136
North America and the Struggles for Empire......Page 138
An Age of Imperial Warfare......Page 140
The Great War for Empire......Page 141
The Outcomes of the Great War for Empire......Page 144
Individual Voices: Eliza Lucas Challenges Traditional Plantation Life......Page 145
Summary......Page 147
In the United States......Page 148
A Note from the Author......Page 149
Individual Choices: Charles Inglis......Page 150
Victory\'s New Problems......Page 151
Dealing with Indian and French Canadian Resistance......Page 152
Demanding More from the Colonists......Page 154
The Colonial Response......Page 155
The Stamp Act......Page 156
The Popular Response......Page 157
Political Debate......Page 158
Repeal of the Stamp Act......Page 159
Asserting American Rights......Page 160
The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest......Page 161
The British Humiliated......Page 163
Distributing the Peace of the Early 1770s......Page 164
The Tea Act and the Tea Party......Page 165
The Intolerable Acts......Page 166
Creating a National Forum: The First Continental Congress......Page 167
The Shot Heard \'Round the World......Page 169
The Second Continental Congress......Page 171
The Impact of Common Sense......Page 172
Declaring Independence......Page 173
Declaring Loyalties......Page 174
Individual Voices: Charles Inglis Calls for Reconciliation......Page 177
Summary......Page 179
In the United States......Page 180
A Note from the Author......Page 181
Individual Choices: Deborah Sampson......Page 182
Introduction......Page 183
The Battle for Boston......Page 184
The British Strategy in 1776......Page 185
Escape from New York......Page 186
Winter Quarters and Winter Victories......Page 187
Burgoyne\'s New York Campaign......Page 188
Winter Quarters in 1777......Page 190
The Long Road to Formal Recognition......Page 191
War and the American Public......Page 192
The War Stalls in the North......Page 193
The Second Carolinas Campaign......Page 195
Treason and Triumph......Page 197
Winning Diplomatic Independence......Page 198
The Protection of Fundamental Rights......Page 199
Legal Reforms......Page 200
Women in the New Republic......Page 201
The War\'s Impact on Slaves and Slavery......Page 203
The Fate of the Loyalists......Page 205
Individual Voices: Esther Deberdt Reed Glories in the Usefulness of Women......Page 206
Summary......Page 207
In the United States......Page 208
A Note from the Author......Page 209
Individual Choices: Mercy Otis Warren......Page 210
America\'s First Constitutions......Page 211
The Articles of Confederation......Page 213
Depression and Financial Crisis......Page 215
The Northwest Ordinances......Page 216
Diplomatic Problems......Page 217
A Farmers\' Revolt......Page 218
The Revolt of the \"Better Sort\"......Page 219
Creating a New Constitution......Page 220
Revise or Replace......Page 221
Drafting an Acceptable Document......Page 223
The Ratification Controversy......Page 224
The Federalist Victory......Page 226
President George Washington......Page 227
Unity\'s Achievements......Page 229
Hamilton and Jefferson\'s Differences......Page 230
Hamilton\'s Economic Plan......Page 231
Foreign Affairs and Deepening Divisions......Page 233
More Domestic Disturbances......Page 234
Jay\'s Treaty......Page 235
Individual Voices: Mercy Otis Warren Criticizes Boston Citizens......Page 238
Summary......Page 239
In the United States......Page 240
A Note from the Author......Page 241
Individual Choices: George Logan......Page 242
Conflict in the Adams Administration......Page 243
The Split Election of 1796......Page 244
XYZ: The Power of Patriotism......Page 245
The Home Front in the Quasi-War......Page 246
Settlement with France......Page 247
The Lesser of Republican Evils......Page 248
Federalist Defenses and a Loyal Opposition......Page 249
It Matters Today: Classical versus Liberal Republicanism......Page 251
Republicanism in Action......Page 252
Assault on Federalist Defenses......Page 253
Threats to Jefferson\'s Vision......Page 254
Pushing Westward......Page 256
The Heritage of Partisan Politics......Page 258
Westward Expansion and Social Stress......Page 259
The Religious Response to Social Change......Page 261
The Problem of Race in Jefferson\'s Republic......Page 263
Individual Voices: Congress Debates George Logan\'s Mission to France......Page 266
Summary......Page 267
In the United States......Page 268
A Note from the Author......Page 269
Individual Choices: Tecumseh......Page 270
Troubling Currents in Jefferson\'s America......Page 271
Emerging Factions in American Politics......Page 272
The Problem of American Neutrality......Page 273
Economic Warfare......Page 274
Crises in the Nation......Page 275
Economic Depression......Page 276
Political Upheaval......Page 277
Prophecy and Politics in the West......Page 278
Choosing War......Page 279
It Matters Today: The Battle of Tippecanoe......Page 280
The Fight Begins......Page 281
The War Continues......Page 283
New British Offensives......Page 285
The War\'s Strange Conclusion......Page 287
Peace and the Rise of New Expectations......Page 288
New Opportunities in the West......Page 289
A Revolution in the Southern Economy......Page 291
Reviving and Reinventing Slavery......Page 292
Individual Voices: Tecumseh Describes American Indian Policy Under William Henry Harrison......Page 295
In the Wider World......Page 297
In the United States......Page 298
A Note from the Author......Page 299
Individual Choices: John C. Calhoun......Page 300
An \"Era of Good Feelings\"......Page 301
The \"American System\" and New Economic Direction......Page 302
The Transportation Problem......Page 303
Legal Anchors for New Business Enterprise......Page 305
James Monroe and the Nationalist Agenda......Page 306
Dynamic Growth and Political Consequences......Page 308
The Panic of 1819......Page 309
Economic Woes and Political Sectionalism......Page 310
The Missouri Compromise......Page 311
New Politics and the End of Good Feelings......Page 312
The \"New Man\" in Politics......Page 313
Democratic Styles and Political Structure......Page 314
The Rise of \"King Andrew\"......Page 316
Launching Jacksonian Politics......Page 318
Jackson and the Bank......Page 319
Jackson and the West......Page 321
Jackson and the Indians......Page 322
The Nullification Crisis......Page 325
Individual Voices: John C. Calhoun Justifies the Principle and Practice of Nullification......Page 327
In the Wider World......Page 329
In the United States......Page 330
A Note from the Author......Page 331
Individual Choices: Helen Jewett......Page 332
A New Birth for the Plantation System......Page 333
Life Among Common Southern Whites......Page 335
Free Blacks in the South......Page 336
Living Conditions for Southerners\' Slaves......Page 337
The Manufacturing Empire in the Northeast......Page 339
The \"American System of Manufacturing\"......Page 340
New Workplaces and New Workers......Page 341
It Matters Today: Manufacturing and the Revolution in Time......Page 342
Life and Culture Among a New Middle Class......Page 345
Social Life for a Genteel Class......Page 347
Moving Westward......Page 349
Pioneer Life in the New Cotton Country......Page 352
Life Among Westering Yankees......Page 353
The Hispanic Southwest......Page 354
The Mormon Community......Page 355
Tying the West to the Nation......Page 356
Individual Voices: The Press \"Remembers\" Helen Jewett......Page 360
Summary......Page 361
In the United States......Page 362
A Note from the Author......Page 363
Individual Choices: Lydia Sigourney......Page 364
Romanticism and Genteel Culture......Page 365
Culture Among Workers and Slaves......Page 368
Radical Attempts to Regain Community......Page 371
A Second Great Awakening......Page 373
The Middle Class and Moral Reform......Page 375
Free and Slave Labor Protests......Page 379
The Whig Alternative to Jacksonian Democracy......Page 381
The New Political Coalition......Page 382
Van Buren in the White House......Page 383
The Log-Cabin and Hard-Cider Campaign of 1840......Page 384
Expansion to the North and West......Page 386
Revolution in Texas......Page 387
The Politics of Manifest Destiny......Page 389
Expansion and the Election of 1844......Page 390
The War with Mexico and Sectional Crisis......Page 391
Individual Voices: The American Tract Society: Moral Threat from Reading Fiction......Page 396
In the Wider World......Page 397
In the United States......Page 398
A Note from the Author......Page 399
Individual Choices: Frederick Douglass......Page 400
Politicizing Slavery: The Election of 1848......Page 401
Disaffected Voices and Political Dissent......Page 403
The Politics of Compromise......Page 404
A Changing Political Economy......Page 407
Political Instability and the Election of 1852......Page 409
Increasing Tension Under Pierce......Page 410
A Shattered Compromise......Page 412
Bleeding Kansas......Page 413
Bringing Slavery Home to the North......Page 414
Radical Responses to Abolitionism and Slavery......Page 416
The Dominance of Regionalism......Page 418
The Election of 1860......Page 419
The First Wave of Secession......Page 420
Responses to Disunion......Page 421
Lincoln, Sumter, and War......Page 424
Choosing Sides in Virginia......Page 425
Trouble in the Border States......Page 426
Individual Voices: Frederick Douglass: What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?......Page 428
Summary......Page 429
In the United States......Page 430
A Note from the Author......Page 431
Individual Choices: Susie King Taylor......Page 432
Union Policies and Objectives......Page 433
Confederate Policies and Objectives......Page 436
The Diplomatic Front......Page 437
The Union\'s First Attack......Page 438
The War in the West......Page 439
Struggle for the Mississippi......Page 440
Lee\'s Aggressive Defense of Virginia......Page 442
Lee\'s Invasion of Maryland......Page 443
Diplomacy and the Politics of Emancipation......Page 444
Instituting the Draft......Page 445
Wartime Economy in the North and South......Page 447
Women in the Two Nations at War......Page 448
Free Blacks, Slaves, and War......Page 449
Life and Death at the Front......Page 450
Lincoln\'s Generals and Southern Successes......Page 452
Grant, Sherman, and the Invention of Total War......Page 455
The Election of 1864 and Sherman\'s March to the Sea......Page 457
It Matters Today: The Gettysburg Address......Page 458
The End of Lee and Lincoln......Page 460
Individual Voice: Susie King Taylor......Page 463
Summary......Page 464
In the United States......Page 465
A Note from the Author......Page 467
Individual Choices: Andy Anderson......Page 468
Introduction......Page 469
Republican War Aims......Page 470
Lincoln\'s Approach to Reconstruction: \"With Malice Toward None\"......Page 471
Abolishing Slavery Forever: The Thirteenth Amendment......Page 472
Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction......Page 473
Freedom and the Legacy of Slavery......Page 474
Defining the Meaning of Freedom......Page 475
Creating Communities......Page 476
Land and Labor......Page 477
White Southerners: Confronting Change......Page 479
Challenging Presidential Reconstruction......Page 481
Defining Citizenship: The Fourteenth Amendment......Page 482
Radicals in Control......Page 483
Political Terrorism and the Election of 1868......Page 484
Voting Rights and Civil Rights......Page 485
Black Reconstruction......Page 486
The Republican Party in the South......Page 487
Creating an Educational System and Fighting Discrimination......Page 489
Railroad Development and Corruption......Page 490
The 1872 Presidential Election......Page 491
The Politics of Terror: The \"Mississippi Plan\"......Page 492
The Compromise of 1877......Page 493
After Reconstruction......Page 495
Individual Voices: A Freedman Offers His Former Master a Proposition......Page 496
Summary......Page 497
In the United States......Page 498
Suggested Readings......Page 500
Declaration of Independence......Page 510
Constitution of the United States of America and Amendments......Page 512
Presidential Elections......Page 521
Index......Page 526