Magnetospheric ULF Waves: Synthesis and New Directions

Magnetospheric ULF Waves: Synthesis and New Directions......Page 3
Copy Right......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 7
Introduction......Page 8
REFERENCE......Page 10
ULF Waves?A Historical Note......Page 11
REFERENCES......Page 15
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 17
2. CAVITY/WAVEGUIDE MODES......Page 19
3. WAVES ON THE MAGNETOPAUSE......Page 22
4. DRIVEN WAVES?......Page 26
5. MIRROR MODE WAVES......Page 31
REFERENCES......Page 35
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 37
2. GLOBAL FEATURES OF A SC REVEALED FROM A MHD SIMULATION......Page 40
3. RECENT OBSERVATIONAL FACTS AND COMPARISONS WITH SIMULATION RESULTS......Page 45
4. DISCUSSION......Page 52
5. CONCLUSION......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 55
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 57
2. FIELD LINE RESONANCES AND CAVITY MODES......Page 58
3. DAYSIDE/FLANK WAVEGUIDES......Page 60
4. WAVES IN THE MAGNETOTAIL WAVEGUIDE......Page 69
5. ALFVÉN WAVE ENERGY BUDGET......Page 74
6. SUMMARY......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 76
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 79
2. PLASMAPAUSE EFFECT ON COMPRESSIONL MODE......Page 80
3. IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS......Page 85
4. EFFECTS OF LONGITUDINAL ASYMMETRY ON FIELD LINE RESONANCE......Page 92
5. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY......Page 93
REFERENCES......Page 94
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 96
2. LINEAR TWO-FLUID MHD THEORY OFDISPERSIVE SCALE ALFVÉN WAVES......Page 98
3. NONLINEAR THEORY OF DISPERSIVESCALE ALFVÉN WAVES......Page 102
4. PARALLEL POTENTIAL DROPS AND KINETICMODELS OF DISPERSIVE SCALE ALFVÉN WAVES......Page 106
5. WAVE?PARTICLE INTERACTIONS INDISPERSIVE SCALE ALFVÉN WAVES......Page 108
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 112
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 114
2. MULTI-SATELLITE TIMINGANALYSIS TECHNIQUES......Page 117
3. WAVE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES......Page 121
4. CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF ULF WAVES......Page 125
5. CLUSTER?DOUBLE STAR:A PREVIEW FOR THEMIS......Page 136
REFERENCE......Page 138
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 141
3. Pc1-2 WAVES IN THE REGION OF THE DAYSIDEBOUNDARY LAYERS AND MAGNETOTAIL......Page 142
4. Pc3-4 WAVES IN THE REGION OF IONOSPHERICPROJECTIONS OF THE DAYSIDE BOUNDARYLAYERS AND POLAR CAP......Page 147
5. LONG-PERIOD WAVESPc5-6/Pi2-3 PULSATIONS......Page 152
6. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 158
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 161
2.2. Dispersion Relation......Page 162
2.3. Mode Solutions......Page 163
2.4. Stability Analysis......Page 166
3. WAVES IN A COLLISIONLESS PLASMA WITHGYROTROPIC THERMAL PRESSURE......Page 168
3.2. Perturbed Equations of State......Page 169
3.3. Dispersion Relation......Page 171
3.4. Mode Solutions......Page 172
3.5. Stability Analysis......Page 173
4. COMPARISONS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
APPENDIX A......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 179
1. THE RADIATION BELTS......Page 181
2. MAGNETOSPHERIC ULF VARIATIONS......Page 182
3. OBSERVATIONS: THE ULF/RADIATIONBELT CONNECTION......Page 183
4. ULF/PARTICLE INTERACTIONS:THEORY AND MODELING......Page 185
5. EMPIRICAL QUANTIFICATIONOF THE EFFECTS OF ULF WAVES......Page 189
6. QUANTIFYING DIFFUSION:MODELING EFFORTS......Page 190
7. DOES RADIAL DIFFUSION ACTAS A SOURCE OR LOSS?......Page 193
8. SUMMARY AND OPEN QUESTIONS......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 198
2. ION CYCLOTRON WAVE PROPAGATION......Page 201
3. HEAVY IONS AND PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS......Page 205
4. EMIC WAVES AND RING CURRENT LOSS......Page 207
5. OUTSTANDING ISSUES......Page 210
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 212
REFERENCES......Page 213
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 216
2. EMIC WAVE EXCITATION MECHANISMS......Page 218
3. EMIC PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS......Page 221
4. RESONANT INTERACTION WITH IONS......Page 222
5. RESONANT INTERACTION WITH ELECTRONS......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 224
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 227
2. PROMINENT ELECTRON ACCELERATIONMECHANISMS AND THEIR THEORETICALPREDICTIONS......Page 230
3. METHODS FOR OBTAINING PSD ESTIMATESAND ASSOCIATED ERRORS......Page 232
4. COMPARISONS BETWEEN PSD GRADIENTSAND THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS......Page 234
5. SUMMARY AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES......Page 237
REFERENCES......Page 238
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 240
2. ELECTRON ACCELERATION ALONGA MODEL GEOMAGNETIC FIELD-LINE......Page 242
3. OBSERVATIONS......Page 248
4. CONCLUSION......Page 255
REFERENCES......Page 256
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 259
2. PASSIVE RADAR TECHNIQUESAND OBSERVATIONS......Page 260
3. EXAMPLE OF A PC5 FLR EVENT OBSERVEDWITH SUPERDARN......Page 263
4. DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL SOURCES OFDISCRETE FLRS OBSERVED WITH SUPERDARN......Page 267
REFERENCES......Page 269
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 272
2. THE ARTIFICIAL BACKSCATTER TECHNIQUE......Page 273
3. ULF WAVE FIELDS......Page 275
4. IONOSPHERIC ATTENUATION OF ULF WAVES......Page 282
5. ARTIFICIAL BACKSCATTER FROM DIFFERENTLATITUDE REGIMES......Page 283
6. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROGRESS......Page 284
REFERENCES......Page 286
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 288
2. THEORY OF THE IONOSPHERICALFVÉN RESONATOR......Page 290
3. THEORY OF THE IONOSPHERIC WAVEGUIDE......Page 292
4. HALL CURRENTS AND THE INDUCTIVEIONOSPHERE......Page 294
5. ATMOSPHERIC WAVEGUIDE MODES......Page 297
6. COUPLED SOLUTIONS FOR THE WAVE MODES......Page 298
APPENDIX: STEPWISE CONSTANTALFVÉN SPEED PROFILE......Page 302
REFERENCES......Page 303
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 306
2. DETERMINING THE MASS DENSITY FROMALFVÉN WAVE FREQUENCIES......Page 307
3. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONOF MASS DENSITY......Page 309
4. FIELD LINE DEPENDENCE OF MASS DENSITY......Page 311
5. AVERAGE ION MASS......Page 313
6. SUMMARY......Page 314
REFERENCES......Page 315
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 317
2. DETECTING FLRS USING GROUND-BASEDINSTRUMENTATION......Page 319
3. THE FLR WAVE EQUATION......Page 325
4. COMPARISON WITH SATELLITEMEASUREMENTS......Page 327
5. COMPARISON WITH VLF MEASUREMENTS......Page 329
6. PLASMA MASS DENSITY ESTIMATESFROM FLR HARMONICS......Page 330
7. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROGRESS......Page 331
APPENDIX......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 336
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 339
2. ULF WAVES AT MERCURY......Page 340
3. ULF WAVES AT VENUS AND MARS......Page 343
4. ULF WAVES AT JUPITER......Page 349
5. ULF WAVES AT SATURN......Page 352
7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 353
REFERENCES......Page 355