Machine Learning in Medicine - a Complete Overview

Front Matter....Pages i-xxiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Hierarchical Clustering and K-Means Clustering to Identify Subgroups in Surveys (50 Patients)....Pages 3-8
Density-Based Clustering to Identify Outlier Groups in Otherwise Homogeneous Data (50 Patients)....Pages 9-11
Two Step Clustering to Identify Subgroups and Predict Subgroup Memberships in Individual Future Patients (120 Patients)....Pages 13-15
Nearest Neighbors for Classifying New Medicines (2 New and 25 Old Opioids)....Pages 17-24
Predicting High-Risk-Bin Memberships (1,445 Families)....Pages 25-29
Predicting Outlier Memberships (2,000 Patients)....Pages 31-34
Data Mining for Visualization of Health Processes (150 Patients)....Pages 35-46
Trained Decision Trees for a More Meaningful Accuracy (150 Patients)....Pages 47-52
Typology of Medical Data (51 Patients)....Pages 53-60
Predictions from Nominal Clinical Data (450 Patients)....Pages 61-65
Predictions from Ordinal Clinical Data (450 Patients)....Pages 67-70
Assessing Relative Health Risks (3,000 Subjects)....Pages 71-75
Measuring Agreement (30 Patients)....Pages 77-79
Column Proportions for Testing Differences Between Outcome Scores (450 Patients)....Pages 81-85
Pivoting Trays and Tables for Improved Analysis of Multidimensional Data (450 Patients)....Pages 87-94
Online Analytical Procedure Cubes, a More Rapid Approach to Analyzing Frequencies (450 Patients)....Pages 95-99
Restructure Data Wizard for Data Classified the Wrong Way (20 Patients)....Pages 101-104
Control Charts for Quality Control of Medicines (164 Tablet Desintegration Times)....Pages 105-110
Front Matter....Pages 111-111
Linear, Logistic, and Cox Regression for Outcome Prediction with Unpaired Data (20, 55, and 60 Patients)....Pages 113-121
Generalized Linear Models for Outcome Prediction with Paired Data (100 Patients and 139 Physicians)....Pages 123-129
Front Matter....Pages 111-111
Generalized Linear Models Event-Rates (50 Patients)....Pages 131-135
Factor Analysis and Partial Least Squares (PLS) for Complex-Data Reduction (250 Patients)....Pages 137-142
Optimal Scaling of High-Sensitivity Analysis of Health Predictors (250 Patients)....Pages 143-148
Discriminant Analysis for Making a Diagnosis from Multiple Outcomes (45 Patients)....Pages 149-153
Weighted Least Squares for Adjusting Efficacy Data with Inconsistent Spread (78 Patients)....Pages 155-158
Partial Correlations for Removing Interaction Effects from Efficacy Data (64 Patients)....Pages 159-163
Canonical Regression for Overall Statistics of Multivariate Data (250 Patients)....Pages 165-169
Multinomial Regression for Outcome Categories (55 Patients)....Pages 171-174
Various Methods for Analyzing Predictor Categories (60 and 30 Patients)....Pages 175-182
Random Intercept Models for Both Outcome and Predictor Categories (55 patients)....Pages 183-187
Automatic Regression for Maximizing Linear Relationships (55 patients)....Pages 189-194
Simulation Models for Varying Predictors (9,000 Patients)....Pages 195-201
Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Outcome Prediction from Mixed Data (20 Patients)....Pages 203-206
Two-Stage Least Squares (35 Patients)....Pages 207-210
Autoregressive Models for Longitudinal Data (120 Mean Monthly Population Records)....Pages 211-217
Variance Components for Assessing the Magnitude of Random Effects (40 Patients)....Pages 219-222
Ordinal Scaling for Clinical Scores with Inconsistent Intervals (900 Patients)....Pages 223-227
Loglinear Models for Assessing Incident Rates with Varying Incident Risks (12 Populations)....Pages 229-232
Loglinear Modeling for Outcome Categories (445 Patients)....Pages 233-239
Heterogeneity in Clinical Research: Mechanisms Responsible (20 Studies)....Pages 241-244
Front Matter....Pages 111-111
Performance Evaluation of Novel Diagnostic Tests (650 and 588 Patients)....Pages 245-251
Quantile-Quantile Plots, a Good Start for Looking at Your Medical Data (50 Cholesterol Measurements and 58 Patients)....Pages 253-259
Rate Analysis of Medical Data Better than Risk Analysis (52 Patients)....Pages 261-264
Trend Tests Will Be Statistically Significant if Traditional Tests Are Not (30 and 106 Patients)....Pages 265-269
Doubly Multivariate Analysis of Variance for Multiple Observations from Multiple Outcome Variables (16 Patients)....Pages 271-277
Probit Models for Estimating Effective Pharmacological Treatment Dosages (14 Tests)....Pages 279-287
Interval Censored Data Analysis for Assessing Mean Time to Cancer Relapse (51 Patients)....Pages 289-293
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SPSS Analysis of Moment Structures (Amos) for Cause Effect Relationships I (35 Patients)....Pages 295-300
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SPSS Analysis of Moment Structures (Amos) for Cause Effect Relationships in Pharmacodynamic Studies II (35 Patients)....Pages 301-306
Front Matter....Pages 307-307
Neural Networks for Assessing Relationships That Are Typically Nonlinear (90 Patients)....Pages 309-312
Complex Samples Methodologies for Unbiased Sampling (9,678 Persons)....Pages 313-319
Correspondence Analysis for Identifying the Best of Multiple Treatments in Multiple Groups (217 Patients)....Pages 321-325
Decision Trees for Decision Analysis (1,004 and 953 Patients)....Pages 327-334
Multidimensional Scaling for Visualizing Experienced Drug Efficacies (14 Pain-Killers and 42 Patients)....Pages 335-344
Stochastic Processes for Long Term Predictions from Short Term Observations....Pages 345-351
Optimal Binning for Finding High Risk Cut-offs (1,445 Families)....Pages 353-357
Conjoint Analysis for Determining the Most Appreciated Properties of Medicines to Be Developed (15 Physicians)....Pages 359-364
Item Response Modeling for Analyzing Quality of Life with Better Precision (1,000 Patients)....Pages 365-369
Survival Studies with Varying Risks of Dying (50 and 60 Patients)....Pages 371-375
Fuzzy Logic for Improved Precision of Dose-Response Data (8 Induction Dosages)....Pages 377-381
Front Matter....Pages 307-307
Automatic Data Mining for the Best Treatment of a Disease (90 Patients)....Pages 383-390
Pareto Charts for Identifying the Main Factors of Multifactorial Outcomes (2,000 Admissions to Hospital)....Pages 391-396
Radial Basis Neural Networks for Multidimensional Gaussian Data (90 Persons)....Pages 397-400
Automatic Modeling of Drug Efficacy Prediction (250 Patients)....Pages 401-408
Automatic Modeling for Clinical Event Prediction (200 Patients)....Pages 409-416
Automatic Newton Modeling in Clinical Pharmacology (15 Alfentanil Dosages, 15 Quinidine Time-Concentration Relationships)....Pages 417-422
Spectral Plots for High Sensitivity Assessment of Periodicity (6 Years’ Monthly C Reactive Protein Levels)....Pages 423-428
Runs Test for Identifying Best Regression Models (21 Estimates of Quantity and Quality of Patient Care)....Pages 429-433
Evolutionary Operations for Process Improvement (8 Operation Room Air Condition Settings)....Pages 435-438
Bayesian Networks for Cause Effect Modeling (600 Patients)....Pages 439-444
Support Vector Machines for Imperfect Nonlinear Data (200 Patients with Sepsis)....Pages 445-449
Multiple Response Sets for Visualizing Clinical Data Trends (811 Patient Visits)....Pages 451-457
Protein and DNA Sequence Mining....Pages 459-464
Iteration Methods for Crossvalidations (150 Patients with Pneumonia)....Pages 465-469
Testing Parallel-Groups with Different Sample Sizes and Variances (5 Parallel-Group Studies)....Pages 471-473
Association Rules Between Exposure and Outcome (50 and 60 Patients)....Pages 475-479
Confidence Intervals for Proportions and Differences in Proportions (100 and 75 Patients)....Pages 481-484
Ratio Statistics for Efficacy Analysis of New Drugs (50 Patients)....Pages 485-489
Fifth Order Polynomes of Circadian Rhythms (1 Patient with Hypertension)....Pages 491-496
Gamma Distribution for Estimating the Predictors of Medical Outcome Scores (110 Patients)....Pages 497-503
Back Matter....Pages 505-516