Machine Learning, Advances in Computing, Renewable Energy and Communication: Proceedings of MARC 2020

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Control Plane Systems Tracing and Debugging—Existing Problems and Proposed Solution
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Intent-Driven Actuation
		1.2 Coalescing Effects
		1.3 Control Plane Systems
		1.4 Hierarchical Control Plane Systems
		1.5 Build Systems in Control Plane Systems
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Related Work
		3.1 Distributed Systems Tracing
		3.2 Monitoring and Logging
		3.3 Provenance Tracking
		3.4 Build Systems
	4 Solution Outline
		4.1 Provenance-Enhanced Distributed Systems Tracing Model
		4.2 Architecture
	5 Conclusions
	References
Distribution Expansion Planning in a Deregulated Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Power Markets and Structure
		2.1 Conventional Power Market
		2.2 Modern Deregulated Power Market
		2.3 Deregulation Process
		2.4 Various Market Models
	3 Distributed Generation and Expansion Planning
		3.1 Distributed Generation
		3.2 Distribution System Expansion with DG
		3.3 Methods and Techniques for Distribution Expansion Planning with DG
		3.4 Major Advantages of DGs Integration with Expansion Planning
	4 Distributed System Expansion Planning with DG Under Deregulated Market
		4.1 Impacts of Deregulation in DG Expansion Planning
		4.2 Best Practices in DG Expansion Planning Under Deregulated Market
	5 Recommendations
	6 Conclusions
	References
Density-Based Remote Override Traffic Control System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Long Traffic Queues
		1.2 Poor Traffic Management
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology and System Design
		3.1 Design of Density-Based Traffic Light Control System
		3.2 Choice of Microcontroller and Peripherals
		3.3 Choice of Traffic Light Indicators
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Arrangement and Implementation of Infrared Sensors
		4.2 System Testing
		4.3 Algorithm
	5 Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Reactive Power Pricing Framework in Maharashtra
	1 Introduction
	2 Impact of RE Penetration on the Grid
	3 Grid Stability
	4 Need for Reactive Power Management
	5 Reactive Power Compensation Methods
		5.1 Synchronous Condenser
		5.2 Induction Generator
		5.3 Reactive Power Capability of Generators
		5.4 OLTC Transformer
		5.5 STATCOM
		5.6 Static VAR Compensators (SVC)
		5.7 Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR)
	6 Reactive Power Practices in India
	7 Energy Accounting: Overview and Importance
		7.1 Active Energy Accounting
		7.2 Reactive Energy Accounting
	8 Regulatory Framework for Reactive Power Management in India
	9 Issues of Reactive Power Management in India
		9.1 PPA and Reactive Power Charges
		9.2 Lack of Incentives
		9.3 Absence of Reactive Energy Accounting Framework
	10 Suggested Reactive Power Pricing Framework for Maharashtra
		10.1 Methodology for Accounting and Settlement
		10.2 Accounting and Settlement of Reactive Energy
		10.3 Settlement Procedure
	11 Conclusion
	12 Way Forward
	References
Design Optimization of Solar Thermal Energy Storage Tank: Using the Stratification Coefficient
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methods of Thermal Storage
		1.2 Sensible Heat of Storage
		1.3 Latent Heat of Storage
	2 Methodology
	3 Mass Flow Rate of Air (Heat Transfer Fluid)
	4 Results and Discussion
	References
Investigation of Hydro Energy Potential and Its Challenges in Himalayan State: Uttarakhand
	1 Introduction
	2 Development of Hydropower Resources in Uttarakhand
	3 Challenges in Development of HPPs in Uttarakhand
	4 Strength and Opportunities of HPPs
	5 Flaws of HPPs
	6 Conclusions
	References
Big Data Preprocessing Phase in Engendering Quality Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristics of Big Data
	3 Big Data Analysis Process
		3.1 Data Acquisition
		3.2 Data Storage
		3.3 Data Management
		3.4 Data Analytics
		3.5 Data Visualization
	4 Big Data Analytics Techniques
	5 Survey and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of Sliding Mode Control for Underactuated Systems Based on Decoupling Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Controller Design
	4 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Fuzzy Logic-Based Range-Free Localization in WSN
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Proposed Localization Algorithm
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Algorithms in Medical Image Processing
	1 Introduction
	2 Applications of Medical Imaging
		2.1 Computed Tomography (CT)
		2.2 Ultrasound Imaging
		2.3 Nuclear Medicine
		2.4 X-Ray Imaging
		2.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
	3 Steps in Medical Image Processing
	4 Algorithms in Medical Image Processing
		4.1 Feature Extraction
		4.2 SLIC Algorithm
		4.3 Edge Detection
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Technoeconomic Feasibility and Sensitivity Analysis of Off-Grid Hybrid Energy System
	1 Introduction
	2 Input Parameters and Resource Variables
	3 Economic Modeling
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of the Impact of AC Faults and DC Faults on the HVDC Transmission Line
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Component of HVDC System
	3 Modeling of HVDC
	4 DC Voltage Control
	5 Faults in the HVDC System
		5.1 Direct Current Line Fault
		5.2 AC Faults
	6 Simulation Result
		6.1 DC Faults
		6.2 AC Faults
		6.3 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Improving QoS of Cloudlet Scheduling via Effective Particle Swarm Model
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Problem Formulation
	2 Background Study and Related Works
		2.1 CloudSim Toolkit
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Resource Utilization Comparison
		4.2 Comparison of Resource Availability
		4.3 Comparison of Service-Level Agreement
		4.4 Comparison of Standard Deviation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of HHO Optimized Model Predictive Controller for AVR System and Its Comparison with Conventional Controllers
	1 Introduction
	2 System Under Consideration
		2.1 Amplifier
		2.2 Exciter
		2.3 Generator
		2.4 Sensor
	3 Model Predictive Controller
	4 Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Basic Performance Analysis
		5.2 Robustness Analysis Under Parameter Variation Case
		5.3 Robustness Analysis Under External Disturbance Case
	6 Conclusion
	References
Squared Error Autocorrelation-Based VSS-LMS Control Algorithm for Grid-Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Design
	3 Control Algorithm
		3.1 Least Mean Square
		3.2 Variable Step Size LMS Using Squared Error Autocorrelation
		3.3 PWM Current Controller
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Optimal Power Flow and Its Vindication in Deregulated Power Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Thermal Generating Units Cost Model
		2.2 Emission and Carbon Tax
		2.3 Optimization Objectives
	3 PSO Algorithm
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Case 1
		4.2 Case 2
	5 Conclusion
	References
Distribution Automation and Energy Management System in Smart Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Smart Grid
		2.1 Definition
		2.2 Comparing Conventional Grid System and Smart Grid System [2, 11]
		2.3 Challenges
	3 Distribution Automation
		3.1 Benefits of Distribution Automation
		3.2 Distribution Automation Field Devices
		3.3 Case Study of Jinan Grid
	4 Energy Management System
		4.1 Definition
		4.2 Need of Energy Management System
		4.3 Types of Energy Management
		4.4 Tools and Techniques Used for Energy Management in Smart Grid
		4.5 Benefits of Energy Management in Smart Grid [16, 19]
		4.6 Electricity Tariff System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Planning of Green Hybrid Microgrid in Power Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Input Parameters
		2.1 Resources
		2.2 System Components
		2.3 Generation Modelling
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Open Access Same-Time Information System (OASIS) of New York
	1 Introduction
	2 New York Independent System Operator (NYISO)
		2.1 NYISO Work
	3 Auction and Load Bidding
		3.1 Auction
		3.2 Load Bidding
		3.3 Interface Data
	4 Results
		4.1 Day-Ahead Market Zone LBMP
		4.2 Real-Time Market Zonal LBMP
		4.3 ATC and TTC
		4.4 Load Bidding of Different Zones
		4.5 Interface Data Window of PJM and Hydro-Quebec
	5 Conclusion
	References
Open-Access Same-Time Information System: Extended to Indian Power Market
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical Review
	3 OASIS: An Open Platform
	4 Prototype Website
	5 Proposed Strategies
	6 Future Scope in the Indian Power Market
	References
Enhancing Security Using Quantum Computing (ESUQC)
	1 Introduction
	2 AIMS and Objectives
	3 Literature Review
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Grover’s Algorithm
		4.2 Shor’s Algorithm
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deviation Settlement Mechanism and Its Implementation in Indian Electricity Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept of Grid
	3 Indian Electricity Grid Structure
	4 Deviation Settlement Charges (DSC)
	5 Conclusion
	References
Integration of Battery Charging and Swapping Using Metaheuristics: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Forecasting on the Arrivals of EVs
	3 Metaheuristics
	4 Battery Swapping Van (BSV)
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Study of iOS Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Frameworks and Libraries for Cotton Plant Disease Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Cotton Leaf Diseases
		3.1 Bacterial Blight
		3.2 Fungal Leaf Spots
		3.3 Grey Mildew
		3.4 Boll Rot
		3.5 Root Rot
		3.6 Leaf Curl
		3.7 Leaf Reddening
	4 Methodology—Usage of Libraries
		4.1 CoreML
		4.2 Swift for TensorFlow
	5 Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Loss Functions on Language Models in Question Answering-Based Generative Chat-Bots
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Loss Functions
		1.2 Types of Loss Functions
	2 Classification Loss
	3 Result of Loss Function with Reference to Language Models
	4 Conclusion
	References
Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Synchronous Reference Frame Theory Connected to SPV for Power Quality Enrichment
	1 Introduction
	2 The Proposed System
	3 Mathematical Formulation of PV System
		3.1 Modeling of Boost Converter
		3.2 Modeling of Grid Connected Inductors
		3.3 DC-Link Capacitor Design
	4 The Synchronous Reference Frame Theory
	5 ANN Controllers for DC Bus Voltage Maintenance
	6 Simulation Results
	7 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Modeling and Implementation of Statechart for MPPT Control of Photovoltaic System in FPGA
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of FPGA—Deployable Statechart for MPPT Control
	3 Simulation of MPPT Statechart Controller for Target FPGA
		3.1 Development of FPGA Program and Host Program for MPPT Statechart Controller Verification
		3.2 Results Obtained from Simulation of FPGA Statechart Controller
	4 Implementation of Statechart Controller in FPGA Target
		4.1 Specifications for Implementation of MPPT Statechart Controller in myRIO-FPGA
		4.2 Results from Implementation of MPPT Statechart Controller
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Economic Viability of Battery Storage: Revenue from Arbitrage Opportunity in Indian Electricity Exchange (IEX) and NYISO
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Battery Storage Model for Energy Arbitrage
		2.2 Battery Storage Model for Energy Arbitrage and Frequency Regulation
		2.3 Optimization Model for Revenue from Energy Arbitrage
		2.4 Optimization Model for Revenue from Both Arbitrage and Regulation
		2.5 Electricity Price Data
		2.6 Estimating Dispatch to Contract Ratio
		2.7 Battery Storage Parameter
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Technique to Detect Fake News Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Algorithm
	5 Evaluation Metrics for Accessing the Performance
	6 Experimental Result
	7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Efficiency Improvement for Regenerative Braking System for a Vehicular Model Using Supercapacitor
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling
		2.1 Drive Controller
		2.2 H-Bridge
		2.3 Battery
		2.4 Supercapacitor
	3 Electric Vehicle Dynamics
		3.1 Vehicle Body
		3.2 H-Bridge
		3.3 PWM Controller H-Bridge
		3.4 DC Motor
		3.5 Longitudinal Driver
		3.6 Battery
		3.7 Supercapacitor
	4 Methodology Proposed
		4.1 Drive Cycle
		4.2 Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) Drive Cycle
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Scope
	References
Formulation of C++ program for Quine–McCluskey Method of Boolean Function Minimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Developing the C++ Language Program for Q-M Method
	3 Difficulties and Solutions
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Survey of Security Issues in Cyber-Physical Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation for Security in IoT
		2.1 Need for Security in IoT
		2.2 IoT Malware Attacks Skyrocket in 2018, Continuing to 2019
		2.3 The Role of IoT
	3 Current Challenges IoT
	4 Attack Types on the IoT System
	5 IoT Security
		5.1 Information Security (IS) and Privacy Threats
		5.2 IoT Security Vulnerabilities
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Detailed Analysis of Adaptive Kernel Density-Based Outlier Detection in Volatile Time Series
	1 Introduction
	2 Adaptive Kernel Density-Based Outlier Detection Approach
	3 Result Analysis
		3.1 Datasets
		3.2 Indices for Performance Evaluation
		3.3 Application to Clean Data
		3.4 Application to Raw Data
		3.5 Impact of Crucial Parameter Values on AKD-Based Approach’ Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Vehicle Health Monitoring System Using IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System and Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Functional Pattern
		3.2 Construction of Vehicle Health Monitoring System
	4 Observation
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Work
	References
Analyzing the Attacks on Blockchain Technologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure and Overview of Blockchain Technology
		2.1 Consensus
		2.2 Block Structure
		2.3 Key Cryptography
	3 Blockchain Generations
		3.1 First Generation of Blockchain System
		3.2 Second Generation of Blockchain System
		3.3 Third Generation of Blockchain System
	4 Risks and Vulnerability
		4.1 Key Vulnerability
		4.2 Identity Vulnerability
		4.3 Manipulation Vulnerability
		4.4 Application-Level Vulnerability
		4.5 System Vulnerability
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Classifiers Based on Spam Data in Twitter Sentiments
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Classifiers
		3.1 Bayesian Network Classifier
		3.2 Logistic Regression
		3.3 Simple Logistic
		3.4 Smo
		3.5 J48
		3.6 Random Forest
	4 Attribute Analysis
	5 Experimentation and Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Hybrid Solar Wind Charger
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of the Proposed System
	3 Implementation of Hybrid Solar Wind Charger
	4 Conclusion
	References
Determinants of Artificial Intelligence Systems and Its Impact on the Performance of Accounting Firms
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
	3 Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Sample Description
		4.2 Measurement Tools and Techniques
	5 Analysis of Data
		5.1 EFA Results of EFA
		5.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Results of Model 1
		5.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Results of Model 2
		5.4 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Results of Model 2
	6 Discussion and Conclusion
	7 Scope and Implications of the Study
	8 Limitations of the Study and Future Scope
	References
Design of a Controller for the Microgrid to Enhance Stability and Synchronization Capability
	1 Introduction
	2 System Structure and Dynamic Modeling
	3 Control Methodology
	4 Responses and Discussions
		4.1 Microgrid System Response in Presence of Initial Condition
		4.2 Microgrid System Responses in the Presence of Deviation in ΔTm
	5 Conclusion
	References
Power Loss Reduction in Distribution System Using Wind Power as DG
	1 Introduction (Distribution System)
	2 Calculation of Losses in Distribution System Using Wing (DG)
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Cause Analysis of Students’ Dropout Rate Using PSPP
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Related Work
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Preparation
		3.3 Data Analysis Techniques
		3.4 Scale Items
		3.5 Frequency Analysis
	4 Hypotheses and Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Correlation-Based Short-Term Electric Demand Forecasting Using ANFIS Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Analysis and Influencing Factors for Inputs Selection
		2.1 Data Analysis
		2.2 Influencing Factors and Correlated Inputs
	3 Modeling of ANFIS
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Recent Trends of Fake News Detection: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Various Approaches to Detect Fake News
		2.1 Propagation-Based Fake News Detection
		2.2 Content-Based Detection
		2.3 Explainable Artificial Intelligence
		2.4 Recent Approaches for Fake News Detection
	3 Datasets
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
An Unaccustomed AdaBoost Approach to Dig Out the Magnitude of Trash
	1 Introduction
	2 Datasets
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Predicting Online Game-Addicted Behaviour with Sentiment Analysis Using Twitter Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Studies
	3 Methodology and Results
		3.1 Sentiment Analysis Approaches
		3.2 Collecting Data
		3.3 Data Cleaning
		3.4 POS Tagging and Sentiment Labelling
		3.5 Removal of Stop Words
		3.6 Lemmatizing and Stemming
		3.7 Splitting the Data
		3.8 Vectorizing Text of Tweets
		3.9 N-grams
		3.10 Machine Learning Classifiers Implementation
		3.11 Gensim Model Implementation
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Exploring the Strengths of Neural Codes for Video Retrieval
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 CNN Architecture
		2.2 Feature Extraction
	3 Experimental Settings
		3.1 Dataset and Setting
		3.2 Implementation
	4 Results
		4.1 Effectiveness of Different Layer’s Features
		4.2 Influence of Fusion of Multiple layer’s Features
		4.3 Effectiveness of Fusion of Different Network Features
	5 Conclusion
	References
Security Issues and Application of Blockchain
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Blockchain Technology
	3 Security Issues in Blockchain Technology
	4 Application of Blockchain Technology
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comprehensive Study on Heterojunction Solar Cell
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
	3 Case Study
	4 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
A New Non-isolated High Gain DC–DC Converter for Microgrid Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Converter Steady-State Analysis in CCM
		2.1 Circuit Details
		2.2 Modes of Operation
		2.3 Voltage Gain (M) Calculation
		2.4 Stress Calculations of Power Devices
	3 Design Parameters
	4 Comparison Among Other High Gain Converters
	5 Simulation Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Investigation into the Correlation of SFRA Numerical Indices and Short Circuit Reactance Measurements of Transformers
	1 Introduction
	2 SFRA and Evaluation by Numerical Indices
	3 Short Circuit Testing of Transformers—SFRA and Short Circuit Reactance Measurements
	4 Methodology and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mineral Oil-Filled Transformer DGA from Detective Correction to Strategic Prevention
	1 Introduction
	2 Offline DGA and Its Practical Approach
		2.1 Case Study
	3 Strategic Prevention Mode
		3.1 Online DGA
		3.2 Correlating Online DGA Results to Transformer Load
		3.3 Development of DGA Using an Expert System
	4 Review of Case Study: Mineral Oil-Filled Unit
	5 Conclusion
	References
Calculation of Health Index for Power Transformer Solid Insulation Using Fuzzy Logic
	1 Introduction
	2 Fuzzy Logic Approach
		2.1 Initialisation of Membership Functions and Fuzzification
		2.2 Gauss2-Shaped Membership Function
		2.3 Fuzzy Inference
		2.4 Defuzzification
	3 Furan Analysis
	4 Paper Health Index of Transformer Based on Proposed Fuzzy Logic Method
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Millimeter-Wave Wideband Koch Fractal Antennas
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Modeling
		2.1 Basic Antenna Iterations
		2.2 Proposed Antenna
	3 Results
		3.1 Return Loss
		3.2 Gain
		3.3 Current Distribution
		3.4 Radiation Pattern
	4 Conclusion
	References
MB-ZZLBP: Multiscale Block ZigZag Local Binary Pattern for Face Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Multiscale Block ZigZag Local Binary Pattern (MB-ZZLBP)
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Description of Databases
		3.2 Technical Details of the Descriptor
		3.3 Accuracy Observed on Subsets
		3.4 Results Comparison
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Critical Review on Secure Authentication in Wireless Network
	1 Introduction
	2 IEEE 802.1X Framework
	3 A Comparative Study
		3.1 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
		3.2 Vulnerabilities of IEEE802.11i Standard
		3.3 Flaws in WPA
		3.4 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
		3.5 Working of WEP
		3.6 Flaws in WEP
		3.7 Enhancements Over WEP
	4 Conclusions
	References
Secure Authentication in WLAN Using Modified Four-Way Handshake Protocol
	1 Introduction
	2 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
	3 Proposed Methodology (Modified Four-Way Handshake)
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Teaching Bot to Play Thousand Schnapsen
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Game Rules and Characteristics
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR)
	3 Applying Selected Approaches to the Game Playing
		3.1 Reasoning
		3.2 Payoff Function
		3.3 Implementing CFR
		3.4 Deep CFR
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 CFR Results
		4.2 Deep CFR Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index