Machine drawing : includes AutoCAD

Cover
Contents
PART A DRAWING FUNDAMENTALS
	1. Introduction to Drawing
		1.1 What is a Drawing?
		1.2 Uses of Drawings
		1.3 Elements of Graphics
		1.4 Methods of Expression
		1.5 Methods of Size Description
		1.6 Methods of Preparing Drawings
		1.7 Types of Mechanical Drawings
		1.8 Drawing Standards
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
	2. Computer Aided Drafting
		2.1 Introduction to Computer Aided Drafting
		2.2 Advantages of Computer Aided Drafting
		2.3 Starting the AutoCAD Program
		2.4 AutoCAD Opening Screen
		2.5 AutoCAD Commands
		2.6 Function Key Assignments
		2.7 Short-Cut Key Characters
		2.8 UCS and UCSICON
		2.9 Coordinate System
		2.10 Units
		2.11 Viewing a Drawing
		2.12 Drawing Aids
		2.13 Object Snap
		2.14 Drawing Basic Entities
		2.15 Correcting Mistakes
		2.16 Object Selection
		2.17 Modify Commands
		2.18 Modify Properties
		2.19 Match Properties
		2.20 Pedit
		2.21 Grips
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Problems for Practice
	3. Drawing Apparatus
		3.1 Introduction to Drawing Equipment
		3.2 Triangles
		3.3 Ruler
		3.4 Scales
		3.5 Protractor
		3.6 French Curves
		3.7 Instrument Box
		3.8 Stencils
		3.9 Inking Pens
		3.10 Drawing Sheet
		3.11 Types of Paper
		3.12 Drawing Sheet Fasteners
		3.13 Pencils
		3.14 Drawing Ink
		3.15 Eraser
		CAD 3.16 Equipment for Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
		3.17 Computer Software
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
	4. Lines and Freehand Sketching
		4.1 Lines
		4.2 Precedence of Lines
		4.3 Thickness of a Line
		4.4 Drawing Lines
		4.5 Freehand Sketching
		CAD 4.6 Lines Using CAD
		4.7 Sketch Command
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Lines, Circles and Arcs
			Problems for Practice
	5. Lettering
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Guide Lines
		5.3 Spacing between Lines
		5.4 Width of Characters
		5.5 Line Thickness of Letters
		5.6 Spacing between Letters
		5.7 Inclined Letters
		CAD 5.8 Text Command
		5.9 Mtext Command
		5.10 Arc Aligned Text
		5.11 Editing Text
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
				Assignment on Lettering
				CAD Assignment on Lettering
	6. Basic Dimensioning
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Elements of Dimensioning
		6.3 Dimensioning Circular Arcs
		6.4 Dimensioning Diameters
		6.5 Dimensioning Holes
		6.6 Dimensioning Angles
		6.7 Dimensioning Chamfers
		6.8 Dimensioning Tapers
		6.9 Dimensioning Undercuts
		6.10 Dimensioning Repetitive Features
		6.11 Dimensioning Equidistant Features
		6.12 Dimensioning Threads
		6.13 Dimensioning Curves
		6.14 Dimensioning Methods
		6.15 Placement of Dimensions
		6.16 Sequence of Dimensioning
		CAD 6.17 Layers
		6.18 Dimensioning Commands
		6.19 Dimensioning Methods
		6.20 More Dimension Methods
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Dimensioning
			CAD Assignment on Dimensioning
			Problems for Practice
PART B METHODS OF PROJECTION
	7. Orthographic Projections
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 What is Projection?
		7.3 Types of Views
		7.4 Principle Picture Planes
		7.5 Methods of Orthographic Projection
		7.6 Hidden Details
		7.7 Preliminary Decisions for Making a Drawing
		7.8 Projecting Side Views
		7.9 Projection of Straight Inclined Face
		7.10 Projection of Circular Boundaries
		7.11 Projection of Curved Boundaries
		7.12 Understanding Orthographic Views (Blue Print Reading)
		7.13 Missing Views
		7.14 Some Drawing Conventions
		7.15 Sequence of Drawing
		CAD 7.16 Drawing Orthographic Views
		7.17 Plotting
			Thoery Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
				Assignement on Orthographic Views
				CAD Assignment on Orthographic Views
				Homework
				Problems for Practice
				Assignment on Missing Views
				Problems for Practice
	8. Sectional Views
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Types of Sections
		8.3 Conventions in Sectioning
		8.4 Section Lines (Hatching)
		CAD 8.5 Hatching using AutoCAD
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
				Assignment 1 on Sectional Views
				CAD Assignment on Sectional Views
				Assignment on Half Sectional Views
				CAD Assignment on Half Sectional Views
				Problems for Practice
				Diffi cult Problems for Practice
	9. Auxiliary Views
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Types of Inclined Surfaces
		9.3 Drawing Auxiliary View of an Inclined Surface
		9.4 Drawing Auxiliary View of a Curved Surface
		9.5 Illusions in Auxiliary Views
		9.6 Skew Surfaces
		CAD 9.7 Construction Lines
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
				Assignment on Auxiliary Views
				CAD Assignment on Auxiliary Views
				Problems for Practice
	10. Axonometric Views and Oblique Views
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Types of Pictorial Views
		10.3 Axonometric Views
		10.4 Isometric Scale
		10.5 Drawing Isometric Views
		10.6 Projections of Non-Isometric Lines
		10.7 Isometric View of Angles
		10.8 Isometric Drawing of Circles
		10.9 Isometric Drawing of Arcs
		10.10 Isometric Drawing of Curved Objects
		10.11 Isometric Sections
		10.12 Dimensioning Isometric Drawings
		10.13 Reversed Isometric
		10.14 Dimetric Projections
		10.15 Trimetric Projections
		10.16 Oblique Projection
		10.17 Drawing an Oblique View
		10.18 Cabinet View
		CAD 10.19 Isometric Grid
		10.20 Isocircle
		10.21 Viewports Command
		10.22 Types of 3D Models
		10.23 User Coordinate System (UCS)
		10.24 Views
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Isometric and Dimetric Views
					CAD Assignment on Isometric Views
					Assignment on Oblique Views
					CAD Assignment on Oblique Views
					Homework
					Problems For Practice
	11. Perspective Views
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Terminology
		11.3 Factors Affecting Appearance
		11.4 Selection of Parameters
		11.5 Types of Perspective Views
		11.6 Drawing a Perspective View
		11.7 Perspective View of a Cylinder
		11.8 Drawing a Perspective View of a Circle
		11.9 Graticulation
		CAD 11.10 Rays
		11.11 Dview Command
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Perspective Views
					CAD Assignment on Perspective Views
					Problems for Practice
PART C JOINTS AND COUPLINGS
	12. Riveted Joints
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Rivets
		12.3 Making a Riveted Joint
		12.4 Classifi cation of Riveted Joints
		12.5 Joint Proportions
		12.6 Applications of Riveted Joints
		12.7 Structural Joints
		12.8 Boiler Joints
		12.9 Light Work Applications
		CAD 12.10 Block
		12.11 Creating a Block (Block Command)
		12.12 Retrieving a Block (Insert Command)
		12.13 Inserting a Block at Many Places (Minsert Command)
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Riveted Joints
					CAD Assignment On Riveted Joints
					Homework
					Problems for Practice
	13. Threads
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Terminology
		13.3 Classifi cation of Threads
		13.4 Thread Profi le
		13.5 Pitch of Thread
		13.6 Thread Designation
		13.7 Specifi cations of Threads
		13.8 Thread Representation
		13.9 Internal Threads
		CAD 13.10 Array Command
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Screw Threads
					CAD Assignment on Screw Threads
					Homework
					Problems For Practice
	14. Bolts and Nuts
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Terminology
		14.3 Bolt Proportions
		14.4 Drawing a Bolt/Nut
		14.5 Studs
		14.6 Screws
		14.7 Locking Devices
		14.8 Special Nuts
		14.9 External Locking Devices
		14.10 Spring Washers
		14.11 Bolts and Nuts for Special Applications
		CAD 14.12 Wblock Command
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment 1 on Bolts and Nuts
			Assignment 2 on Locking Devices
			CAD Assignment on Bolts and Nuts
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
	15. Welded Joints
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Types of Welding Processes
		15.3 Types of Joints
		15.4 Edge Preparation
		15.5 Symbols
		15.6 Specifying a Welded Joint
		15.7 Fillet Welds
		15.8 Groove Welds
		15.9 Spot Welds
		15.10 Seam Welds
		15.11 Plug Welds
		15.12 Surface Welding
		CAD 15.13 Graphic Library
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
				Assignment on Welded Joints
				CAD Assignment on Welded Joints
				Homework
				Problems for Practice
	16. Shafts, Keys, Cotter and Pin Joints
		16.1 Shafts
		16.2 Keys
		16.3 Types of Keys
		16.4 Splines (IS 2327:1991, IS 3665:1990, IS 13088:1991)
		16.5 Cotter Joints
		16.6 Knuckle Joint
		CAD 16.7 Solid Modeling
		16.8 Solid Modeling Commands
		16.9 Operations on 2D Objects to Convert to 3D Objects
		16.10 Operations on 3D Solids
		16.11 Composite Solids
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Keys and Joints
			CAD Assignment on Keys and Joints
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
	17. Couplings and Clutches
		17.1 Couplings
		17.2 Muff Couplings
		17.3 Rigid Flange Couplings
		17.4 Flexible Couplings
		17.5 Parallel Coupling (Oldham’s)
		17.6 Universal Coupling
		17.7 Constant Velocity Joint
		17.8 Detachable Couplings
		17.9 Slip Couplings
		CAD 17.10 3 Darray
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Couplings and Clutches
			CAD Assignment on Couplings and Clutches
			Homework
	18. Pipe Joints
		18.1 Pipes
		18.2 Pipe Materials
		18.3 Pipe Designation
		18.4 Pipe Threads
		18.5 Types of Pipe Joints
		18.6 Joints for Cast Iron Pipes
		18.7 Joints for Copper Pipes
		18.8 Joints for Wrought Iron Pipes
		18.9 Joints for Lead Pipes
		18.10 Joints for Hydraulic Pipes
		18.11 Union Joint
		18.12 Expansion Joints
		18.13 Pipe Fittings
		18.14 Cast Iron Fittings
		18.15 Flanged Fittings
		18.16 PVC Fittings
		18.17 Valves
		18.18 Piping Symbols
		18.19 Piping Layouts
		18.20 Pipe Supports
		18.21 Tubes
		18.22 Tube Joints
		CAD 18.23 Multilines (Mline Command)
		18.24 Creating a New Mline Style (Mstyle Command)
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Pipe Joints
					CAD Assignment on Pipe Joints
					Homework
					Problems for Practice
PART D PRODUCTION DRAWINGS
	19. Tolerances, Limits and Fits
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Terminology
		19.3 Tolerances and Manufacturing Processes
		19.4 International Tolerance Grade (It Grade)
		19.5 Fundamental Tolerances
		19.6 Placing a Dimension with Tolerance
		19.7 Cumulative Tolerances
		19.8 Fits
		19.9 Systems of Fits
		19.10 Specifying a Fit
		19.11 Types of Fits
		19.12 Selection of Fits
		19.13 Fits for Thread Fasteners
		19.14 Gauges
		CAD 19.15 Putting Tolerances using CAD
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Tolerances, Limits and Fits
					CAD Assignment on Tolerances, Limits and Fits
					Homework
					Problems for Practice
	20. Geometrical Tolerances and Surface Finish
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Types of Tolerances
		20.3 Terminology
		20.4 Frame
		20.5 Datum
		20.6 Material Condition
		20.7 Tolerance Symbol
		20.8 Tolerance Value
		20.9 Indicating Geometrical Tolerances on Drawings
		20.10 Form Tolerance for Single Features
		20.11 Tolerances on Related Features
		20.12 Run Out
		20.13 Surface Texture
		20.14 Profi les
		20.15 Surface Roughness Number
		20.16 Roughness Symbols
		20.17 Lay
		20.18 Roughness Grade Number and Grade Symbols
		20.19 Roughness with Manufacturing Processes
		20.20 Roughness for Typical Applications
		20.21 Rules for Putting Roughness Symbols
		CAD 20.22 Geometric Tolerances
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Geometric Tolerances and Surface Roughness
					CAD Assignment on Geometric Tolerances and Surface Roughness
					Homework
					Problems for Practice
	21. Material Specifi cations
		21.1 Intro duction
		21.2 Types of Engineering Materials
		21.3 Ferrous Metals
		21.4 Designation of Steels [IS 1762–1974 Part 1]
		21.5 Steel Designation According to Chemical Composition [IS 7598–1974]
		21.6 Code Designation for Ferrous Castings [IS 4863–1968]
		21.7 Non-Ferrous Metals
		21.8 Plastics
		21.9 Bill of Materials
		CAD 21.10 Table Command
		21.11 Block Attributes
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
	22. Production Drawings
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Title Block
		22.3 Manufacturing Processes
		22.4 Heat Treatment Processes
		22.5 Tooling
		22.6 Inspection
		22.7 Jigs
		22.8 Fixtures
		22.9 Assembly Drawings
		22.10 Standard Mechanical Components
		22.11 Production Drawing
		22.12 Process Sheet
		22.13 Title Block
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Production Drawings
					CAD Assignment on Production Drawings
					Problem for Practice
PART E MACHINE PARTS
	23. Springs
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Classifi cation
		23.3 Helical Spring
		23.4 Leaf Spring
		23.5 Conventional and Symbolic Representation of Springs
		23.6 Diaphragm Spring
		CAD 23.7 Helix Command
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
				Multiple Choice Questions
				Assignment on Springs
				CAD Assignment on Springs
				Homework
				Problems for Practice
	24. Belts and Pulleys
		24.1 Introduction
		24.2 Belts
		24.3 Pulleys
		24.4 Types of Pulleys
		24.5 Flat Belt Pulleys
		24.6 Grooved Pulleys
		24.7 Toothed Pulley
		24.8 Rope Pulley
		CAD 24.9 Autolisp
		24.10 Specifying Variables
		24.11 Extracting Data from List Variable
		24.12 Get Commnads
		24.13 Mathematical Operations
		24.14 Angles in Autolisp
		24.15 Logical Operators
		24.16 Conditional Branching (If Command)
		24.17 Looping a Program
			Theory Questions
				Viva-Voce Questions
					Multiple Choice Questions
					Assignment on Belts and Pulleys
					CAD Assignment on Belts and Pulleys
					Homework
	25. Bearings
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Classifi cation of Bearings
		25.3 Hydrodynamic Bearings
		25.4 Plain Journal Bearing
		25.5 Plain Journal Bearing Materials
		25.6 Sleeve Bearing Supports
		25.7 Hangers
		25.8 Rolling Bearings
		25.9 Mounting of Rolling Bearings
		CAD 25.10 Managing Entities
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Bearings and Supports
			CAD Assignment on Bearings and Supports
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
	26. Gears
		26.1 Introduction
		26.2 Terminology
		26.3 Types of Gears
		26.4 Gear Tooth Calculations
		26.5 Tooth Profi les
		26.6 Base Circle
		26.7 Drawing Approximate Involute Tooth Profi le
		26.8 Conventional Representation of Gear Teeth
		26.9 Construction of Gears
		26.10 Spur Gears
		26.11 Helical Gears
		26.12 Bevel Gears
		26.13 Worm and Worm Wheel
		26.14 Rack
		26.15 CAD for Gear
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Gears
			CAD Assignment on Gears
			Problems for Practice
PART F MACHINES
	27. Part and Assembly Drawings
		27.1 Introduction
		27.2 Detail Drawing
		27.3 Assembly Drawings
		27.4 Bill of Materials
		27.5 Steps for Creating Assembly Drawings
		27.6 Blue Print Reading
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Part and Assembly Drawings
			CAD Assignment on Part and Assembly Drawings
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
	28. Internal Combustion Engines
		28.1 Introduction To I.C. Engines
		28.2 Power System
		28.3 Fuel System
		28.4 Ignition System
		28.5 Cooling System
		28.6 Lubrication System
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Assignment on I.C. Engines
			CAD Assignment on I.C. Engines
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
	29. Steam Power Plants
		29.1 Introduction
		29.2 Steam Generator (Boiler)
		29.3 Steam Engine
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Steam Power Plants
			CAD Assignment on Steam Power Plants
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
	30. Machine Tools
		30.1 Introduction and Scope
		30.2 Lathe
		30.3 Shaper
		30.4 Drilling Machine
		30.5 Holding and Clamping Devices
			Theory Questions
			Viva-Voce Questions
			Multiple Choice Questions
			Assignment on Machine Tools
			CAD Assignment on Machine Tools
			Homework
			Problems for Practice
Appendix 1 Some Useful Indian Standards
Appendix 2 Some Relevant Internet Sites
Appendix 3 List of Some Important AutoCAD Commands
Appendix 4 Various Tabs on the Ribbon and their Panels
Index