LTE, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX: Towards IMT-Advanced Networks

LTE, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX......Page 1
Contents......Page 9
About the Authors......Page 17
Preface......Page 19
Acknowledgements......Page 21
List of Abbreviations......Page 23
1 Introduction......Page 31
1.1 Evolution of Wireless Networks......Page 33
1.2 Why IMT-Advanced......Page 35
1.3 The ITU-R Requirements for IMT-Advanced Networks......Page 36
1.3.5 Latency......Page 40
1.3.7 Handover Interruption Time......Page 41
1.3.8 VoIP Capacity......Page 42
1.4.1 LTE-Advanced......Page 43
1.4.2 IEEE 802.16m......Page 44
1.5 Book Overview......Page 45
References......Page 46
2 Enabling Technologies for IMT-Advanced Networks......Page 49
2.1.1 OFDM......Page 50
2.1.3 SC-FDMA......Page 52
2.3 Adaptive Coding and Modulation......Page 53
2.4 Frequency Reuse......Page 54
2.5 Wideband Transmissions......Page 55
2.6 Multiple Antenna Techniques......Page 57
2.7 Relaying......Page 59
2.8 Femtocells......Page 60
2.9 Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Transmission......Page 63
2.9.1 Interference Cancellation......Page 64
2.9.5 Inter-Cell MIMO......Page 65
2.11 Inter-Technology Handovers......Page 66
References......Page 67
Part I WIMAX......Page 69
3.1 IEEE 802.16-2009......Page 71
3.1.1 IEEE 802.16-2009 Air Interfaces......Page 73
3.1.2 Protocol Reference Model......Page 74
3.2 IEEE 802.16m......Page 75
3.3.1 Frame Structure......Page 78
3.3.2 Network Entry......Page 80
3.3.3 QoS and Bandwidth Reservation......Page 81
3.3.4 Mobility Management......Page 83
3.3.5 Security......Page 86
4.1 Frame Structure in IEEE 802.16-2009......Page 89
4.1.1 TDD Frame Structure......Page 90
4.2 Frame Structure in IEEE 802.16j......Page 92
4.2.1 Frame Structure in Transparent Relaying......Page 93
4.2.2 Frame Structure in Non-Transparent Relaying......Page 95
4.3.1 Basic Frame Structure......Page 99
4.3.2 Frame Structure Supporting IEEE 802.16-2009 Frames......Page 100
4.4.1 Logical identifiers in IEEE 802.16-2009......Page 101
4.4.2 Logical identifiers in IEEE 802.16j-2009......Page 102
4.4.3 Logical identifiers in IEEE 802.16m......Page 103
5.1 Network Entry in IEEE 802.16-2009......Page 105
5.1.1 Initial Ranging......Page 107
5.1.2 Periodic Ranging......Page 108
5.1.4 Periodic Ranging in OFDMA......Page 109
5.2 Network Entry in IEEE 802.16j-2009......Page 110
5.2.2 Periodic Ranging......Page 113
5.3 Network Entry in IEEE 802.16m......Page 114
6 Quality of Service and Bandwidth Reservation......Page 117
6.1.1 QoS Performance Measures......Page 118
6.1.2 Classification......Page 119
6.1.3 Signaling Bandwidth Requests and Grants......Page 123
6.2 Quality of Service in IEEE 802.16j......Page 127
6.2.2 Signaling Bandwidth Requests and Grants......Page 129
6.2.3 Bandwidth Allocation and Traffic Handling......Page 133
6.3.3 Bandwidth Request and Grant......Page 134
6.3.4 Bandwidth Allocation and Traffic Handling......Page 135
7.1 Mobility Management in IEEE 802.16-2009......Page 137
7.1.2 Association Procedures......Page 139
7.1.3 The Handover Process......Page 140
7.1.4 Optional Handover Modes......Page 142
7.2.1 MR-BS and RS Behavior during MS Handover......Page 144
7.2.2 Mobile RS Handover......Page 145
7.3.1 ABS to ABS Handovers......Page 147
7.3.2 Mixed Handover Types......Page 148
7.3.4 Handovers in Relay, Femtocells and Multicarrier IEEE 802.16m Networks......Page 149
8.1 Security in IEEE 802.16-2009......Page 151
8.1.2 Authentication......Page 152
8.1.3 Encryption......Page 153
8.2 Security in IEEE 802.16j-2009......Page 154
8.3 Security in IEEE 802.16m......Page 155
Part II LTE AND LTE-ADVANCED NETWORKS......Page 157
9.1 Overview of LTE Networks......Page 159
9.1.1 The Radio Protocol Architecture......Page 161
9.1.2 The Interfaces......Page 162
9.1.3 Support for Home eNBs (Femtocells)......Page 163
9.1.4 Air Interface......Page 164
9.2.1 Frame Structure......Page 165
9.2.2 UE States and State Transitions......Page 166
9.2.3 Quality of Service and Bandwidth Reservation......Page 167
9.2.4 Mobility Management......Page 169
9.2.5 Security......Page 172
References......Page 175
10.1 Frame-Structure in LTE......Page 177
10.1.1 Resource Block Structure......Page 179
10.3 LTE Identification, Naming and Addressing......Page 181
10.3.1 Identification......Page 182
10.3.2 Addressing......Page 183
11.1 Overview of a UE's State Transitions......Page 191
11.2.1 PLMN Selection......Page 192
11.2.2 Cell Selection and Reselection......Page 193
11.3 Acquiring System Information......Page 194
11.4.1 Random Access Procedure......Page 195
11.4.2 Connection Establishment......Page 197
11.4.3 Connection Reconfiguration......Page 198
11.4.5 Connection Release......Page 199
11.5 Mapping between AS and NAS States......Page 200
12.1 QoS Performance Measures......Page 203
12.2 Classification......Page 204
12.3 Signaling for Bandwidth Requests and Grants......Page 205
12.3.1 Dedicated Bearer......Page 206
12.3.2 Default Bearer......Page 209
12.4.1 Scheduling......Page 210
12.4.2 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request......Page 212
12.5.2 Coordinated Multipoint Transmission/Reception (CoMP)......Page 214
12.5.3 Relaying in LTE-Advanced......Page 215
13.1 Overview......Page 219
13.2 Drivers and Limitations for Mobility Control......Page 220
13.3.1 IDLE State Mobility Management......Page 222
13.3.2 CONNECTED State Mobility Management......Page 223
13.4 Considerations for Inter RAT Mobility......Page 225
13.5 CSG and Hybrid HeNB Cells......Page 226
13.6.1 X2 Mobility Management......Page 228
13.6.2 S1 Mobility Management......Page 231
14.1 Design Rationale......Page 233
14.2 LTE Security Architecture......Page 234
14.3 EPS Key Hierarchy......Page 236
14.4 State Transitions and Mobility......Page 238
14.5.1 EPS Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA)......Page 239
14.5.3 User Identification by a Permanent Identity......Page 240
Part III COMPARISON......Page 241
15.1 Evolution of the IMT-Advanced Standards......Page 243
15.2.1 OFDMA Implementation......Page 246
15.2.2 MIMO Implementation......Page 247
15.2.3 Spectrum Flexibility......Page 249
15.3 Comparing Relay Adoption......Page 252
15.4.1 ASN/AN (E-UTRAN) and the MME and the S-GW......Page 253
15.4.2 CSN/PDN-GW......Page 255
16.1 Intersystem Interference......Page 257
16.1.1 Types of Intersystem Interference......Page 258
16.2.1 Approaches to Inter-Technology Mobility......Page 260
16.2.2 Examples of Inter-Technology Access......Page 261
References......Page 265
17.1 Scheduling in WiMAX......Page 267
17.1.1 Homogeneous Algorithms......Page 269
17.1.2 Hybrid Algorithms......Page 270
17.1.3 Opportunistic Algorithms......Page 271
17.2.1 Scheduling the Uplink......Page 273
17.2.2 Scheduling the Downlink......Page 275
17.3.1 VoIP Scheduling in LTE and WiMAX......Page 276
References......Page 277
18 The Market View......Page 281
18.1 Towards 4G Networks......Page 282
18.2 IMT-Advanced Market Outlook......Page 283
18.2.1 Spectrum Allocation......Page 284
18.2.3 The WiFi Spread......Page 285
18.2.5 Readiness for 4G......Page 286
References......Page 287
19 The Road Ahead......Page 289
19.1 Network Capacity......Page 290
19.3 Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum......Page 291
19.4 Network Intelligence......Page 292
19.6 Radio Resource Management......Page 293
19.7 Green Wireless Access......Page 295
References......Page 296
Index......Page 299