Low temperature stress in crop plants: the role of the membrane: proceedings of an international seminar on low temperature stress in crop plants, held at the East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1979

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page\r......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Participants......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
Photograph of Participants......Page 16
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 18
II. PROPAGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE RESPONSE......Page 23
IIΙ. PRIMARY TEMPERATURE SENSOR......Page 28
IV. REFERENCES......Page 37
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 42
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 43
III. CONCLUSIONS......Page 51
IV. REFERENCES......Page 52
I. CHILLING INJURY DUE TO IMBIBITION IN COLD WATER......Page 54
II. THE LOW TEMPERATURE LIMIT FOR GERMINATION......Page 56
III. REFERENCES......Page 61
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 64
IIΙ. INCREASED ACTIVATION ENERGIES......Page 66
IV. INCREASED MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY......Page 68
V. THE CAUSE OF LEAF WILTING IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LEAVES......Page 70
VI. THE MECHANISM OF CHILL- AND DROUGHT-HARDENING......Page 74
VII. CAUSES OF CHILLING-INJURY TO PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LEAVES AT 5°C, 100% R.H.......Page 75
VIII. CAUSES OF CHILLING-INJURY TO EPISCIA REPTANS LEAVES......Page 78
IX. REFERENCES......Page 81
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 84
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 86
IIΙ. REFERENCES......Page 96
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 98
II. ROLE OF THE MEMBRANE IN COOL-STORAGE DISORDERS......Page 99
IIΙ. CHILLING INJURY AND THE ACCUMULATION OF METABOLITES DURING COOL STORAGE......Page 100
IV. STORAGE TREATMENTS WHICH ALLEVIATE COOL-STORAGE INJURY......Page 103
V. CONCLUSION......Page 110
VI. REFERENCES......Page 111
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 114
II. DISCUSSION......Page 126
IIΙ. REFERENCES......Page 129
CHAPTER 8. MOVEMENT AND LOSS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES FROM ROOTS AT LOW TEMPERATURE......Page 132
INTERNAL SOLUTE MOVEMENT AND ROOT EXUDATION......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 139
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 140
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 141
IIΙ. PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR CHILLING-INJURY OF THERMOPHILIC ROOTS......Page 151
IV. REFERENCES......Page 155
I. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 158
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 159
ΙII. REFERENCES......Page 167
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 170
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 171
III. RESULTS......Page 173
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 176
V. REFERENCES......Page 178
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 180
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 181
III. RESULTS......Page 183
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 187
V. REFERENCES......Page 193
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 194
III. RESULTS......Page 195
IV. REFERENCES......Page 203
II. CHLOROPLAST ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES IN CHILLING-SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT PLANTS......Page 204
IIΙ. CHILLING INJURY......Page 205
IV. GENETIC MODIFICATION OF CHILLING SENSITIVITY......Page 212
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 217
VI. REFERENCES......Page 218
CHAPTER 15. LOW TEMPERATURE RESPONSE OF CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOIDS......Page 220
I. EFFECT OF CHILLING TEMPERATURES ON CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOIDS......Page 221
II. EFFECT OF SUBFREEZING TEMPERATURES ON SPINACH THYLAKOIDS......Page 228
IIΙ. REFERENCES......Page 231
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 232
II. THERMOTROPIC PHASE TRANSITIONS......Page 233
III. THE EFFECT OF PHASE TRANSITIONS ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY......Page 235
IV. REFERENCES......Page 245
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 248
II. REFERENCES......Page 270
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 272
IIΙ. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES......Page 275
IV. FREEZING AND THAWING RATE STUDIES......Page 284
V. ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES......Page 288
VI. CONCLUSIONS......Page 289
VII. REFERENCES......Page 290
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 292
IIΙ. RESULTS......Page 294
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 304
V. REFERENCES......Page 307
CHAPTER 20. FREEZING STRESS IN POTATO......Page 308
I. FROST HARDINESS AND FREEZING INJURY......Page 309
II. COLD HARDENING......Page 313
IV. REFERENCES......Page 319
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 322
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 324
III. PHASE SEPARATION PROCESSES......Page 325
IV. PHASE SEPARATION TEMPERATURES IN WARM AND COOL CLIMATE PLANTS......Page 327
IV. ADAPTATION TO HIGH TEMPERATURE......Page 331
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 333
VI. REFERENCES......Page 334
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 336
ΙII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 338
IV. REFERENCES......Page 342
CHAPTER 23. SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MEMBRANES IN THE PHASE SEPARATION REGION AND THEIR RELATION TO CHILLING DAMAGE IN PLANTS......Page 344
REFERENCES......Page 351
I. ANACYSTIS NIDULANS......Page 354
II. LIPID PHASE OF THYLAKOID MEMBRANE.......Page 355
IIΙ. TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RELATED PROCESSES......Page 356
IV. CHILLING INJURY......Page 357
V. EFFECT OF GROWTH TEMPERATURE ON LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS......Page 358
VI. SUMMARY......Page 360
VII. REFERENCES......Page 362
I. REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCLIMATION OF CELL MEMBRANES TO LOW TEMPERATURE......Page 364
II. A COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION MECHANISMS IN NATURE......Page 365
II. LOW TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION IN TETRAHYMENA......Page 367
IV. REFERENCES......Page 379
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 382
II. METHODS......Page 383
IIΙ. RESULTS......Page 385
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 389
V. REFERENCES......Page 390
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 392
II. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 393
III. RESULTS......Page 394
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 404
V. REFERENCES......Page 405
I. INCREASE IN FATTY ACID UNSATURATION AT LOW TEMPERATURE......Page 408
II. REGULATION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS FROM 14C-ACETATE......Page 411
IV. REGULATION OF THE MICROSOMAL OLEYL-CoA DESATURASE FROM POTATO TUBER......Page 413
VI. CONCLUSION......Page 417
VII. REFERENCES......Page 421
CHAPTER 29. CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIPIDS IN CHILLING SENSITIVE SPECIES......Page 422
REFERENCES......Page 426
II. CHANGES IN MEMBRANE LIPIDS DURING FROST HARDENING......Page 428
III. DISCUSSION......Page 443
IV. REFERENCES......Page 446
I. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 448
II RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 449
IV. REFERENCES......Page 451
I. ROTATIONAL MOTION RANGE......Page 454
II. TRANSLATION AL DIFFUSION MOTION RANGE......Page 457
IIΙ. REFERENCES......Page 468
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 470
IIΙ. RESULTS......Page 471
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 476
V. REFERENCES......Page 478
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 480
ΙII. THE USE OF CELL CULTURES IN BREEDING......Page 481
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 486
V. REFERENCES......Page 487
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 490
II. THE GENETIC APPROACH TO STUDY CHILLING INJURY......Page 491
IIΙ. UNDERSTANDING SENSITIVITY, TOLERANCE, AND ADAPTATION TO LOW TEMPERATURE......Page 498
IV. THE SEARCH FOR \"COLD TOLERANT GENES\" IN CROP PLANTS......Page 502
IV. REFERENCES......Page 504
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 508
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 509
IIΙ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 511
IV. CONCLUSIONS......Page 520
V. REFERENCES......Page 521
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 524
II. SELECTION METHODS......Page 525
III. GENETICS OF CHILLING RESISTANCE......Page 532
V. REFERENCES......Page 533
CHAPTER 38. BREAKS OR CURVES? A VISUAL AID TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DATA......Page 540
REFERENCES......Page 542
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 544
II. TESTS......Page 547
IV. REFERENCES......Page 550
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 552
II. METHOD......Page 553
III. CONCLUSION......Page 558
IV. REFERENCES......Page 559
EPILOGUE......Page 560
Table of Temperature Coefficients of Various Plant Responses......Page 566
REFERENCES......Page 573
INDEX......Page 576