Looking for Spinoza: Joy,Sorrow and the Human Brain

Cover......Page 1
Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Looking for Spinoza......Page 11
1. Enter Feelings......Page 13
Enter Feelings......Page 15
The Hague......Page 20
Looking for Spinoza......Page 27
Beware......Page 29
In the Paviljoensgracht......Page 35
2. Of Appetites and Emotions......Page 37
Trust Shakespeare......Page 39
Emotions Precede Feelings......Page 41
A Nesting Principle......Page 49
More on the Emotion-Related Reactions: From Simple Homeostatic Regulation to Emotions-Proper......Page 50
The Emotions of Simple Organisms......Page 52
The Emotions-Proper......Page 55
A Hypothesis in the Form of a Definition......Page 65
The Brain Machinery of Emotion......Page 66
Triggering and Executing Emotions......Page 69
Out of the Blue......Page 77
The Brain Stem Switch......Page 85
Out-of-the-Blue Laughter......Page 86
Laughter and Some More Crying......Page 89
From the Active Body to the Mind......Page 91
3. Feelings......Page 93
What Feelings Are......Page 95
Is There More to Feelings than the Perception of Body State?......Page 101
Feelings Are Interactive Perceptions......Page 103
Mixing Memory with Desire: An Aside......Page 105
Feelings in the Brain: New Evidence......Page 108
A Comment on Related Evidence......Page 113
Some More Corroborating Evidence......Page 116
The Substrate of Feelings......Page 117
Who Can Have Feelings?......Page 121
Body States versus Body Maps......Page 123
Actual Body States and Simulated Body States......Page 124
NATURAL ANALGESIA......Page 125
EMPATHY......Page 127
Hallucinating the Body......Page 130
The Chemicals of Feeling......Page 131
Varieties of Drug-Induced Felicity......Page 133
Enter the Naysayers......Page 136
More Naysayers......Page 138
4. Ever Since Feelings......Page 147
Of Joy and Sorrow......Page 149
Feelings and Social Behavior......Page 152
Inside a Decision-Making Mechanism......Page 156
What the Mechanism Accomplishes......Page 159
The Breakdown of a Normal Mechanism......Page 162
Damage to Prefrontal Cortex in the Very Young......Page 164
What If the World?......Page 167
Neurobiology and Ethical Behaviors......Page 171
Homeostasis and the Governance of Social Life......Page 178
The Foundation of Virtue......Page 182
What Are Feelings For?......Page 187
5. Body, Brain, and Mind......Page 193
Body and Mind......Page 195
The Hague, December 2,1999......Page 196
The Invisible Body......Page 199
Losing the Body and Losing the Mind......Page 203
The Assembly of Body Images......Page 207
The Construction of Reality......Page 210
Seeing Things......Page 212
About the Origins of the Mind......Page 216
Body, Mind, and Spinoza......Page 221
Closing with Dr. Tulp......Page 229
6. A Visit to Spinoza......Page 233
Rijnsburg, July 6, 2000......Page 235
The Age......Page 236
The Hague, 1670......Page 239
Amsterdam, 1632......Page 242
Ideas and Events......Page 248
The Uriel da Costa Affair......Page 252
Jewish Persecution and the Marrano Tradition......Page 257
Excommunication......Page 262
The Legacy......Page 266
Beyond the Enlightenment......Page 270
The Hague, 1677......Page 273
The Library......Page 274
Spinoza in My Mind......Page 275
7. Who's There?......Page 277
The Contented Life......Page 279
Spinoza's Solution......Page 285
The Effectiveness of a Solution......Page 289
Spinozism......Page 291
Happy Endings?......Page 295
Appendix I: Before, During, and After Spinoza's Time......Page 303
Appendix II: Brain Anatomy......Page 307
CHAPTER 1: Enter Feelings......Page 311
CHAPTER 2: Of Appetites and Emotions......Page 313
CHAPTER 3: Feelings......Page 320
CHAPTER 4: Ever Since Feelings......Page 325
CHAPTER 5: Body, Brain, and Mind......Page 333
CHAPTER 6: A Visit to Spinoza......Page 338
CHAPTER 7: Who's There?......Page 341
Glossary......Page 345
Acknowledgments......Page 349
Index......Page 351