Loneliness Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Family and Community Social Capital

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1 The Significance of Loneliness in Later Life in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
	1.1 Loneliness in Later Life During COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Perspective
	1.2 Population Aging and Aging Policies in China
	References
2 How to Understand Loneliness in Later Life?
	2.1 Theoretical Models of Loneliness in Later Life
	2.2 Social Capital and Loneliness of Chinese Older Adults
	References
3 Social Capital and Loneliness
	3.1 Social Determinants of Loneliness
	3.2 Social Connections, Supportive Resources, and Loneliness
	3.3 Social Capital and Loneliness
	3.4 Summary of Research Gaps
	3.5 Study Objectives and Hypothesis
	3.6 Significance of the Study
		3.6.1 Theoretical Significance
		3.6.2 Empirical Significance
	3.7 An Empirical Study Conducted in Shanghai: Sampling, Measurement, and Analysis
		3.7.1 Sampling
		3.7.2 Measurement
		3.7.3 Data Analysis
	3.8 Regression Models of Social Capital and Loneliness
		3.8.1 Descriptive Statistics
		3.8.2 Regression Model of Loneliness
	3.9 Discussion
	References
4 The Moderating Role of Age and Gender in the Relationship Between Social Capital and Loneliness
	4.1 Literature Review: Age and Loneliness
	4.2 Literature Review: Gender and Loneliness
	4.3 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Age on Social Capital and Loneliness
	4.4 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Gender on Social Capital and Loneliness
	4.5 Discussion
	References
5 The Moderating Role of Marital Status and Living Alone in the Relationship Between Social Capital and Loneliness
	5.1 Literature Review: Marital Status and Loneliness
	5.2 Literature Review: Living Alone and Loneliness
	5.3 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Marital Status on Social Capital and Loneliness
	5.4 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Living Alone on Social Capital and Loneliness
	5.5 Discussion
	References
6 The Role of Social Capital in Affecting Loneliness Among Older Adults with Different Socioeconomic Status
	6.1 Literature Review: Socioeconomic Status and Loneliness
	6.2 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Education on Social Capital and Loneliness
	6.3 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Income on Social Capital and Loneliness
	6.4 Discussion
	References
7 The Role of Social Capital in Affecting Loneliness Among Older Adults with Different Physical Health Status
	7.1 Literature Review: Health and Loneliness
	7.2 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of IADLs on Social Capital and Loneliness
	7.3 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Number of Diseases on Social Capital and Loneliness
	7.4 Regression Model Results: Moderation Effect of Self-Rated Health on Social Capital and Loneliness
	7.5 Discussion
	References
8 The Mechanism Linking Structural Social Capital, Cognitive Social Capital and Loneliness
	8.1 The Interplay Between Cognitive and Structural Social Capital
	8.2 Study Objective and Hypothesis
	8.3 Statistical Analysis
	8.4 Results of the Mediation Models: Structural Equation Modeling
		8.4.1 Measurement Model: Cognitive and Structural Social Capital During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
		8.4.2 The Structural Model: The Mediation Effects of Cognitive Social Capital on Structural Social Capital and Loneliness
	8.5 Discussion
	References
9 Implications of the Findings and Conclusions
	9.1 Implications
	9.2 Limitations
	9.3 General Conclusion
	References
Appendices
Appendix 1
Questionnaires of Social Capital and Health in COVID-19 (Jan.23-June.08, 2020, especially January-March; English version)
Appendix 2
Questionnaires of Social Capital and Health in COVID-19 (Jan.23-June.08, 2020, especially January-March; Chinese version)
Appendix 3
Appendix 4