Logistics Transportation Systems

Title-page_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Logistics Transportation Systems
Copyright_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Copyright
Contents_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Contents
Preface_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Preface
Acknowledgments_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Acknowledgments
Chapter-1---Overview-of-transportation-log_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Sys
	1 Overview of transportation logistics
		1.1 Introduction: what is transportation logistics?
		1.2 The importance of transportation systems
		1.3 The history of transportation systems
		1.4 Transportation management
			1.4.1 Logistics planning
			1.4.2 Logistics functions
			1.4.3 Logistics goals and strategies
			1.4.4 Transportation processes
		1.5 Logistics costs
		1.6 Logistics/transportation cost implications
		1.7 Transportation modes
			1.7.1 Truck
			1.7.2 Rail
			1.7.3 Water
			1.7.4 Pipeline
			1.7.5 Air
		1.8 Practical implications
		1.9 Conclusion
		1.10 Discussion questions
		References
Chapter-2---Network-and-cost-analysis-of-transp_2021_Logistics-Transportatio
	2 Network and cost analysis of transportation system
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Terminology
		2.3 Transportation network
		2.4 Classification of transportation network
		2.5 Operational network structure
			2.5.1 Direct shipping with milk runs
			2.5.2 All shipments via central DC
			2.5.3 Shipping via DC using milk runs
		2.6 Hub advantages
		2.7 Hub disadvantages
		2.8 Performance criteria
		2.9 Algorithms
		2.10 Mathematical tools
		2.11 Layers of network
			2.11.1 Physical network
			2.11.2 Operational network
			2.11.3 Strategic network
		2.12 Transportation cost
			2.12.1 Transportation cost components
			2.12.2 Transportation cost categories
			2.12.3 Transportation cost function
			2.12.4 Factors that influence transportation cost
		2.13 Network problems
		2.14 Conclusion
		References
		Further reading
Chapter-3---Transportation-infrastructure-and_2021_Logistics-Transportation-
	3 Transportation infrastructure and equipment
		3.1 Transportation infrastructure
		3.2 Transportation equipment
		3.3 Truck/road infratructures
		3.4 Rail infrastructures
		3.5 Maritime infrastructures
			3.5.1 General cargo ships (sometimes called breakbulk carriers)
			3.5.2 Bulk carriers
			3.5.3 Container ships
			3.5.4 Auto carriers
			3.5.5 Tankers
			3.5.6 Fishing vessels
			3.5.7 Oil industry vessels
			3.5.8 Passenger ships
			3.5.9 Ferryboats
			3.5.10 Tow and tug boats
			3.5.11 Barges
		3.6 Aviation infrastructures
		3.7 Containerization
			3.7.1 Advantages of container use
			3.7.2 Disadvantages of container use
		3.8 Significance of transportation infrastructure on economy
		3.9 US transportation infrastructure plan
		3.10 Conclusion
		3.11 Discussion questions
		References
Chapter-4---Transportation-rules-and-regul_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Sys
	4 Transportation rules and regulations
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Creating transportation laws
		4.3 Federal transportation laws
		4.4 Railroad industry regulations
		4.5 Motor carrier regulation
		4.6 Regulations in the airline industry
		4.7 International water regulations
			4.7.1 Freedom of the seas
			4.7.2 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention
			4.7.3 Protection of marine environment and biodiversity
			4.7.4 Marine shipping and pollution
			4.7.5 Polar code
			4.7.6 Piracy
		4.8 Importing procedures
			4.8.1 Customs and importers
			4.8.2 Entry of goods
			4.8.3 Customs examination of entry goods/documents
				4.8.3.1 Importer obligations
			4.8.4 Penalties
		4.9 Trade agreements
		4.10 Hazardous materials regulations
		4.11 Foreign trade zones
		4.12 Freight forwarding
			4.12.1 Freight forwarding and 3PL logistic providers
				4.12.1.1 3PL services versus freight forwarding
			4.12.2 Freight forwarding and 4PL logistic providers
			4.12.3 3PL logistic providers versus 4PL logistic providers
			4.12.4 Fourth-party logistics is the best choice
		4.13 Incoterms
		4.14 Conclusion
		References
		Further reading
Chapter-5---Intermodal-transportation_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	5 Intermodal transportation
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Modality
			5.2.1 Unimodalism
			5.2.2 Multimodalism
		5.3 Intermodal freight transportation
			5.3.1 Intermodalism
			5.3.2 What is the difference?
				5.3.2.1 Intermodal transportation
				5.3.2.2 Multimodal transportation
		5.4 Components of intermodal transportation
			5.4.1 Containers
			5.4.2 Carriers
			5.4.3 Shippers
		5.5 Domestic transportation
			5.5.1 Domestic commodities
			5.5.2 Domestic intermodal
			5.5.3 Intermodal freight distribution in the United States
			5.5.4 Trends of container freight shipments in the United States
			5.5.5 Imported container distributions in the United States
		5.6 International transportation
			5.6.1 International commodities and trade
		5.7 Selection criteria of mode of transportation
			5.7.1 Cost of transportation
			5.7.2 Dependability and consistency of service
			5.7.3 Security
		5.8 Last mile delivery
			5.8.1 What is last-mile delivery?
			5.8.2 Unique challenges of last mile delivery
			5.9 Challenges of intermodal transportation
		References
		Further reading
Chapter-6---Logistics-transportation-problems-wi_2021_Logistics-Transportati
	6 Logistics transportation problems with linear programming
		6.1 Overview
		6.2 Introduction
		6.3 Literature review
			6.3.1 Linear programming
			6.3.2 Transportation problems
				6.3.2.1 Transportation problem defined
				6.3.2.2 Importance of transportation problem and linear programming in business and industry
				6.3.2.3 Types of transportation problems
		6.4 Solving transportation problems
			6.4.1 LP Formulation
				6.4.1.1 Decision variables
				6.4.1.2 Objective function
				6.4.1.3 Constraints
			6.4.2 Steps in solving a transportation problems
				6.4.2.1 Define the problem and prepare the transportation tableau
				6.4.2.2 Obtain an initial feasible solution
					6.4.2.2.1 North-West corner method
					6.4.2.2.2 Least-cost method
					6.4.2.2.3 Vogel’s approximation method
				6.4.2.3 Identify the optimal solution
				6.4.2.4 Demand not equal to supply (unbalanced problem)
		6.5 Graphical method
		6.6 Simplex method and the transportation tableau
		6.7 Solver method
		6.8 Sensitivity analysis
		6.9 Conclusion
		References
Chapter-7---Assignment-and-transshipment-problems_2021_Logistics-Transportat
	7 Assignment and transshipment problems with linear programming
		7.1 Overview
		7.2 Introduction
		7.3 Literature review
		7.4 Assignment problems
			7.4.1 Methods of solving the assignment problem
			7.4.2 Mathematical formula of solving assignment program using linear programming
			7.4.3 Simplex (solver) method
			7.4.4 The Hungarian algorithm
		7.5 Transshipment problems
			7.5.1 LP formulation for transshipment problem
		7.6 Sensitivity
		7.7 Conclusion
		References
		Further reading
Chapter-8---Logistics-customer-services_2021_Logistics-Transportation-System
	8 Logistics customer services
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Definition of customer service
			8.2.1 Elements of customer service
				8.2.1.1 Pretransaction elements
				8.2.1.2 Transaction elements
				8.2.1.3 Posttransaction elements
			8.2.2 Relative importance of customer service elements
		8.3 Order cycle time
			8.3.1 Order cycle time adjustments
			8.3.2 Priorities for order processing
			8.3.3 Standards for order condition
			8.3.4 Order constraints
		8.4 Importance of logistics customer service
			8.4.1 Service effects on sales
			8.4.2 Service effects on customer retention
		8.5 Sales–service relationship
		8.6 Sales–service relationship model
			8.6.1 Two-point method
			8.6.2 Before/after experiments
			8.6.3 Game playing
			8.6.4 Buyer surveys
		8.7 Costs versus service
		8.8 Determining optimum service levels
			8.8.1 Why is it important to identify optimum service level?
			8.8.2 Practical implications
		8.9 Customer service variability
			8.9.1 Taguchi’s loss function
			8.9.2 Supply chain visibility
		8.10 Service as a constraint
		8.11 Measuring logistics service quality
			8.11.1 Service contingencies
			8.11.2 System breakdown
			8.11.3 Product recall and return
		8.12 Conclusion
		References
		Further reading
Chapter-9---Transportation-rates-and-decisio_2021_Logistics-Transportation-S
	9 Transportation rates and decision analysis
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Rates for different modes of transportation
		9.3 Importance of choosing the most cost-effective transportation system
		9.4 Service choices
			9.4.1 Characteristics
			9.4.2 Single-service choices
			9.4.3 Intermodal services
		9.5 Factors affecting transportation rates and costs
			9.5.1 Product volume
			9.5.2 Demand-related rates
			9.5.3 Distance of travel (line-Haul rates)
			9.5.4 Other factors affecting transportation rates and costs
			9.5.5 Special service charges
		9.6 Documentation
			9.6.1 Bill of lading
			9.6.2 Freight bill
			9.6.3 Freight claims
			9.6.4 International transport documentation
		9.7 Approaches to negotiating transportation rates
			9.7.1 Negotiation with individual carriers
			9.7.2 Using a bid process
		9.8 Collect and analyze data: preparing an request for proposal
		9.9 Building strong service provider relationships
		9.10 Post negotiation support
		9.11 Common misconceptions in rate negotiation
			9.11.1 You will always get the best rates when going directly to the carriers
			9.11.2 Fuel surcharges cannot be negotiated
			9.11.3 Freight bills are always correct
		9.12 Analytical problems
		9.13 Discussion questions
		Review questions
		9.14 Conclusion
		Further reading
Chapter-10---Transportation-routing_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	10 Transportation routing
		10.1 Introduction to transportation routing
		10.2 Choosing a route planning system
			10.2.1 Schedule and route trucks on a day-to-day basis
			10.2.2 Maximize fixed routes and schedules
			10.2.3 Optimize deliveries continually
			10.2.4 Support customers
			10.2.5 Connect with live vehicle tracking
			10.2.6 Consider “what-if” situations
			10.2.7 Using multiperiod arranging
			10.2.8 Makes programming advancement plans
			10.2.9 Combines central scheduling
			10.2.10 Focuses on reporting
		10.3 Vehicle routing
			10.3.1 Separate and single origin and destination points
			10.3.2 Multiple origin and destination points
			10.3.3 Coincident origin and destination points
		10.4 Vehicle routing and scheduling
			10.4.1 Routing and scheduling methods
			10.4.2 Sweep method
			10.4.3 Savings method
		10.5 Transportation routing analysis geographic information system
		10.6 Freight consolidation
		10.7 Hazardous material (HazMat) routing and risks
			10.7.1 Factors used to calculate the risk
				10.7.1.1 Factor for affected population
				10.7.1.2 Severity of hotspots
				10.7.1.3 Probability of accident
				10.7.1.4 Factor for emergency response
				10.7.1.5 Factor for reasonable deviation
			10.7.2 HazMat route modeling
				10.7.2.1 Assessment and comparison of risk
				10.7.2.2 Hazmat routing model
			10.7.3 Case analysis
		10.8 Advantages of choosing the right routing system
			10.8.1 Cost
			10.8.2 Safety
			10.8.3 Customer loyalty
			10.8.4 Scalability with speed
			10.8.5 Organizational control
		10.9 Analytical problems
			10.9.1 Solving routing problems using software
		Reference
		Further reading
Chapter-11---Transportation-security_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	11 Transportation security
		11.1 Introduction
			11.1.1 What is transportation security?
			11.1.2 Safety versus security
		11.2 Importance of transportation security
		11.3 Cybersecurity in logistics transportation
			11.3.1 Impact of cybersecurity on transportation
			11.3.2 Benefits of cybersecuring transportation assets, goods, and people
			11.3.3 Current cybersecurity challenges
				11.3.3.1 Dependence on mobile and web-based technologies
				11.3.3.2 Proliferation of internet of things
				11.3.3.3 Systems versus individual security
		11.4 Security risk assessment
		11.5 Practical implications
		11.6 Transportation security in the United States
			11.6.1 National Security Act of 1947
			11.6.2 Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002
			11.6.3 Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 by Department of Homeland Security
			11.6.4 US Department of Homeland Security
			11.6.5 Transportation Security Administration
			11.6.6 US Customs and Border Protection
			11.6.7 Cargo security initiatives—C-TPAT by Customs and Border Protection
			11.6.8 Secure Freight Initiative by Department of Homeland Security
		11.7 Cost of security
		11.8 Modal aspects of transportation security
			11.8.1 Road transport security
			11.8.2 Maritime security
			11.8.3 Aviation transport security
		11.9 Privately initiated transportation security
		11.10 Conclusion
		References
		Further reading
Chapter-12---Reshoring-and-its-impact-on-transporta_2021_Logistics-Transport
	12 Reshoring and its impact on transportation and economy—a US perspective
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 What is reshoring?
		12.3 Literature reviews
			12.3.1 The reasons why those companies are reshoring
			12.3.2 Economic impact of reshoring
		12.4 Developing reshorability index
			12.4.1 Step 1: Selecting socioeconomic factors
			12.4.2 Step 2: Reshoring factors
			12.4.3 Step 3: Weighting the factors
			12.4.4 Step 4: Reshorability index
		12.5 Implementation of reshorability index
			12.5.1 Sensitivity analysis
		12.6 Evaluating economic impact of reshoring
		12.7 Economic impact analysis
			12.7.1 NAICS 331: Primary metal
			12.7.2 NAICS 332: Fabricated metal product
			12.7.3 NAICS 315: Apparel
		12.8 Analysis Summary
		12.9 Conclusion and future research
		References
Chapter-13---Automotive-transportation-log_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Sys
	13 Automotive transportation logistics
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Overview of automotive supply chain
		13.3 Logistics functions and strategies
		13.4 Significance of a supply chain and logistics in the automotive industry
			13.4.1 Expertise
			13.4.2 Opportunity cost
			13.4.3 Decrease expenses for supplier management
			13.4.4 Quality control
			13.4.5 Mass production
			13.4.6 Duty and freight weight
		13.5 Contributors of the automotive supply chain
			13.5.1 Automotive dealers
			13.5.2 Original equipment manufacturers
			13.5.3 Tier 1 suppliers
			13.5.4 Tier 2 suppliers
			13.5.5 Tier 3 suppliers
		13.6 Challenges in automotive transportation
			13.6.1 Inventory control and just-in-time delivery
			13.6.2 Cost control
			13.6.3 Globalization
			13.6.4 Recalls
			13.6.5 Supplier proximity
			13.6.6 Flexibility
			13.6.7 External factors
			13.6.8 Market share
			13.6.9 Sustainability
		13.7 How the automotive industry plans and manages their transportation
			13.7.1 Demand forecasting
			13.7.2 Production planning
			13.7.3 Facility location selection
			13.7.4 Procurement
			13.7.5 Information processing
			13.7.6 Packaging
			13.7.7 Material handling, warehousing, and storage
			13.7.8 Inventory management
			13.7.9 Transportation
			13.7.10 Customer service
		13.8 3PL: third-party logistics
		13.9 Role of 3PL in the automotive supply chain
		13.10 Conclusion
Appendices_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Appendices
		Appendix A: Impact of logistics cost on reshorability index
		Appendix B: Correlation between different factors
		Appendix C: Weight of different factors on different industries location
		Appendix D: Reshorability index from China (3-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix E: Reshorability index from China (4-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix F: Reshorability index from China (6-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix G: Logistics cost from China (6-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix H: Score on different factors (US vs. India)
		Appendix I: Reshorability index from India (3-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix J: Reshorability index from India (4-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix K: Reshorability index from India (6-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix L: Score on different factors (US vs. South Korea)
		Appendix M: Reshorability index from South Korea (3-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix N: Reshorability index from South Korea (4-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix O: Reshorability index from South Korea (6-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix P: Score on different factors (US vs. Japan)
		Appendix Q: Reshorability index from Japan (3-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix R: Reshorability index from Japan (4-digit NAICS code)
		Appendix S: Reshorability index from Japan (6-digit NAICS code)
Index_2021_Logistics-Transportation-Systems
	Index